Ominzayo Syncopal: izimpawu, usizo lokuqala

Imbangela njalo iningi ukufa yokuminza kwabantu nemvelo. Engozini akuzona nje labo abangakwazi ukubhukuda, kodwa abantu abangekho esimweni ukwazi ezishintshwe kanye nezingane kanye cores.

amagama

Ngokusho yakamuva isichibiyelo ominzayo - inqubo eholela umonakalo ipheshana zokuphefumula ngenxa yokuba khona in the medium ewuketshezi. Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli definition kuzwakala ukufa ngamanzi (noma olunye uketshezi) e yomoya namaphaphu. Kodwa kwakunganele olunembile.

Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi yesimanje kusho ukuthi ketshezi kuba yisithiyo le ingress emoyeni ku yomoya. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi abantu kudingeka ukuba sife. Kunoma ikuphi, it kuzoxoxwa njengoba waterboarding.

izinhlobo ominzayo

Izinhlobo eziningana abahlukene yokuminza, kuncike indlela yenqubo:

1. True (ezimanzi), eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuncela - kwenzeka uma amaphaphu noma yomoya zigcwele nangokuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Yini ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho abantu kwehlela umzamo wokugcina.
2. Amanga (dry), ominzayo noma asphyxial - kwenzeka ngenxa reflex spasm glottis. Kulokhu, futhi emoyeni noma uketshezi Asingeni amaphaphu umuntu efa ngenxa yokungawutholi umoya.
3. Syncope ominzayo - kwenzeka ngamanzi abandayo. Kubangela spasm reflex imithambo yegazi kanye senhliziyo. Ukufa emanzini, eqinisweni, akuhlangene ne okusamanzi okungaphathwa engena ipheshana zokuphefumula emva dive phansi izisulu.
4. Mixed - libhekene khona izinhlobo eziningi yezimfanelo aminzisa.

Izimbangela yokuminza

Ngokuyinhloko ominzayo kwenzeka ngenxa ukugeza dengwane imithetho yokuziphatha emanzini, njengokuthi "hhayi ukubhukuda ukuze buoys," "cha ukubhukuda amachibi ne phansi amadoda angaziwa," "cha ukubhukuda njengomkhumbi lapho kunesivunguvungu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangakwazi ukubhukuda, ngokungazelelwe awela emanzini at nokujula okukhulu, sebeqala ulwe, ngokushesha kokuchitha amandla emoyeni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusheshisa dive yabo.

Scuba ngezifo nezinhlungu diving abalandeli ngokuvamile abakwazi kahle ukubala isikhathi minza, noma ukuhlasela iqala egoba ukunyukela ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yizinto ezifana khona nezimpophoma whirlpools, imisinga enamandla noma phansi enodaka.

Mshini yokuminza

Ukufa emanzini zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: angenasawoti kanye saltwater, ngoba iketango ukusabela sokugembula zizohluka. amanzi ahlanzekile, ngokusebenzisa izindonga alveoli bungene egazini dilutes ke. Ngenxa yalokho, ivolumu esikhula ngokushesha afundwa uketshezi (BCC), kwandisa umthwalo phezu kwenhliziyo, futhi zonke kuholela kuze kube stop yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi amanzi ahlanzekile hemolysis (Ukubhujiswa) zama-erythrocyte. A yinhlama emzimbeni kwandisa umthamo khulula bilirubin, i-hemoglobin kanye potassium. Sezinso akakwazi ukubhekana umthwalo ongako futhi bangase bahluleke.

Drowning emanzini usawoti, ngokuphambene, kuholela amahlule, futhi ngenxa yalokho - thrombogenicity anda. Ngokuvamile, ukuboshwa inhliziyo kungenxa thrombosis kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo. Syncope ominzayo reflex indlela ayixhunyiwe ne ketshezi amaminerali Ukwakheka, kodwa kuncike emazingeni alo nemibandela lapho umuntu kwaba emanzini (isib buhlungu abukhali ekuweni).

nezikhathi ezibucayi

Uma minza kweqiniso emanzini emithathu isikhathi emitholampilo:

1. Kokuqala, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isisulu usengakwazi ukubamba umoya wakho. Uma umuntu ugcine kuleli qophelo, ngeke ngokwanele ukuphendula isimo, isikhumba lwamafinyila cyanotic yakhe, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, engajulile, ezinomsindo. Mhlawumbe ukukhwehlela. High blood pressure esikhundleni hypotension futhi bradycardia. Esiswini kungaba esibalulekile amanzi, ngoba lokhu ukuhlanza kungenzeka. Umuntu ngokuvamile uyalulama ngokushesha ngemuva kwesigameko.
2. isikhathi Agonistic libhekene yokuthi isisulu aquleke. Usenomoya kweso kanye ukuphefumula, ukunyakaza kwemisipha kodwa ucime. Skin cyanotic amakhaza. Kuleli qophelo iza edema yamaphaphu, nomlomo izenzo aminyene Foam pink.
3. ukufa Clinical ubukeka nsé isikhathi agonistic. Le ndoda izimele, ishayela akuyona ngisho imithambo ezinkulu, ukuboshwa inhliziyo kwenzeka. Abafundi kuthiwa osuke usuvulekile, ngaphandle yokusabela kuya ukukhanya. Uma udonsa indoda ephuma emanzini kuleli qophelo, the CPR akunakwenzeka ukuba uphumelele.

izimpawu

Nakuba umuntu namanje emanzini, kungenzeka ukuba siqonde ukuthi izimpawu yokuminza ezilandelayo:

• isikhundla sici isihlobo ikhanda emzimbeni (uma kudlwengulwe ungephansi kwemandla emhlane wakhe, inhloko aphonswe emuva, njengokungathi ngesisu sakhe - inhloko egxilile ngokuphelele emanzini);
• amehlo uvaliwe noma zazifihlwa ngaphansi izinwele;
• Kungenzeka ziyashaqeka zibuye;
• indoda bophezela imizamo ukugumbuqela.

Ukuze asfekticheskogo ominzayo libhekene ukudakwa noma wathola ukulimala ekhanda. Pulse ezingavamile arrhythmic, selitholakala kuphela imikhumbi emikhulu. Lower ipheshana zokuphefumula, ngokuvamile ohlanzekile, futhi ziqukethe esincane ketshezi. Ukufa kwenzeka kungakapheli imizuzu emine kuya kwemihlanu. Yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule laryngospasm futhi akunqandi clenching.

ominzayo Syncopal kungenzeka ngisho kusuka inani elincane lamanzi. Kulokhu, sebefile uyeza masinyane. ibala nge syncopal aminzisa eliphaphathekile kakhulu, abafundi ungathathi ngamawala, baphendukele ekukhanyeni, eba "ice ukushaqeka".

ngihlolwa Forensic

ominzayo Syncopal eshiya izici sici, esingekho kuwo kuyabonakala kwesidumbu e-forensic ngihlolwa bureau. Phakathi kwezinye izici linqoba ukufa okusheshayo iphutha, ezifana egqamile bluish ezichithekile isidumbu izindawo, igazi ketshezi izimbotshana wenhliziyo nezitsha okukhulu, kanye ukungabi Foam pink ukumelana ngomlomo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kweqiniso ominzayo ketshezi itholwa engxenyeni esibulalayo of the amashubhu bronchial kanye ithambo sphenoid Yekhanda, emaphashini kuthiwa ulele, zingabantu izimbambo umxhwele kuthiwa ukopha ngaphansi pleura. Plankton ehlala emanzini, it is hhayi kuphela ezitholakala esiswini kanye namaphaphu, kodwa nakwezinye izinhlaka, okusikisela ukuthi efika khona ngemithambo yegazi.

Kungenzeka futhi ukucacisa izimpawu isidumbu kokuba emanzini: isikhumba ugodo, Shrunken kwi somunwe (okubizwa ngokuthi "izandla laundresses" ..), Futhi ihlala isikhathi eside in the ketshezi kungase slazit ndawonye ngezipikili ukuze amagilavu hlobo. Ukuba khona esihlabathini, daka futhi ulwelwe nezingubo izinwele isisulu, futhi, lisikisela ukuthi umzimba badoba ephuma emanzini.

The eside umzimba emanzini, lo nzima ukuze kutholakale imbangela yokufa, kodwa uma uneminye ukulimala ke eziphila olwandle ngokushesha uthola isidumbu, futhi kungalimaza izinsalela kangangokuthi bonke ubufakazi bayobhujiswa.

Algorithm eziphuthumayo

Lezi mithetho zonke izinhlobo azosiza abayizisulu emanzini efanayo. ukunakekelwa eziphuthumayo e ominzayo kuyinto algorithm ezilandelanayo yezenzo, ozokusiza ukuba wenze isinqumo ngokushesha esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Okokuqala, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukuphila lomtakuli akuyona asengozini. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba izinzuzo insindiso kumelwe sibe ngaphezu ezingaba ingozi. Isisulu esuswa amanzi. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokuqapha, njengoba umuntu angase abe ukwa yomgogodla, ngakho-ke, kudingeka ziyiswe kwenye indawo kusukela kwesigubhu ebhodini noma ebhodini.

Okwesibili, ujike nesineke ukuze waphumula esiswini edolweni isilondolozi, kodwa ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi kuye kwaba ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa esikhathini yokuminza - imizuzu emihlanu. Uma ngesikhathi umuntu ekubambeni likhiphe pool sekuyisikhathi eside equlekile, kufanele ngokushesha uqale yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule cardiopulmonary. Hlanza ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo okwesikhathi komoya okungcono. Kulesi sigaba, qiniseka ukubiza i-ambulensi.

In the isinyathelo sesithathu, kusukela ominzayo zokuqala zosizo - udinga ukuhlola abafundi, ishayela, khona ukuphefumula. Khona-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izici ezingenhla azitholakali, udinga ukuqala CPR. Qhubeka uzotshala inhliziyo futhi uhogele umoya nje ufika crew ambulensi. Uma ukuphefumula nokuguqulwa aliveli, kungasindisa ukuphila isisulu.

Siza aminzisa ngemva ekubuyiseleni ukuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ukwazi esifudumeza nokulawula komuntu zokuphila izinkomba. Ngaphambi kokuza odokotela ethintekile, ngeshwa, akuseyona kungenzeka ukwenza lutho olutheni.

ukwelashwa

Ngokuphumelelayo ukunikeza oluphuthumayo ngoba ominzayo kungasiza odokotela ekulinganiseni isimo isisulu esikhathini esizayo. Lapho ukuphefumula nokuguqulwa is awabuyiswanga, isiguli sidluliselwe yokufakelwa wamaphaphu ukupholisa wenziwa ukuthuthwa kwendle kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi. ukwelashwa kufanele lifake nokuvinjelwa edema yamaphaphu futhi ukwehluleka oyingozi zenhliziyo. Uma esicwila amanzi ahlanzekile, bese zibeka isisu kanye zegazi, futhi esicwila amanzi anosawoti - nosawoti kanye glucose. Ngempela kwenziwa ukulungiswa isimo acid-base. Ngemva izinyathelo esiphuthumayo kuvame anqunyiwe izifundo ezimfushane kwamaphilisi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.