Pon-ubuchwepheshe - yokwenziwa inethiwekhi optical

Ukunwetshwa amasevisi umthengi Inthanethi izilaleli, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzisi broadband kudinga ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha. zokuxhumana nge- data ngikuvuse njalo anoma imigqa, okwenza izinkampani i-update service iziteshi ulwazi traffic. Kodwa ngaphandle ukukhula ukuthumela idatha zenzeka nezinkinga owehluke, okuyinto uboniswe ukwanda enkonzweni izindleko zokuxhumana omkhulu kakhudlwana futhi bandise izidingo umsebenzisi. Enye indlela iwukuba nokwandisa inani ukusebenza uhlelo Pon-yobuchwepheshe, okuyinto futhi likuvumela ukuthi kubuyise amandla amanethiwekhi ithuba lokuba sandise umthamo wabo nokusebenza.

fibre Optical kanye Pon ubuchwepheshe

Ukuthuthukiswa entsha kusiza inhlangano lobuchwepheshe kanye ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ukuthumela idatha Imininingwane amanethiwekhi, kodwa lokhu kufinyelelwa kubangelwe izinzuzo evamile izixhumanisi optical. Ngisho nanamuhla, ku isizinda ukwethulwa zobuchwepheshe izinto nokuqhubeka komuntu ezisebenzisa kweziteshi owakhelwe phezu ukuguga ngocingo ngazimbili kanye esebenzisa XDSL. Ngokusobala, ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kuletincenye ngokuyisisekelo ilahlekelwa e kahle fibre-coaxial imigqa, nakho kungaba kungathathwa njengesigwebo okuthile okuzuzisayo ngezindinganiso namuhla.

Enye kumanethiwekhi bendabuko futhi wireless imigudu yokuxhumana Sekuyisikhathi eside wakhuthaza i fibre optical. Kodwa uma ngaphambi kubekwa izintambo kwaba umsebenzi onzima ukuze izinhlangano eziningi, namhlanje optical izingxenye babé kufinyeleleke kakhulu. Empeleni, ngaphambi fibre elasetshenziselwa nokugcinwa amakhasimende abavamile, kuhlanganise i-Ethernet. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa ezokuxhumana inethiwekhi okusekelwe Micro-SDH izakhiwo, kwavulela abantu ukuba baqale izixazululo uhlobo olusha obelungekho. Ngaso nje lesi simiso futhi wathola ukusebenzisa kwayo nomqondo Pon amanethiwekhi.

inethiwekhi Standardization

Imizamo yokuqala elifanele ubuchwepheshe Kuye kwenziwa 1990, lapho iqembu nezinkampani zokuxhumana wazibuza umqondo ukuqaphela practice umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi olulodwa ukufinyelela amaningi yokwenziwa fibre optical. Ngenxa yalokho, le nhlangano iye okuthiwa FSAN, ngokuhlanganisa no opharetha, ukuthumela futhi abakhiqizi imishini inethiwekhi. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba ukudala futhi FSAN iphakethe nemihlahlandlela jikelele nezimfuneko ukuthuthukisa Pon hardware abakhiqizi imishini kanye nabahlinzeki angasebenza ndawonye ingxenye efanayo. Kuze kube manje, isixhumanisi yokwenziwa, esekelwe ubuchwepheshe Pon, ihlelwe ngokuhambisana ITU-T amazinga, ATM ETSI.

Isimiso yezenzo inethiwekhi

Isici esiyinhloko Pon Umqondo wukuthi ingqalasizinda kusekelwe module elilodwa unesibopho idatha ukuwudlulisa reception imisebenzi. Le ngxenye Itholakala Olt kohlelo futhi ivumela engeyokuqala emaphakathi ukukhonza sebuningini ababhalisile kolwazi ageleza. I-apharathasi ekupheleni umamukeli wenza ont, okuyinto yena, uba Lidlulisela. Isibalo iziteshi zokubhalisa exhunywe kwi-central module eyamukelayo bese bedlulisela, kuncike amandla esiphezulu Isivinini imishini esetshenziswa Pon kuphela. Ubuchwepheshe, isimiso, akusho kukhawulwe inani labamba iqhaza inethiwekhi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa elikhulu amaphrojekthi zokuxhumana ngocingo, onjiniyela namanje ukubeka izithiyo ezithile ngokuhambisana ukucushwa kwe inethiwekhi ethize. Yokusakaza Imininingwane ukugeleza kusukela maphakathi eyamukelayo-okuxhunyanwa iyunithi iyunithi zokubhalisa olwenziwa isakhi wavelength ka 1550 NM. Ngokuphambene, ukubuyela emuva idatha ukugeleza kusukela kumadivayisi umthengi kuya Olt adluliswa ngaso inamandla ka 1310 NM. Lezi notshwala kufanele kubhekwe eceleni.

Phambili futhi ukugeleza reverse

The main (ie ngqo) ukugeleza kusukela maphakathi inethiwekhi module libhekisela kokusakaza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-optical umugqa ingxenye jikelele ukugeleza idatha, ukugqamisa zekheli. Ngakho, zokubhalisa iyunithi ngayinye "ifundeka ngokuthi" ulwazi kuphela senzelwe kuye. Okunjalo ukusatshalaliswa idatha isimiso kusengathiwa demultipleksornym.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, reverse ageleze usebenzisa umugqa owodwa ukusakaza idatha kubo bonke ababhalisile ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi. Njengoba uhlelo multiple ukufinyelela isikhathi division. Ukuze ususe ematfuba amasignali Ukunqamula esuka amaningi idatha abamukelayo kudivayisi ngalinye zokubhalisa node ine lwezikhathi ngakunye exchange of idatha kushintshwe ngokuthatha isikhathi eside. Lena isimiso jikelele ukuthi yaqaphela ubuchwepheshe Pon, ngokuya nokuxhumana umamukeli-Lidlulisela module nabasebenzisi ekupheleni. Nokho, amanethiwekhi Ukulungiselelwa wesifunda ungaba topologies ezahlukene.

Topology, "Khomba Khomba"

Kulokhu, uhlelo P2P ezingase kwenziwe amazinga ajwayelekile, futhi yezinhlelo ezikhethekile ezihilela, isibonelo, ukusebenza kumadivayisi we-optical. Ukulondeka idatha zokubhalisa amachashazi noxhumano lwe-Inthanethi yale hlobo inikeza isivikelo esiphezulu kungenzeka amanethiwekhi enjalo. Kodwa laying line optical somsebenzisi ngamunye wenziwa eceleni, ngakho izindleko ukuhlela iziteshi ezifana kwandisa kakhulu. Ngandlela-thile, lokhu akuyona ovamile, kodwa inethiwekhi ngabanye, nakuba isikhungo, nesebenzela isikhokhelo iyunithi banganikela abanye abasebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela kufanelekile yini ababhalisile esikhulu entanjeni yokuphepha kubaluleke ngokukhethekile.

Topology "indandatho"

Leli cebo kusekelwe SDH ukucushwa futhi kuvezwe kahle amanethiwekhi backbone. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-optic indandatho uhlobo mancane ngempumelelo ekuqhubeni ukufinyelela amanethiwekhi. Ngakho, enhlanganweni lomuzi onguthelawayeka ukuma ISIZINDA ibalwa ngisho at esigabeni design, kodwa ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi zikwenza ukuhlola kusengaphambili inani zokubhalisa amayunithi.

Kuncike okungahleliwe uxhumano yesikhashana futhi kwezendawo ababhalisile indandatho wesifunda kungenziwa kakhulu lukhuni. Ekusebenteni, ukulungiselelwa ezinjalo zivame ukubangela ukuqhuma jikisa wesifunda ngobugebengu kokuba sebuningini amagatsha. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ukwethulwa ababhalisile abasha wenziwa ngokusebenzisa izingxenye igebe ekhona. Ngokwesibonelo, isixhumanisi kungenzeka kwakhiwa izihibe okuyinto ahambelana line eyodwa. Umphumela 'ephukile "izintambo ukuthi ngesikhathi operation kunciphisa ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule EPON izakhiwo

Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha inethiwekhi Pon ngoba eseduze Ukusabalala abathengi ukuba nobuchwepheshe-Ethernet, enziwa 2000, ipulatifomu ukuthuthukiswa izimiso kumiswa amanethiwekhi isibe sesakhiwo EPON, futhi njengoba izinga main laqanjwa sebhithi IEEE, okusekelwe kuwo izinqumo ngazinye lenhlangano ezakhiwa amanethiwekhi Pon. EFMC ubuchwepheshe, isibonelo, yomphindwa serviced "iphuzu ukuze ukhombe" esebenzisa ezisontekile ngazimbili zethusi. Kodwa namuhla, lesi simiso acishe never esisetshenziswe ngokuqondene naleli kwathatha fibre. Njengoba enye, izindawo ethembisa ngaphezulu namanje ADSL ubuchwepheshe-based.

Esikhathini yesimanje uhlobo ejwayelekile EPON lwenteke banakekele izifunda eziningana, kodwa isimo eyinhloko embodiments salo ukusetshenziswa imicu. Ngaphezu ukusetshenziswa ukucupha ezahlukene ku EPON Pon ejwayelekile lwenethiwekhi ubuchwepheshe futhi inikeza ikhono lokusebenzisa izinguqulo ezithile ama-transceivers optical.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule GPON izakhiwo

GPON izakhiwo ivumela ukuze lelisu ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi esekelwe APON ejwayelekile. Ngokuhamba ingqalasizinda umkhuba senhlangano okwandayo bandwidths inethiwekhi, kanye ukudala izimo ngoba ukudluliswa kwezicelo iyashelela. GPON kuyinto uyakaleka Uhlaka isakhiwo evumela Imininingwane ukukhonza ababhalisile e ukugeleza amazinga afika ku 2.5 Gbit / c. ukuhlanekezela Ngakho kanye notshwala oqondile ongasebenza phezu ehlukile isivinini izindlela ezifanayo noma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e GPON ukucushwa ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kunganikela uhlinzeke nganoma imiphi encapsulation ibe olandelwayo ezokuthutha kungakhathaliseki inkonzo undiza. Uma SDH kungenziwa igcwaliseke division kuphela static bands, entsha GPON olandelwayo GFP isakhiwo ebe egcina izici SDH Uhlaka futhi ivumela ukwabiwa ashukumisayo bands.

Izinzuzo ubuchwepheshe

Phakathi izinzuzo main imicu optical e Isikimu Pon ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana akukho izixhumanisi Lesisemkhatsini phakathi Lidlulisela emaphakathi futhi isamukeli-zokubhalisa, umnotho, kalula uxhumano futhi ukuseviswa. Ngokwezinga elikhulu lezi zinzuzo kubangelwa inhlangano okunengqondo amanethiwekhi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Internet uxhumano inikezwa ngqo, ngakho ukwehluleka omunye eduze zokubhalisa amayunithi akuphazamisi ukusebenza kwayo. Nakuba amalungu afanayo wabasebenzisi, yebo, uxhumano ehlangana eyodwa emaphakathi, lapho enquma izinga lenkonzo yabo bonke ingqalasizinda abahlanganyeli. Kufanele sicabangele P2MP isihlahla yomphindwa, okuyinto elungiselelwe kakhulu iziteshi optical. Lokhu kulungiselela inikeza ukusebenza inethiwekhi kungakhathaliseki indawo zokubhalisa ISIZINDA Ngenxa ukonga ukusatshalaliswa imigqa ethola futhi ngokudlulisa ulwazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo avunyelwe ukwethulwa abasebenzisi abasha ngaphandle izinguquko ezinkulu isakhiwo ekhona.

Nemibi Pon inethiwekhi

isicelo Wide lobu buchwepheshe namanje kancane kuvimbela eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yinkimbinkimbi uhlelo. Izinzuzo okusebenza kwe lolu hlobo inethiwekhi kungase kuhlinzekwe kuphela uma kokuqala izinga ukukhishwa design ucabangela umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi lobuchwepheshe. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela yokuphuma iba ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe Pon ohlinzekela inhlangano kohlelo elula typological. Kodwa kulokhu kubalulekile ukuba balungiselele amanye amaphutha - yokuntuleka izici komsebenzi.

ukuhlola inethiwekhi

Lapho zonke izigaba ukuthuthukiswa inethiwekhi wesifunda eyinhloko lidlule futhi iqaliswe enama, izazi ziqala ukuba ukuhlolwa ingqalasizinda. Omunye izinkomba main of inethiwekhi wenziwa qualitatively ulinganise attenuation emgqeni. Ukuze isiteshi kokuhlahlela khona yabahloli optical esetshenziswa esishintshashintshayo eziyinkinga. Zonke izilinganiso zenziwa emigceni asebenzayo usebenzisa multiplexers nokuhlunga. Scale ezokuxhumana inethiwekhi ngokuvamile ihlolwe besebenzisa OTDR. Kodwa lezi zinto kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile abasebenzisi, ingasaphathwa yokuthi iminonjana sokuqonda kufanele bahlanganyele amaqembu uchwepheshe.

isiphetho

Ngisho naphezu kobunzima e ushintsho izinkampani ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuhlinzeka nezinsiza zokuxhumana ukuze, basheshe bafunde izixazululo abaphumelela ngempela. Kancane kancane wawuvula futhi kunzima lobuchwepheshe ukusebenza fibre optic izinhlelo, okuhlanganisa Pon ubuchwepheshe. "Rostelecom", isibonelo, Yaqala amasevisi amaningi ukuze ngefomethi entsha ngo-2013 Ukufinyelela amakhono amanethiwekhi optical Pon wokuqala ukuthola izakhamuzi Leningrad esifundeni. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, umnikeli wemisebenzi yezehlalakuhle uye wanikeza ingqalasizinda fiber-optic, ngisho emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo. In practice, lokhu kuzovumela ababhalisile ukujabulela hhayi kuphela ucingo kanye ne-internet, kodwa futhi ukuxhuma digital ithelevishini yezokusakaza.