Sweet ikhukhamba, ikhabe ipheya, noma Pepino Kuyini: izithelo noma imifino?

Ezimakethe eziningi amazwe aseNingizimu Melika Pepino - izithelo ejwayelene nsuku zonke, mayelana nendlela esinalo amazambane. Kodwa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu futhi Asian, it is usanda ukuthandwa abantu, bese kuthi eminye njengenhlangano exotic isipho gourmet noma isithako elungisiwe e izitsha restaurateurs abadumile. Ezitolo zethu kulesi sithelo kuyaqabukela ukuhlangabezana, kodwa abalimi abathanda uye wanda ngezinga windowsills Pepino ezindlini idolobha, in zokugcina, ngisho endle!

incazelo Botanical

Pepino - isithelo omkhaya Solanaceae, okuhlanganisa utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda kanye pepper. ENingizimu Melika (elulwimini lwabo) kuyinto esiyize zisetshenziswa ukuthi ubukeka kakhulu okusikhumbuza utamatisi zasendle oluhlaza amnyama, amahlamvu kakhulu dissected. Lesi simila ngokunakekela kahle angase afinyelele 1.5 m ukuphakama. Uhlelo impande Pepino induku kakhulu ebucayi yokungabi nenhlabathi emoyeni-elihlale.

Phakathi zom kwakheka inflorescence is - ibhulashi nge eningi izimbali afana amazambane. Plant Pepino Akumangalisi ukuthi ngisho nangesonto elilodwa nje isihlahla kungenzeka kumiswa ezahlukene izithelo ukuma nombala - kusukela oyindilinga ukuze ocishe ube isiyingi. Isithelo zalesi sitshalo - isisindo berry kusuka 50 kuya 700 g Ngezinye isikhungo salo indiza encane ugcwele imbewu encane. Mayelana Isiqu ebusweni kancane dented. Umbala nge Pepino ophawule wathi akumele kuqhathaniswe yimuphi omunye izithelo, ngezansi iyakufakazela lokhu. Umbala izithelo ezivuthiwe kungenzeka, kuncike ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukukhanya yellow, ne jusi, futhi ukhilimu, nge sebuningini imivimbo longitudinal purple egqamile futhi speckles. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane obizwa nangokuthi ikhabe ipheya njengoba namanzi omuncu-sweet inyama ophuzi kufana ngephunga ipheya kanye ikhabe, wezwakalisa kancane izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Namuhla, abalimi ezifuywa izinhlobo ezintsha Pepino, isithelo enephunga ka umango.

Umlando omncane

Ekuqaleni le XX leminyaka lapho bemba okutheni eduze kwedolobha Nazca ososayensi-Peruvian wathola izitsha zobumba isiko ehlehlela emuva ekuqaleni BC mina yeminyaka. e., kubukeka kufana kakhulu izithelo Pepino. Izithelo ukuthi kuthiwa hhayi kuphela eyaziwa, kodwa futhi ezitshalwa Inca lasendulo.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ikhabe ipheya bawungenisa 1785 Andre Tuan, wensimu izingadi Royal Paris. Umhloli wamazwe waseBrithani, Uilyam Ayton e 1789 Pepino echazwe walinika eqondiwe Igama Solanum muricatum Ait. Eminyakeni elikhulu namatjhumi Pepino kwaba eRussia futhi 1890 saboniswa embukisweni Petersburg-Russia wezolimo. Wavakashela umbukiso Russian uMbusi u-Alexander III wayezazisa isiko engavamile futhi yayala ukushicilelwa esinqumweni - ukusabalalisa imbewu Pepino for zokugcina. Ngakho-ke ngempela esimila exotic kutshalwa ngempumelelo kuze kube ngo-October Revolution-1917. Khona-ke, cishe esikhathini esingangeminyaka eyikhulu ikhabe ipheya cishe wanyamalala, njengoba kutshalwa kuphela zokugcina ezimbalwa njengoba nombukiso amaqoqo Botanical.

Futhi esiphundu, futhi ewusizo

Ukwakheka Pepino sebuningini namaminerali ezahlukene, izakhi trace, izinto pectic, acid eziphilayo kanye fibre. Ngenxa okuqukethwe potassium izithelo kuyinto prophylactic kakhulu izifo ezithinta uhlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuba khona kule ikhabe ipheya isamba elanele iodine kalula digestible kwenza ukusetshenziswa yezifo yegilo. I Pepino uginindela has asidi ongaphakeme futhi high fibre Imicu yotshani - kuyasiza ukuyisebenzisa ukuze abantu ngezinkinga ezahlukene wokugaya ukudla. Ikhasi isithelo iqukethe anthocyanins, abe anti-inflammatory, elwa namagciwane kanye anticancer izakhiwo.

ukusetshenziswa Culinary

Pepino ezivuthiwe - a izithelo esikhundleni esikhulu, okuyinto ungabona esithombeni ngezansi. Basuke kabanzi ekuphekeni. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi izithelo overripe ulahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwabo, kodwa fresh, nokuba isikhumba yayinjalo obukhulu zingagcinwa isikhathi esingangenyanga esiqandisini. Pepino beya igcinwe ngisho isikhathi eside, kodwa lokho kumane nje ukunambitheka kwabo sibi kakhulu.

Ngo amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, kanye eJapane, ipheya ikhabe ngokuvamile kudliwa fresh njengendlela dessert. Ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa nale izithelo ukususa ngokucophelela ikhasi ukususa core kusukela imbewu izithelo.

Ngo eNew Zealand, Pepino uginindela ukungezwa izitsha inhlanzi nenyama, amasobho, nososo ezihlukahlukene kophudingi, esetshenziswa njengoba ukugcwaliswa e izimpahla wabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhabe ipheya izithelo kungenziwa okusemathinini, simisiwe, omisiwe futhi ukupheka kuzo compote, isagcine kanye sezimoto. Angavuthiwe amajikijolo Pepino amanzi okugqumisa ngendlela efanayo njengoba ukhukhamba evamile, futhi wenze ehlukahlukene okusemathinini zemifino salads.

Indlela ukhule endaweni esikuyo?

Abalimi bethu ukuze ufunde mayelana izakhiwo eziningi kuyazuzisa zalesi sitshalo, ngizibuze ukuthi sikhula Pepino. I yimpumelelo kakhulu futhi ezovumelana nezimo zethu nezinhlobonhlobo kubhekwe Ramses noConsuelo.

Ikhabe ipheya esekhulile ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu wenziwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka Januwari noma ekuqaleni kuka-February oswakanyiswe inhlabathi ukuxubana utamatisi, bahlakaze phezu balifafaza kancane emhlabathini. Khona-ke eduze izitshalo ingilazi noma ifilimu. Uma avele izithombo, bona aphume mncane, sashiya eziqine. Uma izithombo zikhule ukuba 15-20 cm, bona phusha ne utshalwe esitsheni nge yenqwaba ngemva okuvela ohlangothini amahlumela. Ngemva yesithwathwa pass entwasahlobo okubuyisekayo, ukufakela izithombo ku Pepino abamba ukushisa, ngalesikhatsi kuchutjekwa nekwenta ngimnakekele ngokuqondene utamatisi ezivamile. Lokhu isiko akawuthandi ukufudumeza it i lokushisa elilungile - kusuka 15 ^{° C} kuya ku-30 ^{° C} no-nomswakama ka-75%.

Cherenkuem

Ngaphezu imbewu ukubuyabuyelela, Pepino zingandiswa by cuttings. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele ube izitshalo umzali, ngci ebusika emiphongolweni noma Loggia. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-February, ungakwazi of kuwo, wayinquma iziqongo amahlumela namahlamvu eziyisikhombisa. Kudingeka kususwe ishidi ezimbili aphansi, kanye nengxenye esele mfushane ukwehlisa ukuhwamuka. Uma lesizalo ezihlabayo kancane, bese ungathola cuttings kusuka phansi Ukuphunyuka, sashiya lusalanda ezinhlanu.