Software - Yini lokhu? Yeka Uhlelo Software?

Noma imuphi umsebenzisi we-computer nsuku ubhekene eside ezifana Software. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba ukuqonda kakamuva kwaleligama sitolikwa ngokuthi "Isofthiwe" noma, e indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama, "PO" ( 'soft'). Ake sixoxe ngezinye zezici ezibalulekile ezinhlobo isofthiwe nobudlelwano nezinye izingxenye kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha. Ngakho, liyini Software?

imiqondo Jikelele

Ku-jikelele umuzwa Software - iqoqo imiyalelo, iziqondiso ku esahlulelweni ngesisekelo ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, uhlelo noma usethe izinhlelo obhekene ukubambisana phakathi umsebenzisi futhi uhlelo lwe-computer hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi phakathi okuthiwa izingxenye zensimbi computer noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza esakhelwe ngenhloso ethile.

Kuye imisebenzi egunyaziwe kwe-software, yonke isofthiwe kungenziwa yizigaba eziningana, okuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Idrayiva Software: umehluko kanye nobuhlobo

Ukuchazwa migomo ezimbili eze obhekwe amakhompyutha kuqala. Namuhla, kucatshangwa ukuthi Hardware - Le hardware computer ( 'nensimbi' izingxenye), okungaba thinta izandla (umbadlana, iprosesa, inkumbulo, okuphathelene nomngcele, namanye amadivayisi ohlelweni, noma ezixhunywe kulo).

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu incazelo okuphambene leli gama iSofthiwe. Ukuhumusha kungenziwa emelelwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi "ware ezithambile". Ngomqondo obanzi, kwakusho ukuthi uhlelo ayikwazi wathinta, kuba umuzwa, ngisho ingxenye ebonakalayo.

Futhi, eziningi kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngoba ukusetshenziswa 'nensimbi' noma ukufinyelela amakhono yakhe kumelwe nakanjani kusetshenziswe isofthiwe ekhethekile ngesimo izinhlelo ezikhethekile control, obhekene ukusebenza kumadivayisi ezifana (abashayeli, usetha umyalo uvo / BIOS okukhipha nokunye. D.) .

I-Software eside ngokwayo, ukuhunyushwa kanye nencazelo okuyinto manje asetshenziswa yonke indawo kwenzeka into ngokomongo software, ngisho ekuqaleni imishini computer wayengekho ukusetshenziswa. Kwakungenxa nje ekuqaleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo sekuphelele. Kwakuhlangene ukwethulwa ocacile zamaqembu wemfanelo wokuphatha hardware computer, futhi umsebenzisi sekupheleni. amakilasi ehlobene (Software and Hardware) waziwa hardware ne-software izinhlelo.

isofthiwe Ukwahlukanisa okusekelwe criteria eziningana

Njengoba Software - lena Uhlelo yinoma yimuphi uhlelo kukhompyutha, le software kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana ezibanzi esekelwe imisebenzi eyabelwe yona. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-software ukusetshenziswa futhi ukufanisana sehlukaniswe Corporate (ngokwezifiso esenzelwe izinkampani ezinkulu kanye nezinkampani) kanye ne-software for ezahlukene abasebenzisi.

Ngokusho ukuthwala umbandela kungaba platform ethize (ezisebenza ngokukhethekile kwelinye medium and omunye uhlobo 'nensimbi'), kanye cross-platform (ingashintshwa ukuze izinhlelo ezahlukene kakhulu).

Ngokusho basakaza uhlobo zingahlukaniswa zibe isofthiwe nokuphathelene, evulekile (mayelana ikhodi yomthombo ku Open Source GNU General Public License) kanye khulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ngokuvamile ehlanganisa mahhala, ezikhokhelwayo shareware. Uhlobo yokugcina kwesicelo ngokugcwele noma ingxenye ukusebenza okunomkhawulo isikhathi esithile, ngemva kwalokho, lolu hlelo kuzodingeka ukuthenga. Uma kungenjalo, izoyeka ukusebenza.

Kodwa ngezigaba okuhloswe lisikisela khona lwezigaba ezintathu ezibanzi software:

• uhlelo;
• yezandla;
• wezinsimbi (amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa, amathuluzi kanye Izinsiza).

System Software

Njengoba izingxenye system akuzona kuphela isicelo ngomqondo evamile. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo zokusebenza nazo izinhlelo.

Nokho, ngokuvamile abantu isofthiwe yohlelo angase abhekwe njengomuntu uhlobo ungqimba ngokuxhumanisa izinhlelo umsebenzisi kusukela imvelo yesistimu yokusebenza lapho babesebenza, kanti zezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ehilelekile ekufezeni umsebenzi oluthile (isib, idivayisi abashayeli efanayo).

Ukuze wenze kube sobala, siyakuphila ukunikeza isibonelo esilula. Thatha i-Windows operating system (uhlelo ungqimba), ikhadi umsindo ( 'nensimbi') kanye nabezindaba umdlali (software uhlelo lokusebenza). Ukuze saundkarta kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha umsindo, udinga umshayeli (software uhlelo) enikeza ukulawula idivayisi uhlelo lokusebenza, okuyinto inkundla umdlali. Njengoba uhlelo ibona idivayisi, ngokusebenzisa iziqondiso zalo ke adlulisele kubo ukulawula isidlali, ithole uhlelo lwefayela yomsindo isebenzisa amakhodekhi akhethekile decoders (amathuluzi ezengeziwe software). Ubudlelwano isobala.

izinhlelo isicelo

Ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ukufaka zonke lezo zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi ungagijimi yezingxenye uhlelo noma ukuzisebenzisa kuphela ingxenye, ukuxazulula kahle ichazwe imisebenzi umsebenzisi ethize.

Isibonelo namuhla singamenza kanjani okuningi: Ihhovisi Suites, abezindaba abahleli, uhlelo izibalo kanye nomklamo, kusho i-Internet futhi inethiwekhi nokuphathwa, idatha logger, njll Njengoba ubona, uhlobo ngalunye isofthiwe (Software) - ithuluzi egxile ekusetshenzisweni .. uhla emincane imisebenzi, futhi baxhumana ngokuqondile kumsebenzisi uhlelo lwekhompyutha lonke.

Amathuluzi nezinsiza

Amathuluzi zihlanganisa software ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa nezinye izinhlobo software. Lokhu kungafaka platform ulimi izinhlelo imvelo nentuthuko, amaphakheji SDK, bug kokulandela kanye version control.

Ngokuphathelene ngezidingo, ukuthi ngaphansi kwabo ngokuvamile libhekisela kubantu abasungula isofthiwe ukumisa hardware imingcele, kanye / noma izinto isofthiwe ye isimiso sama-computer elinobunye, ngaphandle leti kufinyelela izilungiselelo ezinye izindlela ngeke lisetshenziswe. isofthiwe okunjalo kungaba kuhlanganiswe ohlelweni lokusebenza noma ukufakwa ngokwehlukana. Kwezinye izimo, Tinsita angasebenzisa amasethingi umnyuziki ezishintshayo (isibonelo, optimizers lokusebenza alungise amaphutha bese ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza Windows-izinhlelo).

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Ekugcineni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi ngokuvamile wenza kuphakame omunye umbuzo mayelana Software elithi:? «Kuyini lolu hlelo" Le ndlela kancane ayilungile, ngoba, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, kungaba isicelo esisodwa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi iqoqo izinhlelo, iqoqo imiyalo ulimi, iziqondiso, imithetho ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo ukulawula ezinye izingxenye noma ukudlulisa zabo ukuze kusebenziswe futhi ukubulawa ngesimo ikhodi kanambambili, isibonelo, wokugaya emaphakathi.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa futhi okunemibandela kakhulu, ngoba incazelo banikezwe kuphela izinhlobo ezinkulu software ngaphandle division okwengeziwe ku subclasses, okuyinto namuhla zingase zibalwe kakhulu impela. Kodwa usizo lwalo lokuba ngiqonde kokuqala kwe-Software eside umsebenzisi abavamile kungaba suffice futhi lolu lwazi.