Turner: umculi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe

Uilyam Terner - umculi British, owadala ezintsha namathafa romantic watercolors, namafutha. Imisebenzi yakhe kamuva yayingakaqondakali futhi sasimthanda besikhathi sakhe. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe sifundwa ngokujulile Klod Mone, futhi yaleli thonya umdwebi akunakwenzeka inselelo Impressionists French.

Turner, umculi biography

Kuyaziwa kokunye: Uilyam Terner wazalelwa eLondon ngo 1775 futhi wabhapathizwa ngo-May 14. Baba, wezinwele futhi iwigi umenzi, a uWilliam eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala yabhalela ku ukuqeqeshwa kuyisekazi edolobheni elincane Brentford, esimelela eMfuleni iThames. Lapha Umfana uqala ukupenda namathafa imvelo. Ubaba ubeka watercolors lakhe wezinwele wakhe esitolo nangenjabulo utshela amakhasimende akhe ukuthi indodana yakhe Uilyam Terner - umculi noma, okungenani, uyahamba babe munye.

Academy of Arts

Ngezinye nanhlanu, wadlula ukuhlolwa, okuyinto wamthatha uJoshuwa Reynolds, futhi waqala ukutadisha. Turner - ungumculi, okuyinto ekholelwa kuyena kwakhiwa Thomas Malton, draftsman kanye Umdabuli. Kodwa, Ukuthatha umongameli we Academy, wayephenywa ehlaselwe ukukhohliseka kwezobuciko. Futhi emifanekiso lokuqala Turner, futhi lo mdwebo uwoyela lokuqala, wabulawelwa 1790, embukisweni Academy embukisweni.

umkhiqizo owaziwayo

Kodwa iningi umxhwele umsebenzi, abhalwe 1796. Lokhu "Abadobi Olwandle". Kakade kulo msebenzi ekuqaleni, ukubukela abawuthandayo kudivayisi compositional, okuyinto Turner umculi izosebenzisa kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwami - kuba okusaqanda, kanye isihloko - isithombe isiphepho, futhi isivunguvungu iziqephu okukhulu, okuzokwenza wonke umsebenzi wakhe. ukudoba Isikebhe ebusuku usengozini. ukukhanya Cold zenyanga ke ukufihla, show zidabukile amafu zizimbi. Yena uyaphikisana ukukhanya efudumele kwesibani esikebheni. Kodwa akucaci ukuthi yini eyokwenzeka kumuntu abasezimweni ebusuku eziyaluzelayo. Lena marina ngokomzwelo kakhulu kunethonya elikhulu ku Horace Vernet nabanye abaningi.

Turner eYurophu

Kusukela 1802, lapho umdwebi wayekhululekile abezindaba, wenza uhambo lokuzungeza Europe. Turner wavakashela Switzerland, France (wafunda le Louvre) nabathandwayo phakade Venice.

Landscape imidwebo

Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 10-20 ngomdlandla abasebenza namathafa Uilyam Terner, umculi ogama imidwebo agcwele uthando. Usenguye abathembekile emasikweni landscape ngesiNgisi. Zilotshiwe indoda abanothando othanda ukuqhathanisa umbala nokukhanya. Uyabhala ngokukhululekile. Ngezinye izikhathi sigcwalisa umsebenzi basezinganekwaneni yabo izigcawu. Ngo 1815, emva kuqhuma intaba-mlilo tambora (Indonesia), emkhathini uvele umlotha wentaba-mlilo. Ngenxa yalokho kokuba imiphumela ezithakazelisayo optical. Kwelanga kwakungamadodana umthombo ugqozi for umdwebi. Imibala egqamile autumn ku "Chichester Canal" ngokuphelele hhayi ngephutha. Kepha yayisivele umxhwele iqhwa, lina, kunenkungu futhi zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo. Ngakho, ngo-1812 e-"Inguquko Hannibal Crossing-Alps" livezwa ukuzitika isici ekulweni okuyinto akabakhohlwa ngendoda: ubonisa ubuncane bakhe nobukhulu futhi sengozini. Futhi ubuhle zasendle zomhlaba kanye nesimo ongakasetshenzwa we kuwubufakazi bamandla kaNkulunkulu.

izici isitayela

ukuzimela lwezezimali avunyelwe Turner ukusungula ngokukhululekile emsebenzini wakhe ovuthiwe, ngaphandle kokunaka ikhasimende. Ngo isitayela puzzle kumnandi ethanda ukubhala whims bemvelo.

Eminyakeni engu-67, ngo-1842 uJehova edala "Snow isiphepho ebusuku." Lo mkhumbi ngokulambisa ebonakalayo e lesivunguzane ejika le ngesikebhe esincane. Zonke kuxutshwe ku-canvas, cishe abstract: squally umoya, othatha izinhlayiyana kuphakamisa amagagasi amakhulu futhi ushayela ongaphakeme iqhwa amafu, nomusi umusi, okuyinto ukhulula ngesitimu. Uzama ngokulambisa ebonakalayo ethekwini umkhathizwe. Isivunguvungu siya sasenza zonke okusaqanda ecacile maphakathi okuyinto ulwela impilo izikebhe.

Turner kanye Industrial Revolution

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII iqala eNgilandi, the Industrial Revolution. Ukufika kombuso umusi amakhanda nemikhumbi ngokushesha waqala ziboniswe umsebenzi womuntu okuye ivame ukuba konke entsha. Turner - umculi ogama imidwebo manje kuvezwa imiklamo. Kulokhu, ngaphambi zonke zalo abadwebi-ababephila ngesikhathi. On the ngendwangu, alibiza ngokuthi "Imvula, Steam, Speed" (1844), i-ukunyakaza ngendlela engavamile Ukuzila kwenyanga esitimela lidlule. Ukugqashula aphikisanayo emoyeni mass ukugeleza kusukela inkungu ubona esitimela. Wayengasabi kwanoma iyiphi izimo zezulu. Futhi bamhlonipha kakhulu u umculi ubuchwepheshe wesimanje like Samangala lapho sizwa ukuthi indoda bagqekeza isikhala, lapho amakhompyutha kuqala. Lo muntu oseqinile okubonisa abantu ukuthi bangenzani, nabantu bangesikhathi sakhe ukubuza omunye - bushelelezi, amnandi Venus, ethule ethokomele enhle, namahlamvu edwetshwe nezimbali landscape.

ukuphila Siqu

Esemusha, kuze kufe uyise ngo-1829, Turner ebehlala naye. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, umngani umsizi. Painter futhi ngeke ashade, nakuba aphila ne umfelokazi osekhulile Sarah Danby. Kusukela ke umculi wayenamadodakazi amabili.

Kamuva, wachitha iminyaka engu-18, lokho akwenza nesizathu nge Kerolayn Kodwa Chelsea. Kube waze washona ngo-1851. Kuthiwa-ke amazwi akhe okugcina, kukhona nalawa: "Ilanga -. Kuyintando kaNkulunkulu Umculi wangcwatshwa isicelo sakhe e ST. Paul eduze Mnumzane uJoshuwa Reynolds.