Sapropel njengo manyolo: libuyekeza balimi

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu yokulima izwe futhi ikhule kuso ezihlukahlukene izitshalo, Uzame ukwandisa umvuno futhi izinga layo. Owayehlala ngasogwini lomfula imifula emikhulu njenge-Nile, i-Ewufrathe neTigrisi, impucuko wezolimo abahlakaniphile basendulo basebenzisa lolu daka phansi ukuthuthukisa futhi enothisa Ukwakheka inhlabathi. Kwaba eGibhithe lasendulo nalapho eMesophothamiya elasetshenziselwa sapropel okokuqala njengoba umquba. It yethulwa futhi ishayisa inhlabathi ngemva kokuvuna sisusiwe.

Abalimi Modern futhi abatshali ayazikhathalela umbuzo liyini leli "feed" ezweni ukuze imifino nezithelo abaningi, nokuthi ingabe ukuqukatha nitrate eziyingozi, nitrites neminye imiphumela yezimpumelelo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali yesimanje. Njengoba isisho sibonisa, konke entsha - kahle ukhohlwe ubudala. Mhlawumbe yini eye yasiza abakhileyo eMesophothamiya yasendulo, futhi eMesophothamiya ukuba uthole isivuno ocebile, futhi ukukhonza kwethu? Kulesi sihloko, sizama ukwenza umqondo sapropel - kuyini, njani, nini futhi kungani kufanele lisetjentiswe.

Kuyini lokhu?

Sapropel - umkhiqizo yemvelo ngokwemvelo, okuholela ngendlela yemvelo ezansi angenasawoti. Izinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane, ukwehla phansi kwamanzi phansi, ukubola ngenxa yesenzo nezilwanyana ezincane abahlala imvelo nge-oksijini okuqukethwe ongaphakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, izinqubo zemvelo-mechanical, kwamakhemikhali kanye microbiological kwagcina kumiswe ukumiswa esitebeleni ukwakheka okuyinto, ngaphandle organic compounds zihlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene wezinto amaminerali kanye ukungcola.

Kuphi futhi kanjani ukuthola ngayo?

Sapropel izinqolobane eRussia eziningi, ikakhulukazi Ephakathi Far Eastern izifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene amachibi ezahlukene ise North-West, Ural, nezifunda zezomnotho laseSiberia lugcine izinqolobane zalo.

Ukuze kukhiqizwe ngezinto zemvelo eluhlaza asetshenziswa njengoba imishini ekhethekile, kanye dredgers, abaluphakamisela phezulu. Ngalokho-ke silethwa ogwini, dewatered futhi lusetshenziswe ukunika sapropel (Umanyolo) noma eminye imikhiqizo.

izinhlobo sapropel

It isinqumo sokwehlukanisa phakathi lokhu ngezinto zemvelo eluhlaza ngemacembu ezine ezinkulu:

• granulated;
• okuxekethile;
• namathisela;
• uketshezi.

Sapropel njengo manyolo evame ukusetshenziswa luyimbudumbudu futhi ifomu luyimbudumbudu. Ngobuningi kusebenza lapho esekhulile ngezinga yezimboni ngezilimo ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi ingadi nemizana ukwakha namathafa ezahlukene. Ingxenyana elikhulu omningi sapropel zisetshenziselwa sokubuyisa izwe lapho kwakukhona izindawo zokulahla, izindawo imishini kanye nezimayini imisebenzi, i-ore zokulahla.

umquba luyimbudumbudu isetshenziswa inhlabathi, izitshalo kunomphumela ehlala njalo isetshenziselwa ukutshala imifino, okusanhlamvu, impande izitshalo nezitshalo eziqhakazayo.

I unama futhi sapropel ketshezi esetshenziselwa kulungiswa usebenza phezu izindawo ezinkulu senziwa ngaphambi atshale.

Yiziphi izithako?

Sapropels kungenzeka banezizinda ezihlukahlukene, kodwa inquma asidi, degree of ezilamatshe aligugu kanye nokuqukethwe ambalwa izakhi kanye udaba eziphilayo.

Sapropel inezingxenye ezimbili - amaminerali kanye organic. Ikhishwa ezindaweni ezahlukene, it has a isilinganiso ezingafani ezisetshenziswa yila mazwe, futhi amakhemikhali ukwakheka. Kuye ngendaba okuqukethwe organic, sapropel njengo manyolo kungaba:

• aligugu amanengi;
• amaminerali kanye organic;
• Organo;
• organic.

Ukwakheka eziphilayo ososayensi sapropel wathola izinto hhayi kuphela humic futhi eziphila abakhuthele, amino acid, biostimulants ukukhula, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene amavithamini. Le ngxenye amaminerali iqukethe micro- futhi macronutrients.

It usebenza noma cha?

On izinkundla eziningi anikezelwe ukulima futhi ingadi, kungatholakala mayelana sapropel ukubuyekezwa, uma sikubeka kahle, hhayi omuhle kakhulu. Nokho, kukhona labo ngemva kokufunda kuzo isifiso ukuthola esitolo uthenge lokhu Umanyolo emangalisayo. Yin'indaba, kungani umehluko? Ngemva kokufunda nekuhlatiya idatha, singaphetha ngokuthi ukubuyekezwa ezimbi balimi ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne ukuthenga inkohliso, mbumbulu "ngaphansi sapropel."

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi yini luyokhula ensimini, okuyinto wabeka izigaxa osindayo ezinye izidakamizwa efana nobumba, ne iphunga lokukhunta ka emaxhaphozini futhi grey ansundu ngombala ukusaphazela ubumba abomvu. Kuleso simo, uma uthenga bayaqiniseka ukuthi ncamashi ubukeka sapropel njengendlela Umanyolo - wena bekhohliswa. Endabeni engcono, kuba - ongaziwa Echibini daka kusuka phansi nge Ukwakheka eziyinqaba, kunokuba Umanyolo zemvelo ewusizo.

Eqinisweni sapropel libukeka powder grey-bluish umbala libukeka umlotha, kuphela izinhlayiya emikhulu. Namuhla kukhishelwa ngefomu onomfutho (zithutha noma briquettes) sapropel. Izibuyekezo akhayo nomdlandla exhunywe ne ezifana misela futhi kusetshenzwe nomanyolo ngokuphakeme ezimbonini.

Indlela yokufaka isicelo Umanyolo?

Ukuthuthukisa mechanical isakhiwo kwenhlabathi, okwandisa umthamo amanzi awo kanye aeration - konke mayelana sapropel. Indlela isicelo kwezitshalo It kuncike hlobo inhlabathi, kodwa ukuthuthukisa izici ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ekwindla zimba iyiphi inhlabathi.

Ngakho, calcareous sapropel ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni kafulawa dolomite ukunciphisa izinga asidi kwenhlabathi. I-calcium, okuyinto kule Umanyolo, futhi neutralizes inhlabathi acid ahlanganiswe izinto eziphilayo nokumbiwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sapropel kungenziwa umquba noma umquba liquid, composted noma ezihlangene imfucuza ahlukahlukene wezinto ezingaphili futhi organic. Ukungeza sapropel Umanyolo kusiza ahlanze inhlabathi nezilwanyana ezincane ezihlukahlukene pathogenic futhi izitshalo.

Lokhu Umanyolo angathuthukisa indlela yokwakheka inhlabathi zokutshala, ukuxuba 1:10 inhlabathi evamile. Uma wenza sapropel emgodini ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo noma izithombo, zingabantu kulula umile izimpande Maduze uzothatha ekukhuleni.

Phakathi ensimini futhi laboratory ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi isivuno izitshalo kakhulu ngemva isicelo ka sapropel enhlabathini kwandisa izikhathi eziningana.