Humanities kanye mpikiswano mayelana yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili

Izingxoxo mayelana iqiniso, othandwayo kuleli kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, emenza nezinkinga antinomy entsha. Ukutholakala psychoanalysis wasiza uguqule kusuka indlela yokwelashwa emfundisweni zefilosofi ngokwengqondo ubudlelwano phakathi abakuzwayo futhi equlekile okungaphakathi kumuntu. + indlela pragmatic waphula ukuqonda yendabuko iqiniso, ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi iqiniso yanoma yimuphi umbono uwukuthi "umthamo umsebenzi" yalo, ukuthi ingabe indlela efanelekayo nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu kwaba ifilosofi isayensi nobuchwepheshe, okuyinto esebeké at inhliziyo izinkinga global okubangelwa Str. Isikhubekiso phakathi izikole ezihlukahlukene umcabango babe humanities.

nefilosofi Analytic wathatha categorical isikhundla enomqondo-scientistic. Uthe ulwazi lwesayensi yiyona kuphela kungenzeka. ezintweni ezinhle enengqondo, emelelwa Russell, Carnap, abamele Vienna Circle wasebenzisa ama-apharathasi logic zezibalo ukwakha ulimi ekhethekile. Yena bekumele isebenze kuphela imiqondo angase aqinisekiswe. Kusukela kubo kungenzeka ukwakha izakhiwo okunengqondo ngokungemile kuthiwa "angakwazi ukubekezelela" njengoba mbono. Kuyacaca ukuthi humanities bendabuko e lendlela ngukutsi, kunjengokungathi ngemuva. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela "imidlalo ulimi" Wittgenstein nabalandeli bakhe futhi kugomela ukungavumelani eyala yemvelo kanye zezibalo kanye "isayensi zomoya."

ngokucacile kakhulu lo mkhuba lubonakaliswa nomqondo uKarl Popper. Wayecabangela humanities kuphela isicelo nangempumelelo waphika kubo ilungelo umbono. Umbhali "umphakathi ovulekile" esekelwe yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, iyiphi systematization emkhakheni zezenhlalakahle kuyinto subjective kakhulu, kanti okwesibili - isayensi itheleleke "holism", okubenza babe akuchazi amaqiniso futhi ukufuna ezinye uhlobo ubuqotho non-akukho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awanasisekelo. Ngakho-ke, Popper ehlaselwa ngaphezu kwakho konke imininingwane kule ndawo bolwazi lwabantu. Humanities - osolwa sefilosofi - ngokuhlakanipha kokunganaki. Kusekelwe imizwa engenangqondo, neminjunju ukuthi abayizimpumputhe, uhlukanise futhi ithiye ingxoxo.

Nokho, zonke lezi izinqubo ingathiyeki, futhi ukuthandwa ubuhlobo okuphambene kuya humanities. Le ndlela kwakheka ubuso kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, hhayi okungenani, ukuthi Popper. Sikhuluma umsunguli we hermeneutics yefilosofi Hans-Georg Gadamer. Uvumela ukuthi zonke isayensi yemvelo kanye womuntu ngokuyinhloko zingafani indlela incazelo, ke akubhekwa ukuthuthukiswa sefilosofi engemihle futhi omuhle. Esifundweni sezibalo, i-physics, i-biology Inkolelo-mbono obadalwa ngokwentando indlela. Futhi yokugcina kuphakama kusukela ulwazi imithetho kanye abayitoho (esiyimbangela) link. Nangu eza indima le humanities wukuthi iqiniso yabo eduze ukuphila kwangempela, kubantu futhi imizwa yabo. Yokuziphendukela eyala zemvelo into esemqoka - it ihambelana amaqiniso. Futhi humanities, ezifana nomlando - legumbi kuba sobala lapho okushiwo umcimbi ngokwayo Ukhumula wengubo yakhe.

Gadamer ngomunye wabokuqala ukubuyela umbala umqondo omuhle 'igunya ". Yilokhu okwenza "isayensi zomoya," yilokho abayikho. Kule ndawo, esingaziqondi ngaphandle kosizo ngaphambili, futhi ngenxa yesiko ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu kithi. rationality yethu kuphela ngokusiza thina ukukhetha igunya lapho sithembele. Futhi isiko ukuthi silandela. Futhi lobu bunye ngesikhathi esedlule nesamanje, indima le humanities.