Physics. ukunyakaza esisheshayo semvelo ubuciko

Jet Propulsion imvelo nobuchwepheshe - Kuyaziwa kakhulu. Emvelweni, kwenzeka lapho omunye ingxenye yomzimba sihlukaniswe ngokuqukethwe isivinini ethile kusukela kwenye ingxenye. Kulesi amandla ukuphendula livela ngaphandle ukuxhumana umzimba ngemizimba zangaphandle.

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini sengozini, kungcono ubheke izibonelo. Izibonelo ukunyakaza esisheshayo ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe baningi. Okokuqala, sizobe ukukhuluma kanjani usetshenziswa izilwane, futhi kungenzeka kanjani-ke isicelo art.

Medusa, uzekamanzi izibungu, plankton futhi mollusk

Abaningi, ebhukuda olwandle, wahlangana jellyfish. Ngo oLwandle Olumnyama ke, noma kunjalo, ngokwanele. Nokho, akubona bonke bacabanga ukuthi ukuhambisa jellyfish nje usebenzisa jet ngamandla. Indlela efanayo Sokuzivikela futhi izibungu ojekamanzi, kanye abanye abameleli plankton zasolwandle. Nekusebenta ezilwane ezingenamgogodla izilwane zasolwandle ukuthi ulisebenzise ngokuvamile ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho ezisunguliwe lobuchwepheshe.

mollusk Abaningi ukuhambisa isithakazelo sethu indlela. Njengoba isibonelo, cuttlefish, i-squid, ingwane. Ikakhulukazi, imbaza, i-scallop bakwazi phambili, usebenzisa jet wamanzi, okuyinto akhishwe echibini lapho ibhande lakhe kakhulu shwabanisa.

Futhi nje izibonelo ezimbalwa ezivela yokuphila kwezwe isilwane, okungaveza ekwembuleni kwengqikithi ethi: ". Jet ngamandla ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe"

Indlela ukuhambisa cuttlefish

ezithakazelisayo kule ndaba, futhi cuttlefish kakhulu. Njengezilwane eziningi cephalopods, ihamba emanzini, usebenzisa indlela elandelayo. Ngokusebenzisa uphondo ekhethekile etholakala ngaphambi umzimba, kanye ngokusebenzisa lateral umqhewu cuttlefish adonsa amanzi ku gill yayo ingaphakathi. Wabe Ufaka wakhe ngamandla ngokusebenzisa uphondo. Cuttlefish tube uphondo uqondisa nasemuva noma emaceleni. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kuleli cala bangase kwenziwe bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene.

Indlela esebenzisa salpa

Enelukuluku futhi indlela osebenzisa salpa. Ngakho ngokuthi ulwandle isilwane ukuthi unomzimba okusobala. Salpa adonsa amanzi uma ushayela usebenzisa phambi ukuvulwa. Amanzi umgodi ububanzi, futhi ngaphakathi kuwo bekulokhu ahlelwe ngokuphambeneyo zokuphefumula. Umgodi ivaliwe lapho salpa kwenza isiphuzo olukhulu lwamanzi. transverse sayo kanye nemisipha longitudinal inkontileka, sihlehlela wonke umzimba sesilwane. Ngembobo ezingemuva amanzi bephushelwa kwangaphandle. Isilwane iphokophele phambili sibonga ukusabela okuholela jet.

Squids - "torpedoes bukhoma"

Inzalo enkulu, mhlawumbe, injini jet, elisemnyango squid. Lesi silwane kubhekwa omele ebaluleke kakhulu zinhlobo ezilwane ezingenamgogodla at enkulu kolwandle. I esisheshayo navigation squid ufike kuleli ukuphelela. Ngisho nendikimba yezithunjwa isilwane sifana rocket ne mafomu zangaphandle. Kunalokho, amakhophi squid rocket, njengoba ongowakhe igunya ongenambangi kule ndaba. Uma udinga ukuhambisa kancane, lesi silwane isebenzisa kwalokhu fin ezinkulu okwedayimane ukuthi uzimisele ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma udzinga nokujikijela okusheshayo ukusiza injini jet.

Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi umzimba silwanyana ozungezayo isiphuku - ijwabu kwemisipha. Cishe isigamu umthamo isamba umzimba sesilwane ukuba ingaphakathi yayo ivolumu. Squid isebenzisa isiphuku ingaphakathi nokuhamba, oncela amanzi ngaphakathi kuso. Wabe ngokucijile Ufaka uyithayiphe yamanzi ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho emincane. Ngenxa yalokho, enaka e jerks emuva ngesivinini esikhulu. Kulokhu, squid unezela zonke tentacles yayo 10 phezu kuyunithi lakho ukuthola umumo ovikelekile. Njengengxenye umlomo wombhobho linanomgudu ekhethekile, futhi imisipha wesilwane kungaba usijikeleze. Ngaleyo ndlela ekushintsheni yekuhambisa sandla.

Umxhwele isivinini squid

Mangisho ukuthi injini squid kuyinto ukonga kakhulu. Speed, okuyinto ke uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa, ongafinyelela 60-70 km / h. Abanye abacwaningi baye waze ngisho wasikisela nokuthi kungase kube ngu-150 km / h. Njengoba ubona, squid akusilo ize ngokuthi "torpedo bukhoma". Kungaba ajikelezwe ohlangothini oyifunayo, eguqa phansi, phezulu, kwesokunxele, noma ihambe kwesokudla eligoqiwe uvumelanise.

Njengoba ilawula ukuhamba squid

Njengoba eqhathaniswa ngobukhulu besikhumba saleso silwane kuyinto isondo elikhulu kakhulu, ukuze i-squid lalingabulawa kalula ugweme ukungqubuzana isithiyo, ngisho ehamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, sidinga kuphela ukunyakaza okuncane ngaphansi amasondo ayo. Uma ujike ngokucijile, isilwane ngokushesha ukusheshe kolunye uhlangothi. Kalmar egoba emuva ekupheleni uphondo futhi ngenxa yalokho angase abe kwislaydi headfirst. Uma vygnet ke kwesokudla, bayohamba kwesobunxele jet wagxila. Nokho, lapho kudingeka uhambe ngokushesha, uphondo ilungile njalo phakathi ihambe. Lesi silwane, kulokhu umsila odlula phambili efana umdlavuza run-umgijimi, uma waba lobubhalo ihhashi.

Esimeni lapho kudingeka hhayi rush squids futhi cuttlefish bhukuda unduliruya lapho amaphiko. Phambili kuya emuva qhaqha wave miniature ke. Squid futhi cuttlefish glide kamnandi. Bathi nje ngezikhathi ezithile ephukile kwamanzi agobhozayo, okuyinto ulahlwa ngaphandle kusukela ngaphansi izembatho zabo. uhlevane ngamunye ukuthi mollusc uthola ukuqhuma amanzi Jets, e zikhathi kuyabonakala.

Flying squid

Ezinye cephalopods bayakwazi ukusheshisa kuze kufinyelele 55 km / h. Akekho lokhu kubonakala kungenangqondo ngempela izilinganiso ngqo, kodwa le nombolo sikwazi ukushayela okusekelwe ibanga nesivinini ezindizayo squid. It kuvela ukuthi kukhona anjalo. Kalmar stenotevtis Ngiloyo kunazo zonke-shellfish. amatilosi IsiZulu ukuyibiza flying squid (squid Flying). Lesi silwane, isithombe okuyinto uvezwa okungenhla, yayincane, cishe inhlanzi. Yena wasuka ngokushesha olandela izinhlanzi ngokuvamile siphuma amanzi kuphunywa by umcibisholo ngenhla ubuso bayo. iqhinga okunjalo lisebenzisa futhi uma sisongelwa uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi - tuna kanye mackerel. Thuthukisa esiphezulu torque engu ukuphendula ingalo emanzini, squid iqala emoyeni bese izimpukane amamitha angaphezu kuka-50 phezu kwamagagasi. Kulokhu, lo apogee indiza yayo uphakeme kakhulu kangangokuthi ngokuvamile flying squid hit imikhumbi emphemeni. Ukuphakama 4-5 amamitha ngabo - hhayi irekhodi. Ngezinye izikhathi squids flying ikhuphuka ngisho ephakeme.

UDkt Ilayisi, umcwaningi shellfish kusukela United Kingdom, esihlokweni sakhe yesayensi wachaza omele yalezi zilwane, ubude umzimba cm 16 kuphela. Nokho, wakwazi ukuthatha indiza ibanga fair ngokusebenzisa emoyeni ngaphambi kokufika kuleli bhuloho lalesi sikebhe. Ukuphakama kwebhuloho kwakucishe 7 amamitha!

Kukhona amacala lapho umkhumbi uwela nje eziningi squid flying. Trebius iNiger, UMLOBI wamandulo wake watshela indaba edabukisayo umkhumbi kubonakala Wayengakwazi ukubekezelela isisindo salezi zilwane zasolwandle kanye yacwila. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-squid bayakwazi suka ngisho ngaphandle Overclocking.

ingwane flying

Futhi ifa ikhono fly ingwane. Jean Verani, a semvelo French, wabukela njengoba omunye wabo clocked ukugcwalisa ithange yakhe, ngokungazelelwe ke Waphuma amanzi. Animal echazwe i arc emoyeni cishe 5 amamitha bese kwehla ku aquarium. Ingwane, kubutsela ezidingekile ijubane gxuma, wathutha, ngokungagcini nje ngokubashumayeza wagxila jet. Wabuye ukugwedla tentacles yabo. Ingwane baggy, ngakho ziyabuya sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa squid, kodwa lapho sibhekene nezikhathi ezinzima, futhi lezi zilwane bayakwazi ukunikeza lobo bunzima kuya umsubathi engcono. California abasebenzi aquarium wafuna ukuthatha izithombe octopus, elihlasela ibaleka. Nokho, i-octopus, begijima inyamazane yawo, wazakhela isivinini yokuthi izithombe, ngisho ne umbuso ekhethekile Kwavela ukufiphala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi roll eyathatha indaba ngemizuzwana!

Nokho, i-octopus ngokuvamile bebhukuda kancane. Scientific Saynl uJosefa ingwane kufuduka wafunda, wathola ukuthi i-octopus, usayizi okuyinto 0.5 amamitha, sintanta siqonde at ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-15 km / h. Ngamunye jet yamanzi uwisa indebe, walithatha phambili (uma sikubeka ngokuqondile, emuva, njengoba sintanta nasemuva) endaweni ethile m 2-2.5.

"Ikhukhamba Crazy"

Jet Propulsion imvelo nobuchwepheshe kungase futhi ibhekwe usebenzisa imifanekiso yakhe, izibonelo ezivela ezweni izitshalo. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke - izithelo ezivuthiwe okuthiwa ikhukhamba mad. Bona bounce off ohlangeni ngesikhathi touch kancane. Khona-ke, lo kuphumele ngenxa kulo mgodi ngomfutho omkhulu baxoshwa uketshezi ekhethekile ingcina, equkethe imbewu. Sam ikhukhamba izimpukane off kolunye uhlangothi ibanga kufika ku-12 m.

Umthetho ukulondolozwa umfutho

Qiniseka ngikuxoxele, abe anaka ngamandla jet semvelo ubuchwepheshe. Ulwazi umthetho ukulondolozwa umfutho kusivumela ukushintsha, ngokukhethekile, eyethu isivinini ukunyakaza, uma sifuna endaweni evulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, uhleli esikebheni kufanele abe amatshe ambalwa. Uma abaphonse indlela ethile, ukuhamba ngesikebhe kuyoba kolunye uhlangothi. Isikhala ubuye enze lo mthetho. Nokho, asetshenziswa lapho le njongo rocket izinjini.

Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo kungenziwa okukhulunywa ukunyakaza esisheshayo ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe? Kakhulu ukulondolozwa ezinhle umfutho kuboniswa isibonelo isibhamu.

Njengoba wazi, shot ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana ukubuya. Lokucabanga isisindo ichashazi kungaba ulingana isisindo isibhamu. Kulokhu, babengeke nihlakaze emaceleni nge ngejubane elifanayo. Kickback ngoba kudala amandla esisheshayo, njengoba kukhona uphonswa ngesisindo. Ngalesi amandla bunikezwa ukunyakaza nasemkhathini ongenawo umoya isikhathi, futhi emoyeni. Kukhula isivinini kanye mass yamagesi egeleza, ukufinyela amandla ukuthi azizwa ehlombe zethu manje. Ngakho, amandla yokusabela ephakeme, namandla ukusabela ngesibhamu.

Dream of flying emkhathini

Jet Propulsion imvelo nobuchwepheshe kuye eminyakeni eminingi mthombo ngoba ososayensi. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka isintu bephupha emkhathini. Ukusetshenziswa jet ngamandla ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukuba sikukholelwe, akunjalo isiphelile uqobo.

Konke lokhu kwaqala ngephupho. abalobi yesayensi eminyaka ambalwa adlule besinika izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanjani ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo oyifunayo. Ekhulwini le-17, Sirano De Berzherak, umlobi isiFulentshi, wadala indaba ukubalekela inyanga. uhlamvu akhe ayengena satellite eMhlabeni, usebenzisa le nqola ujantshi. Ngenhla kulesi sakhiwo, wayehlale waphonsa uzibuthe onamandla. Senqola, ukhangwa ke, wavuka phezu komhlaba ziqhubeka zithuthuka. Ekugcineni, yafinyelela the Moon. Omunye umlingiswa abadumile, uBaron Munchausen, akhwela kuya inyanga phezu Isiqu emabhontjisi.

Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi namanje akukungakanani mayelana nendlela ukusebenzisa Jet Propulsion ngokwemvelo futhi ubuchwepheshe uyakwazi ukwenza ukuphila kube lula. Kodwa indiza ka fancy Yiqiniso, luvula khathizwe entsha.

Endleleni eya kokutholakala oluvelele

EChina ngasekupheleni 1 yeminyaka. e. Thina owasungula le ngamandla jet, okuholela isenzo kwethulwa. Lesi sakamuva ayelula ngoqalo, okuyinto yayigxishwe neziqhumane. Lezi ezicitshwayo ezaqaliswa for fun. Injini jet lalisetshenziswa omunye wemisebenzi imoto yokuqala. Lo mbono kwakungekaNkulunkulu Newton.

Mayelana nendlela jet ngamandla semvelo ubuchwepheshe kuphakama, ukucabanga kanye NI Kibalchich. Lokhu wamavukelambuso Russian, umbhali wencwadi luhlaka lwekucala lolufaka ekhatsi kwendiza jet, esiklanyelwe bangandiza kuye indoda. Revolutionary, ngeshwa, it wabulawa ngo-Ephreli 3, 1881. Kibalchicha asolwa ukuthi kwakuhileleke kokubulawa u-Alexander II. Kakade ejele zilindele ukukhishwa isigwebo sokufa, waqhubeka ukuhlola ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi njengoba ngamandla jet semvelo ubuchwepheshe okwenzeka ukwehlukana into. Ngenxa yalokho le miphumela, wahlakulela lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha. Kibalchich wabhala ukuthi lo mbono usekelwa kuye esikhundleni sakhe. He is Ukulungele ukuhlangabeza kokufa kwakhe ngomoya ophansi, wazi ukuthi ukutholakala esibaluleke kangaka ayizange sife kanye naye.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa imibono indiza emkhathini

Ukubonakaliswa jet ngamandla ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe waqhubeka etadisha K. E. Tsiolkovsky (isithombe ke umelwe ngenhla). Emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, usosayensi omkhulu Russian ezihlongozwayo umbono kokusebenzisa rocket indiza emkhathini. Isihloko sakhe ngale ndaba uvele 1903. Kwakuthinta emelelwa ezothando zezibalo, okuyinto laba indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba Astronautics. It namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi "Tsiolkovsky ifomula". Lokhu kwesibalo uchaza ukunyakaza umzimba kokuba mass onhlobonhlobo. Ezinkondlweni zakhe okwalandela waletha rocket motor wesifunda, abasebenza fuel ketshezi. Tsiolkovsky wayetadisha ukusetshenziswa kwezindiza ekuphonsweni ngamandla ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe, ke uye wazakhela multi-esiteji rocket design. Wabuye wasungula umqondo we kungenzeka eduze-Earth orbit isikhala sonke amadolobha. Zinjalo vulamehlo weza usosayensi, ukutadisha jet ngamandla ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe. Missiles njengoba Tsiolkovsky yabonisa - amadivaysi kuphela elingakwazi unqobe amandla adonsela phansi. Rocket yena kuchazwa ngokuthi indlela kokuba injini jet, esemgwaqweni kuso isebenzisa uphethiloli kanye oxidizer. Lokhu apharathasi oguqula amandla amakhemikhali kubaswa ngazo umlilo, okuyinto energy kinetic we jet igesi. ngaleyo ndlela Missile uqobo iqala ukuhambisa kolunye uhlangothi.

Ekugcineni, ososayensi watadisha ukunyakaza ale migwamanda bemvelo esisheshayo nobuchwepheshe, waya abakuyo. It Wabhekana nomsebenzi omkhulu ukuqaliswa iphupho osekukade lwesintu. Futhi iqembu lososayensi Soviet eliholwa Academician S. P. Korolevym, wawenza. Kuye kwenziwe abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye Tsiolkovsky. Okokuqala okuzishaya kuyiplanethi yethu Sekuqaliswe e-USSR, October 4, 1957 Yiqiniso, rocket ukusetshenziswa.

Yu. A. Gagarin (ngenhla) kwaba umuntu wathola ilungelo afeze indiza yokuqala emkhathini. Kubalulekile umcimbi izwe okwenzeka Apreli 12, 1961. Gagarin ku satellite-mkhathi "Vostok" azungeza umhlaba. I-USSR kwaba lizwe lokuqala lapho rocket ifinyelele inyanga, azungeza abaseduze kwakhe futhi izithombe uhlangothi, engabonakali ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi Venus eqala ukuvakashela kwaba Russian. Basebemletha ebusweni kule planethi amathuluzi esayensi. astronaut American uNeil Armstrong - umuntu wokuqala surface kaMoon. Wafikela kuso Julayi 20, 1969. Ngo-1986, i- "Vega-1" futhi "Vega-2" (imikhumbi okuqondene USSR) wahlola up enomsila eduze Halley ukuthi uza Sun njalo eminyakeni 76 kuphela. ukuhlola umkhathi uyaqhubeka ...

Njengoba ubona, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi isayensi ewusizo physics. Jet ngamandla ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe - lena nje omunye nezindaba ezithakazelisayo okuxoxwe ngazo kulo. Futhi ukufezekisa lokhu isayensi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe namuhla ukunyakaza esisheshayo ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe

Ngo-physics, oktrytiya ezibalulekile ikakhulukazi senziwe emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Nakuba uhlobo uye ayikaze ishintshe, ubuchwepheshe ithuthuka ngokushesha. Esikhathini sethu, isimiso injini yokusifuqa kabanzi hhayi kuphela izilwane ezihlukahlukene futhi izitshalo, kodwa futhi aerospace kanye zezindiza. Emkhathini akukho naphakathi ukuthi umzimba kungasetshenziselwa isikhombi ukushintsha nokubaluleka kwesiqondiso Isivinini yayo. Yingakho nje rocket ingasetshenziswa yokubalekela nasemkhathini ongenawo umoya isikhathi.

Namuhla ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa jet ngamandla e ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe. Akuseyona imfihlakalo njengakuqala. Nokho, abantu akagcini lapho. Kunokuphishekela khathizwe entsha. Sethemba, le ngamandla jet ngokwemvelo nobuchwepheshe Kubekwa kafishane ngazo esihlokweni ngeke ugqozi othile phezu okutholakale muva.