Sfumato imidwebo amasu: ikakhulukazi izibonelo

Sfumato Umdwebo - inqubo ehlukile kusungulwe wayeyisazi uLeonardo da Vinci. Kuze kube manje, uyakuthabela nezethameli nenhlonipho professional abaculi. Sitshele ukuthi izici ngale ndlela sokuloba, ababeyisebenzisa nalapho namuhla ungabona obukhulu kuzo sfumato.

okusho

Igama Italian "sfumato" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "inyamalala njengentuthu." Phakathi Renaissance, kwaleligama kwaqala ukuba abadwebi esetshenziswa, lokusho isithombe esikhethekile ukubopha. Kamuva gama kwaqala usetshenziselwe igama ethile halftone imiklamo.

izici Technical

Kukholakala ukuthi uLeonardo da Vinci, ngubani kubhekwa umsunguli sfumato, wafingqa phelelisa yayikhona ngesikhathi Italian Renaissance izindlela halftone. Le nqubo liqukethe okubangela ezicashile, angenisa izingqimba okuyinto do hhayi kweqa, kodwa buqala noma mnyama leaf izinsalela. ocwebezelayo Izacile we ubuncane umbala umehluko kungadala umuzwa ufasimbe, inkungu. Sfumato Umdwebo by uLeonardo da Vinci uye sezenziwe zaphelela. Modern ucwaningo imibukiso ukuthi singasetshenziswa ungqimba ukushuba 3-4 microns. sfumato indlela esetshenziswa ukwehlukanisa phakathi nendawo oluyinhlanganisela. Blurred wabuka Vumela ngaphezulu ngesibindi nangempumelelo ukugcizelela main into ku-canvas. Halftone kancane kancane ezihambayo ibe umthunzi obukhulu, ngaphandle kokudala ezibonakala ngeso kweqa umngcele.

sfumato Classic wadala ngokusebenzisa upende okhethekile angenisa ukukhanya, glazes. Ukuze ukusebenza abaculi zisebenzisa ukukhanya ibhulashi Sable ukuthi ungenza brushstrokes cishe ezingabonakali. Kamuva kwafika inqubo "ibhulashi ezomile", njengoba iningi labaculi esihle ngendwangu sihamba imivimbo akhanya kokuncinyane elomile udayi ingxube. Ngemuva omiswe ephelele izithombe namanje ahlanze ngokweqile ukushiya nje ulwelwesi.

I izici sfumato

Ukuze ubone ubuhle Umdwebo sfumato kungaba phezu imidwebo uLeonardo da Vinci. Ingemuva ukudwetshwa yakhe siswele ukuzwakala, emigqeni Inkulumo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Haze futhi ufiphalise ingemuva ukuba agxilise amehlo umbukeli ngale ndaba eyinhloko esithombeni. Kulokhu, umkhiqizo inika osholo wesibhakabhaka nokujula.

Kukhona akulona iqiniso ukuthi sfumato - ukuthi nje yokudweba imiklamo. Lena akuyona ngakho. Inqubo efanayo esetshenziswa Leonardo kahle ipensela umdvwebo. Ukuphumelelisa hatching futhi shading ukuhwebelana subtlest. Futhi, le ndlela ngempumelelo imisebenzi e amaphastelsi. Ngu obuhlukahlukene degree of ingcindezi umculi iyashintsha iyaphupha ibe ibhulashi ifike degrees umbala umfutho kanye isicelo of wokulinganisa ezimanzi obuhlukahlukene ivumela ukuthola ngamazinga ahlukene isithombe ukujula. Futhi e amaphastelsi ukudala umphumela sfumato isebenzisa Ukufiphaza kanye Umbala. It ikuvumela ukusula umngcele phakathi umbala ukuhwebelana kokuthona bese siletha imiphumela efiselekayo of inkungu ufasimbe.

yobuciko uLeonardo

Kukhona izinto ezimbalwa kuphela geniuses abaphuma beveza into entsha ngokuphelele imidwebo, futhi omunye wabo - uLeonardo da Vinci. Ukwamukelwa sfumato imidwebo, kanye ngekwendzawo ngombono - okungukuthi kakhulu ezibaluleke ukutholakala umdwebi. Lapho senza ikhuluma sfumato ke, yebo, ukukhumbula main Vinci wobuciko - "La Gioconda". Isizinda lomsebenzi isibonelo zakudala "Smoky" umdwebo. Isibalo se-Mona Lisa kuba ephawulekayo ekhululekile futhi ke okungukuthi sibonga ukufiphala, dim, futhi ezifana sezulu ngemuva. Imfihlakalo wakhe ukumamatheka okungukuthi kakhulu kubonakala sibonga obala ngemuva. Futhi amasu sfumato yokudweba uvezwa imisebenzi eminingana yenkosi, kuhlanganise "Virgin we Rocks", "Madonna futhi Ingane", "UJohane uMbhapathizi '," Madonna we uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi ".

Yunione

Its ukuthuthukiswa sfumato imidwebo amasu lithole e yunione. Lubonakala ngokuyinhloko Raphael. Uma beqhathaniswa sfumato Classic yunione isicelo zemibala ekhanyayo, bobunjwa wabuka kukhona evelele. Nokho, kukhona futhi agcinwe isimiso eziyisisekelo esilayidi ukuhwebelana kokuthona kanye nokwenzela izinto obala, okuyinto kwakha umuzwa emoyeni kuwebhu. Le nqubo entsha, okuyinto sihlanganisa izici best of sfumato, kanye nezinye izindlela imidwebo Italian okwethulwa imisebenzi enjalo Raphael, njengoba "umusa ezintathu" futhi eziningana "Madonna" nkathi i-Florentine.

Kandzhiante

Ukubukeka Umdwebo sfumato kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi kunokwehluka eziningana zalo. Ngakho, Michelangelo wadala umbiko wakhe ngendlela multi-egqinsiwe yokuloba - kandzhiante. Ingungu yensimbi ekhaliswayo ngokushaywa eyakhelwe ukudluliselwa ukukhanya nethunzi, kodwa, ngokungafani sfumato, lapho ukuguquka esehlelembe ngangokunokwenzeka, lapha kusetshenziswa umbala umehluko. Umsebenzi eyamukelayo okufanayo - ukupha isithombe ukujula kanye nombono. Isibonelo esimangalisayo le nqubo ukusebenza Michelangelo "Madonna Doni".

chiaroscuro

Ukubukeka Umdwebo sfumato sokucasuka abaculi ukubheka amathuba afanayo kule sheduli. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni multilayer chiaroscuro art. Kuyinto uhambisane isithombe isigxivizo ngamapulangwe ambalwa elikuvumela ukuthumela play sokukhanya isithunzi futhi ukudala ngakuthathu. Ngukhokho le ndlela kwaba umculi Italy Ugo da uCarlo. Inkosi odume kunabo bonke ephethwe le ndlela kwaba isheduli French Zhorzh De La Tour.

Abalandeli Da Vinci

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika sfumato sikaLeonardo ku ubuciko, izibonelo engatholwa emazweni ahlukahlukene, sesiye inqubo zakudala yokudala, imisebenzi ezijulile ozungeze umhlaba wethu. abaculi Abaningi baye bazisebenzisa nokusetshenziswa umuntu wamukelekile. Abalandeli ovelele Da Vinci kubhekwe Titian, uJohan Abeling, Omar Galliani.