Ukubhujiswa - siyini lesi

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzothola kangcono ukuqonda inqubo yokubhujiswa, ke Sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe, ukubaluleka amandla yenqubo zizohlolwa futhi silandelwe ukuqonda yokuphambuka lesi simanga.

Ukubhujiswa - lokhu

Ngakho, sibhekene umbuzo obalulekile: "? Ukubhujiswa - iyini le". Ukubhujiswa kuyinto inqubo ukushayisana izici ezimbili zalesi simo, okungukuthi kuyizinhlayiyana futhi antiparticle, futhi ngenxa yalokho lo mkhuba ezimbili okuphambene kuyizinhlayiyana kumiswa izinhlayiya entsha, bahluke kakhulu kulokho eqale iyikho.

incazelo eningiliziwe wembubhiso

Ngokokuqala ngqá lesi simanga kwatholakala ngo-1930, kodwa ukuqinisekiswa yokugcina khona inqubo enjalo yayiwukuthi kuphela kokutholakala radioactivity yokufakelwa, okuyiwona ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana positrons, futhi lonke inqubo ubephelezelwa ukukhululwa ukubhujiswa y-emisebeni.

Okwakushiwo yokubhujiswa ngokuvamile echazwa ngokuthi ukushayisana amabili izinhlayiya: izinhlayiya futhi antiparticles, okuyinto niyobhujiswa ukushayisana, yakha indlela entsha ndaba, kodwa incazelo eyiphutha zalesi simo, okuyinto wanamathela kuhle ngokujulile emphakathini ngokwesayensi futhi yakha eziningi mpikiswano ezungeze le nkinga kuze kube yilolu suku.

Yini kusala yokubhujiswa? Ukubhujiswa - yinqubo kumiswa letisha endabeni ndaba futhi antimatter izinhlayiya kanye antiparticle. Kule nqubo, nemingcele kokuqala zigcinwa ubambisana izakhi, okuyilezi: amandla omzimba izinhlayiya kanye isisindo sabo Imininingwane, inani ukunyakaza amaphuzu, ngisho nenhliziyo ishayela kwenkokhelo. Ngokwesibonelo, engozini ye-electron kanye positron, kokubili izinhlayiya asibhubhi iguqulwe ibe izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, ebanikeza mass namandla abo, egcwele, kulesi simo, amandla i-albhamu yezithombe.

Sibheka into ezifana wembubhiso. Uyini lo mkhuba ushintsho ekuqondeni oda emhlabeni, futhi ngokuvamile ekuqondeni yonke?

Le nqubo incazelo ebalulekile epistemological, ngokoqobo ukubhubhisa ukuqonda bokuqala elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo of ezinye izici nokungaguquguquki we ndaba, ngoba manje, le ndaba kungenziwa iguqulwe kusuka ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ukuqothulwa ekuvuleni amehlo kwesintu uqobo le ndaba, bethi akunakwenzeka ngokunembile ukuhlukanisa phakathi ezahlukene izinhlobo ndaba, futhi uma kukhona eziningi izimo, ennye izinhlayiya izophela kusukela ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Electro-positron pair

inqubo yokubhujiswa kahle kuqondwe pair Ngokwesibonelo positron-electron. Ukuba ongaphakeme amandla icala zingashayisani electron futhi positron bhubhisa (maqondana esimweni saso) izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya amabili kuya kwamathathu futhi isibalo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya incike yokuma osebenzisa. Uma eziningana MeV electron mali futhi positron yokubhujiswa kungenzeka uhlobo multiphoton.

Futhi, lesi simanga ibilokhu wafunda e-neutron-Antineutrons futhi proton-antiproton ngazimbili.

Isicelo wembubhiso

Siyaqhubeka ahlukanisa nombono wokuthi "ukubhujiswa okuphelele." Kuyini, futhi yini mkhuba KUBALULEKE wona ngokwawo? Futhi sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe, indlela yokuyisebenzisa?

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa physics isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ku-mbono wokuhlobana kwezinto. It is iguqulwe ngu amandla wembubhiso "E" (zero) ku kinetic namandla uhlobo, ngoba basabela imikhiqizo. Collision izinhlayiya kanye antiparticle njalo sasihamba ejection amandla onamandla, isib, engozini ye-electron kanye positron. Nokho, ezikhathini zanamuhla, le ndlela yokuthola amandla alisetshenziswa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, ezifana eshisiwe ukuze izindlela antimatter futhi isitoreji antimatter izici. Amandla ukuqothulwa lokho lurks enqubeni? Nje izinsiza Macrobiotic ephezulu! It wayezimisele futhi wabala ukuthi 1 kg nokuxhumana ndaba nge esilinganayo antimatter kuholela inyumbazana ngenxa ubungako bamandla ilingana cishe 1,8h1017 amandla joule. isamba okunjalo energy ekhiqizwa ukuqhuma kunombolo trinitrotuluola megatons 47.