Nitrogen asalayo egazini-chemistry

Iziguli eziningi unesithakazelo umbuzo - uyini biochemistry igazi, kanye asalile nitrogen, emagama ukuhlolwa igazi. assays kwamakhemikhali kabanzi sitholakele, bona lisize izifo ezingathi sína, njengesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza izimila, anemias ezihlukahlukene, kanye nesikhathi ukuthatha izinyathelo ekwelapheni. asalile nitrogen ekhona urea, creatinine, amino acid, indikane. ezingeni layo ungase futhi ibonise noma yiziphi izinguquko sokugembula emzimbeni womuntu.

ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi

Imashi ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali igazi ivumela ngezinga eliphezulu okungenzeka ukuhlonza kusaqalwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ezicutshini eziyishumi nemitshingo. Ukulungiselela i-biochemistry kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo uma nithatha ukuhlolwa igazi. Ukuze ukufunda igazi ubulokhu othathwe vein cubital. zindlela ezibalulekile:

• khona amaprotheni;
• ingxenyenamba nitrogen - nitrogen ukuphumula, creatinine, urea, compounds wezinto;
• bilirubin;
• Izinga fat umzimba.

I asalile igazi nitrogen - kuyini?

Lapho efeza igazi ihlaziya imingcele kwamakhemikhali esikalini Imininingwane okuqukethwe igazi izinto okuyinto zihlanganisa i-nitrogen, kuphela emva wonke amaprotheni kakade likhishiwe. Inani idatha libizwa asalile igazi nitrogen. Eqoshiwe, lesi sibalo kuphela ngemva amaprotheni isusiwe, ngenxa yokuthi basuke umzimba womuntu ube nitrogen kakhulu. Bun kunqunywa Ngakho, ama-amino acid, creatinine, indican, uric acid, i-ammonia. Kungaqukatha nitrogen nezinye non-amaprotheni izinto Lokudabuka: peptides, bilirubin nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Ukuhlaziywa kolwazi ku-nitrogen asalile kunikela umqondo wokuthi impilo isiguli, abonisa izifo ngokuvamile ezihambisana nezinkinga deducing futhi zokuhlunga nemisebenzi nezinso. Ngokuvamile, i-nitrogen asalile - kusuka 14.3 kuya 28,5 mmol / ilitha. Yandisa okwenzeka on isizinda:

• polycystic;
• isifo kwezinso;
• hydronephrosis;
• amatshe e-ureter;
• ukulimala kwezinso tuberculous.

ukuhlola

Njengoba isampula asalile ukuze nitrogen engena ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, ukulungiswa wenziwa ngokuvumelana nezimiso afana nawokuqala ukulethwa kwamanye izingxenye uphethwe. Ukuze uthole imiphumela esinembile kubalulekile ukuba agcine eziningi imithetho ngesikhathi igazi oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo:

• nokuthi okokuqala Uma une ukuthatha kabusha ukuhlaziywa, kungcono ukukwenza endaweni yokucwaninga efanayo. Njengoba kovivinyo lwazo zokuxilonga laboratory, zingabantu izinhlelo ezahlukene ukuhlola imiphumela.
• Isampula yegazi ethathwa vein cubital, mhlawumbe ngenxa umunwe, uma kungekho ukufinyelela vein noma ezilimele.
• Ukwenza ekuhlaziyweni kumele kube esiswini esingenalutho, esikhathini esingekho ngaphansi kwamahora 9-12 emva esidlweni sokugcina. Ungakwazi uphuze amanzi, kodwa akukho igesi.
• Isikhathi ekahle nokuqoqwa kwegazi ubhekwa 7-10 ekuseni.
• Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi komhlangano ukuhlaziywa kungcono ukugcina yokudla, udinga ukususa kuphela okunamafutha, okubabayo futhi ethosiwe.
• Ezinsukwini ezintathu, ukubekela eceleni zemidlalo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlotshaniswa ukucinana we umzimba.
• Uma une ukuthi zihlolelwe asalile igazi nitrogen, oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kuyodinga ukuba kususwe imithi. Mayelana naleli phuzu, udokotela ukuba khona kuyadingeka ezidinga ukuxoxwa.
• Ngo imiphumela kungathinta ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ngakho okungenani isigamu sehora ngaphambi amasampula kudingeka ahlale esimweni esikhululekile.
Uma belungiselela Biochemistry sekudlule kahle, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuyoba esinembile. Kulungiswa kufanele ukubhekana kuphela nawo nezifundiswa kwezokwelapha. Izinkomba ngokuvamile iyashintshashintsha isihlobo endinganisweni, ngakho kungenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuhunyushwa ngokungalungile.

Jwayelekile nitrogen asalile egazini

ukufundwa Jwayelekile asalile igazi nitrogen kufanelekile izibalo kusukela 14.3 kuya 26,8 mmol / l. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvelela inkomba ngisho 30-36 mmol / l akuyona aphathwe njengomuntu ukubonakaliswa zokugula ngokushesha. nitrogen asalayo incane kakhulu kwesilinganiso ongama e ukusetshenziswa ukudla nitrogen-oqukethe, ukudla abandayo phakathi yokudla, nge kusilela izinto ezengeziwe. Eqa e futhi kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngemva ukuqeqeshwa okhulisa ezemidlalo nangenxa yezinye izizathu. Yingakho i-ukulethwa amasampula ukuze igazi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali kumelwe zilungiswe ngokucophelela. Uma ukuhlaziywa kakhulu yokugcizelela noma understate izinga futhi ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka ukulungiswa ngakwesokudla ngaphambi igazi izibonelo zalokho, lokhu kungase kubonise eziningi izifo emzimbeni.

Ngo nitrogen ingxenyenamba asalile kuhlanganisa:

• urea nitrogen (ka 46-60%);
• creatine (2.5-2.7%);
• acid nitrogen (25%);
• uric acid (4%);
• creatinine (2,6-7,5%);
• neminye imikhiqizo wamaprotheni umzimba.

nitrogen asalayo - umehluko phakathi nitrogen residual urea nitrogen. Lapha, i-ingxenyenamba khulula amahhala amino acid.

pathologies

Ukuze nitrogen asalile pathologies zihlanganisa:

• hyperasotemia - lapho izinga nitrogen asalile egazini liphezulu kakhulu;
• gipoazotemiya - nitrogen asalile ku ongaphakeme igazi.

Gipoazotemiya evamise ebonwe amandla ongaphakeme noma ezimweni ezingavamile, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Hyperasotemia ihlukaniswe production Nokugcina.

Lapho ukwephula nokugcinwa hyperasotemia zenzeka kwezinso umsebenzi excretory, kulesi simo kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini ukwehluleka kwezinso. Izizathu eziyinhloko we hyperasotemia nokugcinwa zingezinye zezifo ezilandelayo:

• glomerulonephritis;
• pyelonephritis;
• hydronephrosis noma sofuba kwezinso;
• polycystic;
• nephropathy lapho ukhulelwe;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu ekuthuthukeni isifo sezinso;
• ukutholakala izithiyo yemvelo noma mechanical kuya outflow umchamo (amatshe, isihlabathi, neziqu abulalayo noma ingozi e izinso, ngomgudu womchamo).

I hyperasotemia ukukhiqizwa

I anda asalile igazi nitrogen zingase zibonise ukuthi hyperasotemia ukukhiqizwa natihambisana sokugembula isimo syndrome ukudakwa endogenous. Liphinde waphawula nokucindezeleka isikhathi eside esikhathini postoperative. Amanothi produktsionnaja hyperasotemia e izifo ezithathelwanayo zenzeka enomkhuhlane, uma kukhona nokwahlukana okuqhubekayo kwezicubu, lokhu kuhlanganisa izifo: idiphtheria, typhus, scarlet fever, lobar nenyumoniya. I hyperasotemia ukukhiqizwa libhekene okwandisa asalile nitrogen inkomba kusukela ngosuku lokuqala isifo futhi kuze lokushisa muva ukubonakaliswa aphakeme.

Isihlobo kungenzeka uma ngijuluka, amahlule, nesifo sohudo kakhulu, lapho abaphukile umzimba ngamanzi ibhalansi.

ezixutshiwe hyperasotemia

Kukhona izikhathi lapho lenyuka nitrogen residual hyperasotemia okuxubile kunqunywa. It ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ubuthi ezinobuthi: dichloroethane mercury nosawoti, nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali enobungozi. Imbangela kungase kube ukulimala elihlobene ne kokucindezelwa isikhathi eside kwezicubu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, immobilization singenzeka izicubu kwezinso, lapho Ukugcinwa hyperasotemia iqala productional. Ngamazinga aphakeme hyperasotemia esiteji nitrogen asalile kwezinye izimo idlula izinga izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili. Bhalisiwe izinkomba ezinjalo ezimweni ezibucayi, ukuzibandakanya kwezinso.

asalile nitrogen izinkomba ulele nje kuphela isifo sezinso. isifo Addison sika (kahle umsebenzi adrenal) njengoba kwezinkambiso kuthiwa lidlule. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ishisa izinga eliphakeme amandla adonsela phansi, kanye amanzi emzimbeni, ngaphansi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinzima, ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi ukopha kakhulu esiswini.

ukuphulukiswa

Ukuyeka le izimpawu overestimated nitrogen asalile kungase kudingeke isikhathi ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo. Okunye ukwelashwa udokotela kufanele ubeke inani zifundo ezengeziwe, ezifana imiphumela okuyinto kwaphethwa ngokuthi ukusungula okuyikona futhi zibeka imithi kudingekile noma ezinye ukwelashwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthola lesi sifo bese elapha ke, kumelwe esifike ngesikhathi ekuhlolweni futhi sidlule lonke uvivinyo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi iyiphi zokugula, impatho efanele ngeke ukuthuthukisa yezinkinga, ukuya okubi kakhulu lesi sifo futhi ifomu ezingamahlalakhona.