Sibutsetelo ngabaphathi semininingwane izinhlelo

Wonke umsebenzi womuntu kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ezihlukahlukene ulwazi lwemibhalo bese yolwazi. Library ebhukwini, incwajana, ikheli efonini yakho ephathekayo noma tablet - lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele Imininingwane olwakhiwe, okuyinto sisebenzisa. Kodwa amakhompyutha njenge ngokunemba, ngakho sikunikeza incazelo.

Ngakho, i-database (DB) - iqoqo idatha ngokunengqondo ahlobene echaza isimo Imininingwane lezinto ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kuncike futhi kusetshenzwe nge computer.

Database ukuphathwa uhlelo isofthiwe nolimi imvelo ngokudala, ukulawula kanye ngokucubungula ulwazi izisekelo. Ukwabela semininingwane:

• Sebenza lezisekelo ngaphandle (amadiski, amakhasethi, njll ...) kanye RAM;
• Ukwabelana abasebenzisi;
• ukushintsha control, yomlando futhi yokutakula semininingwane;
• batfole ulimi i-information processing ,
• amathuluzi ngoba ukudalwa, ukuguqulwa, futhi semininingwane ukuphathwa.

Ngamafuphi nje, i-database inquma indlela yokubeka, kanye database inikeza izindlela ukuze kusetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa semininingwane izinhlelo zihlukaniswe jikelele ukusetshenziswa uhlelo ekwazi ukumelana ezihlukahlukene idatha kanye ezikhethekile eyenzelwe isihloko endaweni ethize noma uhlobo lolwazi. Isibonelo ezikhethekile ngabaphathi semininingwane zinhlelo into-ngamakhasimende.

Zingubudlelwane Management System

Njengoba sekunama-computer yolwazi bekulokhu onobuhle eziningi umsebenzi wabo, kodwa imodeli zingubudlelwane kwaba jikelele kunazo. Kuyinto iqoqo ahlobene kolwazi amatafula, iqinisekisa ubuqotho komsebenzi ubuncane kolwazi. imodeli Ithebula kwaba kusebenza iningi izindawo zesihloko, futhi kwemakethe zingubudlelwane ngabaphathi semininingwane uhlelo basungula ngokushesha. Lesi sibalo sikhombisa isibonelo isakhiwo zingubudlelwane of "phansi abafundi."

Zonke DBMSs zingubudlelwane ukusekela ANSI SQL ulimi standard futhi izimiso eziyisisekelo imodeli zingubudlelwane okuyinto eyenza izicelo ukusebenzisa ku yolwazi ehlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yolwazi enkulu khona baneHholo SQL isandiso anezele. Izibonelo ngohlelo lokuphatha semininingwane yamaphrojekthi emikhulu - lena Microsoft SQL Server futhi Oracle.

Imodeli zingubudlelwane asetshenziswe ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi Inthanethi ngempumelelo. Izibonelo MySQL database kanye PostgreSQL.

NoSQL ubuchwepheshe

Ukwanda amavolumu idatha nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ubuhlobo kuye kwaholela ukuvela entsha ngabaphathi semininingwane izinhlelo. Imininingwane uyekile ngaphandle nomunye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho engenakwenzeka ukuthola ngokuqinile ukuchaza isakhiwo yayo. yolwazi zingubudlelwane ayisakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi enjalo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukuvela uhlobo olusha ulwazi yolwazi kanye nohlelo lokuphatha, bebonke eyaziwa ngokuthi NoSQL ( «kungekho SQL»).

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko NoSQL yolwazi:

1. "Ubungako". I database ethandwa kakhulu - Redis, Voldemort, Tokyo zeKhabhinethi Dynomite.
2. Ukufaniswa semininingwane BigTable. Lwakhiwe yi-Google yangaphakathi ukusetshenziswa injini. ngokusemthethweni BigTable It is hhayi ahlinzekwa, kodwa kukhona database isisekelo salo. It Hadoop, Hypertable futhi Cassandra.
3. Document ngamakhasimende. Ethandwa kakhulu Berkeley DB-XML, MongoD, akhona futhi CouchDB.
4. Kususelwa base of igrafu theory. Asetshenziswa Neo4j, Sones graphDB futhi AllegroGraph.

ikusasa DBMS

Market zingubudlelwane ngabaphathi semininingwane izinhlelo iyaqhubeka ikhula futhi futhi yathambekela kakhulu ukusebenzisa NoSQL ukwenza. Yiqiniso, kule "zakudala SQL» ithengiswe omningi izinhlelo isofthiwe yinkimbinkimbi nelula, futhi ngabo kukhona ezifana emakethe imidondoshiya like Microsoft futhi Oracle. Kodwa nabanye ngokuqiniseka kuthathwa ngokuthi NoSQL eminyakeni ezayo uzokwazi kakhulu wokukhipha abaholi ukuthuthukiswa eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwazisa.