Russian Nuclear Imboni: Imboni, izinkomba main kanye nemisebenzi

Njengoba kokuqala ngo-1954 emzini Obninsk, amandla isitshalo wokuqala emhlabeni ezisebenza zamandla uranium isotopes, iqala umlando wakhe we umkhakha zenuzi. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba inani amandla enuzi kuya phezulu kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka kuyoba hhayi ngaphansi kuka-25% igezi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa ngeshwa, ngenxa ababelimele ezingozini ezimbi kakhulu, kuhlanganise eChernobyl ngonyaka ka-2000 esebenzisa uphethiloli yenuzi iye saveza% 6 kuphela ugesi emhlabeni.

Nokho, naphezu kahle kakhulu embonini bakha izindawo ezimbalwa. Akulesi a ukubaluleka okukhulu kule mikhakha yezomnotho, ukuzivikela kanye yezimboni emazweni amaningi.

Inhlangano ye umkhakha yenuzi

Isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye leminyaka nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji zenuzi eRussia kwamiswa ezine eziyinhloko, kuhlangene nezinye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamunye kuyisayensi nakwezezimboni:

1. Amandla. Ophethe izimayini, sitfutfukise lwati kubafundzi lokutimele ekukhiciteni fuel zenuzi, ukudalwa amabhizinisi ezindaweni ezifana amandla enuzi, umkhakha, umkhakha zenuzi.
2. Izikhali. INdikimba Ebusayo iqondisa ukusebenza ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa ezinhlobo entsha kwezikhali zenuzi.
3. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukuphepha. It ihlose ukuvikela nesizukulwana esizayo kusuka emiphumeleni elimazayo ionizing emisebeni.
4. imithi Nuclear. Ufaka amalungiselelo radionuclide ku ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo.

Futhi kule mboni enuzi kanye kuhlanganisa ucwaningo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto waziphatha ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi lokubalulekile osetshenziswayo e wesayensi yenuzi futhi ophihliza iqhwa yenuzi imikhumbi. Okwamanje, umkhakha zenuzi Russian kuhlanganisa izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-250. umsebenzi Its main - ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ubuchwepheshe enuzi ezintweni ezingahlangene nempi.

amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ngenxa uxhumano kwetheksthi umkhakha enuzi kanye nokuvikeleka yezwe, bonke amandla bagxila ezandleni State Corporation "Rosatom". It wayengadlali owayephezu ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukuthunyelwa ubuchwepheshe zenuzi mkhakha womsebenzi womuntu. Uranium limbiwa ikakhulukazi Kazakhstan. Imboni zenuzi uhlela ukwandisa kwemingcele yayo, futhi ubambisane kwamanye amazwe - Namibia, Armenia, eCanada.

Uranium nokunonophala ukwenza ngezigaba ezine okuhlangene isitokwe, nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi fuel zenuzi enkulu inkampani "TVEL", esinikela zonke 10 ezisebenza izitshalo amandla enuzi eRussia, kanye 17% azo zonke izitshalo ngamandla enuzi emhlabeni.

Izikhali Zenuzi Complex

Enterprises zenuzi eziyinkimbinkimbi akuzona izingxenyana ehlukile umkhakha ukuzivikela yeRussia. Basebenza eduze nakwezinye izinhlangano, ezihlanganisa izinkampani civil. I abathengi eyinhloko ukukhiqizwa amandla enuzi kulo mkhakha yiwona ujantshi, yezimoto kanye uwoyela negesi umkhakha.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko NWC, ehlanganisa umkhakha zenuzi, ofeza inqubomgomo ekulondolozeni izikhali zenuzi - ukuvikelwa insimu kanye izakhamuzi zezwe kwezikhali zenuzi kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yale njongo, eyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa zenuzi izikhungo eziningana sikahulumeni.

Kushisa bhé kule ndawo Ukuphepha Complex

Ukuvikela kubantu nasemvelweni kusuka njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye - i wumgomo engaguquki "Rosatom".

Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa nezinkampani eziningi, okuyinto minyaka yonke esenqumile ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ephephile wamabhizinisi ekhona umkhakha zenuzi. amaphrojekthi ukuze kuvikeleke Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo, izenzo zobuphekula, kanye imvelo emisebeni lapha achazwayo futhi ezisebenzayo.
• Ukulahlwa kwezinto wachitha fuel izinsalela, kanye nokuqedwa izindawo agugile "Atomic Project" be-USSR.

Minyaka yonke ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga embonini zenuzi uthola ruble engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-150.

imithi enuzi

Ngokubambisana namakhamphani Federal Biomedical Agency wadala imithi eziyinkimbinkimbi zenuzi, okuzoba ezizimele ngokuphelele. Usumisiwe-isikhungo PET (positron ekushayweni tomography) imishini okuzokwenza ukuhlonza kusaqalwa ukuthuthukiswa isimila, Ukudlulela kanye izilonda sokugembula.

Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa laboratories ukuthi edamu isotopes nokulawula izinga, kanye ngqo nezikhungo zezokwelapha, lapho ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kweziguli.

enunzi semi- ezimpilweni zethu. Manje ezweni kule ndawo kuhlala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 190. Man. Futhi akumangalisi ukuthi lesi senzo sikahulumeni kuchazwa usuku ikhalenda - 28 Septhemba, okuyinto isisebenzi umkhakha zenuzi angabhekwa iholide babo bomsebenzi.