Stem - kuyingxenye ebalulekile bomkhumbi. Lesitshalo stem umsebenzi

Shipbuilding ingenye izindawo owaba umqansa kunayo yonke yomsebenzi womuntu. Kule ndawo, eziningi imibono ehlukene, okushiwo okuyinto kuphela ochwepheshe ezaziwayo. Omunye eside ihlanganisa "ekunqandeni". Leli gama liyatholakala nasemiBhalweni nezincwadi zesayensi kanye art encazelweni emikhunjini.

okusho

Stem - lokhu phambi, umklamo ezimangelengele emnsalweni ngaphandle komkhumbi. It imelelwa ugongolo steel, kanye isiqeshana kokuzihlanganisa noma waphonsa, agobile isesimweni ekhaleni isitsha.

Kuye ngokuthi izimo umkhumbi isebenza ngaphansi kwazo, Nokho it has ngesivinini kanye nekhwalithi, izindlu unamathele ifomu ehambisana. Stem - uhlobo phambili keel bomkhumbi. Inguquko emgqeni keel kungenzeka waphetha, bushelelezi noma kinked. Ubujamo stem kusenza jikelele ngaphandle komkhumbi. Ngisho zibukeke umkhumbi imikhumbi angabhekwa uma has a stem ophumile. Izithombe kule ngxenye umkhumbi okusesihlokweni esithi.

imisebenzi

Stem - kuyingxenye ukuthi imikhumbi yamasosha izinhlobo amadala lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi ziyalungiswa ngokumelene emiphongolweni emincane. Inkinga esifanayo singabonakala futhi enze ngwenya noma kubabulali. Stem ifakwe imoto esindayo kakhulu akwazi ukungena isikhumba yangaphandle ngaphandle umonakalo: Kumiswa umgodi ngaphezu kwamanzi.

isitsha Modern ahlome stem, bakwazi ram ngisho ngwenya, ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-obukhulu kakhulu amashidi steel. Njengoba umnsalo sikebhe kunomthelela enamandla evela amagagasi ukushaqeka, ekunqandeni-non-combat imikhumbi kufanele futhi ukwakhiwa okuqinile kakhulu.

Yiziphi stem?

Lapho ekhetha stem ukucabangela ukuqokwa umkhumbi futhi ezakheke ngayo. Ngo shipbuilding, okulandelayo izinhlobo:

• Esitshekile phambili. Ingxenye kwamanzi stem engela sekuqalile ukuba keel emkhunjini, kunalokho sibonakala nezifiso phambili. Lifting ngcono wave bomkhumbi ngenxa yalokhu stem.

• Klipersky. Ngesimo olufana stem ezintweni ezingafanele. It is lisetshenziswe imikhumbi.
• stem Bulbopodobny esikebheni amelwe topside noma esitshekile umugqa ngilugweda. Line, esitholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi, has simise unyembezi. Bakuhlonyiselwe ngemikhumbi kokuba ububanzi enkulu sikebhe. Ngokusebenzisa stem enjalo uphathe ukufeza ukuncipha wave ukumelana naso futhi kwenze ukwandisa isivinini sokuhamba. Ngoba ngesikhathi keel stem kachek kakhulu obala umphumela hydrodynamic ezinjalo, uqinisa esebenzisa stiffeners longitudinal futhi transverse.
• Ophihliza iqhwa. Yiba isiqu sama esitsheni ekilasini ice. Umugqa we-stem e ebusweni ingxenye uthambekele kancane phambili. Sisondela enyakazayo amaqabunga degrees 30. Lokhu engela efanayo usekhona ingxenye kwamanzi ukuze kwathatha umugqa keel. Ihamba ifakwe stem onjalo, kungashiwo yini ukuntanta phezu eqhweni kalula, ke prodavlivaya isisindo sabo.

• Okuqondile. Ngaphansi kwamanzi it has a emgceni locondzile, okuyinto kahle sihamba ibe keel. Lokhu stem has isikebhe nge isikhala kwi emphemeni, okuyinto ukuntanta emanzini azolile ebusweni. stem Straight kufanelekile ukuhlolwa isikhala phambi lomkhumbi endaweni ngemikhawulo futhi Tindlelanchubo berths.

Uhlobo

Idatha ye umkhumbi ihluke nomunye futhi by design. Ngo shipbuilding, okulandelayo izinhlobo zawo zisetshenziswa:

• Eyisikwele. Lo mklamo ubhekwa omdala. Namuhla isiqu esinjalo ifakwe tugs futhi izikebhe ezincane ukudoba ne keel lesikwele. Shtevni eqhweni-imikhumbi anemisila kude ekhethekile (ulimi), kulo igobolondo amapuleti. Lo mklamo ivumela umkhumbi silondoloze yobunzima uma umonakalo.
• Sakaza. Ngokungafani stem lesikwele, waphonsa yayo ukuma esigabeni Isiphambano kalula bazivumelanisa kwamanzi. Ngenxa kwakwakhe amashidi bushelelezi phambi amanzi stem kwetinhlavu vyhrey encishisiwe. Ukuze andise ngamandla sokusakaza umkhumbi shtevney esetshenziswa stiffeners longitudinal futhi transverse.
• Ishidi, noma weld. Lezi stem zenzelwe ezinkulu, imikhumbi ashiselwe ngokugcwele ngomnsalo eziyizigaxa ifomu. Ukuze uvimbele ukusonteka iqabunga stem ku ovundlile spacer amashidi zisetshenziswa, aziwa e shipbuilding njengoba acinene breshtuki. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kuyendlulela emalungeni phakathi stem kanye ebheke amashidi isitsha. Lo mkhumbi, ifakwe ice ukuqinisa ishidi shtevnya wanikeza longitudinal ubambo.

isiphetho

Namuhla emkhakheni shipbuilding is more evame ukusetshenziswa hlobo stem bulbopodobny. Ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa imithambo ezinjalo isikhathi esiningi-ukudliwa, entailing nezindleko eside zezimali. Kodwa nakho futhi imiphumela yokudonsa luye lwabonisa ukuthi le mikhumbi kuyashesha futhi ivikeleke nakakhulu.