Pupillary reflex nezibonakaliso kokunqotshwa

Amehlo zingumzimba kwetfulwe kubalulekile ukusebenza evamile umzimba futhi nokwanelisayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko - bezibona ezishukumisa ukukhanya, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhona isithombe.

izici kwesakhiwo

Kuyinto neuropathy uhlaka emehlweni e umgodi ekhethekile Yekhanda, ethiwa emzileni. C. singatsheki ezungezwe imisipha iso, ngalo Kunenkolelo futhi zayiswa. Eye inezingxenye eziningana:

1. Ngokushesha inhlamvu yeso, okuyinto has simise eyindilinga mayelana 24 mm ubukhulu. Siqukethe Vitreous, lens, namahlaya aqueous. Konke lokhu lizungezwe ulwelwesi ezintathu: amaprotheni, anezikhala semithambo futhi wahlela oda reverse. Elements, sibonga ngalo uphendulela isithombe, etholakala kuyi-retina. Lezo zinto la mangqamuzana ukuthi nozwelo ukukhanya kukhona;
2. lesivikelo, esakhiwa Isivalo engenhla nengezansi, iso isokhethi;
3. Adnexa. Izingxenye ezisemqoka kukhona indlala lacrimal kanye Amapayipi yayo;
4. uhlelo Oculomotor, okuyinto unomthwalo ukuhamba yeso futhi yakhiwa imisipha;
5. emsipheni optic.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ezenziwa umbono - umahluko ophakathi kwala nezakhi ezihlukene ngokomzimba lezinto, ezifana ukukhanya, umbala, ijamo, ubungako. Ngokuhlanganyela isinyathelo nezinye analyzers (ukuzwa, ukuhogela, njll) ikuvumela ukuba alawule isikhundla umzimba emkhathini, kodwa futhi ukunquma ibanga into. Yingakho nokuvinjelwa kwezifo iso kumele kwenziwe njalo enviable.

EBukhoneni pupillary reflex

Phakathi operation evamile iso, ngaphansi ukusabela ezithile zangaphandle zenzeka kangaka okuthiwa pupillary ikhaliphe, lapho umfundi is ayisesemikhulu noma wandisa. Pupillary reflex, arc reflex okungukuthi substrate yokwakheka ukusabela umfundi ubufakazi ekukhanyeni impilo yamehlo futhi wonke umzimba. Yingakho kwezinye izifo udokotela into yokuqala e amasheke lokhu reflex.

Kuyini ukusabela?

Umfundi ukuphendula, noma okuthiwa pupillary reflex (amanye amagama - reflex raduzhkovy, iritichesky reflex) kuyinto ushintsho oluthile izilinganiso komugqa Umfundi iso. Umkhawulo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukusikwa iris imisipha, futhi inqubo reverse - ukuphumula - kuholela ukunwetshwa umfundi.

izimbangela

Ubizwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela abanye ezintweni reflex, eziningi zazo ubhekwa izinguquko ezingeni kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba Isikhala ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko usayizi umfundi singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• isinyathelo kwezinye izidakamizwa. Yingakho bajwayele njengoba indlela ekuxilongweni isimo ukweqisa izidakamizwa yemithi yezokwelapha noma ukubulawa kwezinzwa ukujula ngokweqile;
• kabusha izinto eziza kuqala umbono lomuntu;
• ukuklabalasa okungokomzwelo, kokubili ezimbi futhi okuhle ngokulinganayo.

Uma kungekho mpendulo

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukusabela umfundi ukukhanya kungase kubonise ahlukene zabantu ngubani bayingozi empilweni futhi zidinga ngokushesha kokungenela Ochwepheshe.

Isikimu pupillary reflex

Imisipha ezilawula ukusebenza kwe-umfundi kungayithinta kalula ukubaluleka kwayo uma bengena umfutho ezithile kusuka ngaphandle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ulungise inflow yokukhanya okuyinto ku iso ingena ngqo. Uma isihlangu iso elangeni engenayo, bese uyivule, umfundi, okuyinto pre-enwetshiwe ebumnyameni, kanye encishisiwe ngobukhulu lapho ukukhanya. Pupillary reflex, arc reflex ukuthi iqala retina, kubonisa ukusebenza evamile umzimba.

Iris has izinhlobo ezimbili imisipha. Elinye iqembu kuyinto annular imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Innervating Imicu yotshani parasympathetic we emsipheni optic. Lapho le misipha inkontileka, le nqubo kubangela constriction we umfundi. Elinye iqembu unesibopho ukunwetshwa umfundi. Kuhlanganisa osabalalayo imisipha Imicu yotshani zazo innervated ngu nezinzwa nozwela.

Pupillary reflex wesifunda kuyinto ngempela ejwayelekile, ngendlela elandelayo. Ukukhanya sidlula izingqimba esweni futhi refracted therein uwela ngqo kuyi-retina. Photoreceptors, okuyinto zitholakala lapha, kulesi simo, kungukuqala reflex. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu yilapho indlela iqala futhi pupillary reflex. Innervation we izinzwa parasympathetic nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-sphincter esweni, kanye arc pupillary reflex kuhlanganisa ke ukubunjwa yayo. Inqubo ngokwaso ubizwa ngokuthi ingalo efferent. Kukhona isikhungo okuthiwa we reflex pupillary, ngemva kwalokho imizwa ehlukahlukene nokushintsha indlela yabo: abanye babo badlulela ngokusebenzisa isiqu ngobuchopho ingxenye isokhethi iso ngokusebenzisa slot phezulu, nezinye - kuya sphincter we umfundi. Kuleli endleleni uphela. Yileyo reflex pupillary ivaliwe. Ukungabikho ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela kungase kubonise noma yikuphi ukuphulwa zomzimba womuntu, okuyinto kungani inamathela khulu.

Pupillary reflex nezibonakaliso kokunqotshwa

Ocwaningweni le reflex is kunakwe izici eziningana ukusabela:

• Inani constriction we umfundi;
• balolonge;
• ukufana ukusabela;
• ukuhamba abafundi.

Kukhona pathologies eziningana ethandwa kakhulu esikisela ukuthi accommodative pupillary ikhaliphe futhi ephazamisekile, okubonisa ukuthi eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa emzimbeni:

• baxhashazwe Amavroticheskaya balezi zingane. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ukushonelwa ukusabela phambili uma zikhanyiswa abakuboni bese ukuphendula nobungane izinkinga umbono uma ningagcini. Izizathu ngokuvamile izifo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu retina futhi indlela ezibukwayo. Uma baxhashazwe sohlangothi olulodwa kuwumphumela amaurosis (izilonda ngwengwzi), futhi kuhlangene ukunwetshwa umfundi, nakuba amancane, kukhona kungenzeka anisocoria (abafundi kukhona letingemasayizi lahlukene). Lapho ufa nezinye pupillary ukuphendula ngeke kuze kuthinteke. Uma amaurosis eba nhlangothi zombili (ie, kokubili amehlo iyathinteka ngesikhathi esifanayo), abafundi ungathathi ngamawala, ngisho lapho zihlatshwa yelanga kudluliselwa, okungukuthi, reflex pupillary engekho nhlobo.
• Olunye uhlobo amavroticheskoy baxhashazwe balezi zingane - gemianopicheskaya baxhashazwe we umfundi. Mhlawumbe kukhona kokunqotshwa ipheshana optic, okuyinto kuhambisana hemianopsia, ie ingxenye izimpumputhe zasendle ezibukwayo, okuyinto esashiwo engekho reflex pupillary kuzo zombili amehlo.

• Robertson baxhashazwe reflex noma syndrome. Ihlala ngokungabi bikho ephelele kokubili ukusabela eqondile friendly kwebafundzi. Nokho, ngokungafani uhlobo odlule ukunqotshwa, ngesikhathi convergence impendulo (constriction balezi zingane uma kwenzeka ukuthi Gaze igxile iphuzu othize) kanye yokuhlala (ezishintshashintshayo zangaphandle lapho kukhona umuntu) is kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe. Lokhu uphawu kubangelwa yokuthi izinguquko ezenzeka ekusithekeni parasympathetic amehlo innervartsii lapho kukhona ukubhujiswa nucleus parasympathetic, Imicu yotshani yayo. Lesi sifo kungase kubonise khona ezinzima ugcunsula esiteji isimiso sezinzwa, akuvamile ibika encephalitis syndrome, ebuchosheni (okungukuthi, emilenzeni), kanye kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni.

• baxhashazwe Absolute noma ephelele umfundi (okungukuthi, it is hhayi ayisesemikhulu, futhi akusho ukwandisa nhlobo). Lapho kuvezwa wokukhanya imisebe umfundi ngomshini bengekho bobabili impendulo eqondile friendly kuya umfutho. Ukuthuthukisa ukusabela okunjalo akukhona ngokushesha, kodwa kancane kancane. Njengomthetho, kuthathela ukuhlukumeza ka bokuphila pupillary ukusabela - mydriasis (Umfundi Ukuvuleka komlomo), ukungabi ukuhamba abafundi.

Izizathu ingase ibe ukuvuvukala nucleus, emgogodleni noma isiqu emsipheni obhekene ukunyakaza iso, focus emzimbeni ciliary, izimila, abscesses posterior nezinzwa ciliary.