Okuyingozi futhi eziyingozi izici ukukhiqizwa.

Okwamanje, ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa impucuko, ebanjwa ngokushesha, abasebenzi uphoqelekile ukuba ukucinga izimpendulo zemibuzo entsha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo: indlela yokulondoloza impilo emsebenzini. Manje ngenxa yazo zonke amabutho ukubhekana lo mkhuba izinto zokukhiqiza esiyingozi futhi elimazayo. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kancane bodwa futhi ukubhekana nazo, kudingeka uqonde ukuthi kwakuyini.

izici eziyingozi zokukhiqiza - yibo abangela imiphumela emibi, isibonelo, eziningi ukuchumisa, imishini. Kodwa eziyingozi kancane kancane futhi kancane zisenza sibe zonke izinhlobo izifo emsebenzini, isib, carcinogens, amakhemikhali.

ukukhiqizwa futhi ngezigaba zabo izici ngendlela elandelayo: iqembu lokuqala - ngokomzimba (vibration, umsindo nothuli), iqembu lesibili - chemical (phambili, mercury Radium), iqembu lesithathu - yemvelo (nezilwanyana ezincane, ezinhlamvu, amagciwane) neyesine - psychophysiological (ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala , sindisa kwemizwa).

Iqiniso liwukuthi i-izici zokukhiqiza kanye nezici zabo manje inkinga kunalokho enkulu ukubhekana ukuthi kokungenela uhulumeni kuyadingeka, Standardization kanye normatizatsiya. Phela, emhlabeni wonke emazweni athuthukile, kukhona imizimba ukuqapha kuhambisana nemithetho futhi uyingozi izici ukukhiqizwa.

Ngakho iziphi izici zokukhiqiza, okusongela impilo yezakhamuzi zethu nabo baqamekela ezweni lonke? Siqala Ngomsindo okuyinto lutho kodwa nizwa umsindo kwenzeka uma kunyakaza mechanical abezindaba gaseous, okuqinile futhi uketshezi. Umsindo kubangela kabi kuphazamise ukuphila kwabantu okuvamile. Lapho anda ingcindezi umsindo, it Uphatha kabi uhlaka kokuzwa ukuthi umsindo ibonwa. Ukuze ukukala umthamo esetshenziswa manje dvushkalny imitha Sound. Ngakho, ivolumu decibel angu-140 kalula nje ubangele i umphumela ezibuhlungu. Ngomqondo ovulekile, umphumela umsindo kungabonakala lokhu kubonakaliswa: anda blood pressure, kwehle acuity sokuzwa, ukusebenza, ukunakwa attenuated, kukhona isiyezi, ukuqwasha, ukukhathala. Ukuze ulwe emiphumeleni elimazayo umsindo emzimbeni womuntu ingasetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa umsindo, silencers, izembatho zokuzivikela (nezigqoko ekhethekile, indlebe plugs, njll).

Iyingozi ukukhiqizwa izici - amakhemikhali. Bona zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo: ubuthi okuqinile (upende, i-arsenic, nomthofu), futhi ubuthi gaseous ne liquid (acetylene, benzene, elithi ether, nokunye). Ngu ubunjalo ubuthi babo sehlukaniswe caustic ezithinta igazi, umgudu wokuphefumula, isimiso sezinzwa. Ukulawula izinga emakamu yalezi izinto eziyingozi ekukhiqizeni kufanele sigcwaliswe Sanepidemstantsii. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi izinqe ukuba umuntu udinga imishini yokukhiqiza.

izici ezilimazayo zokukhiqiza - liphinde uthuli banal. Lezi ngomzuzu izinhlayiya okuqinile ukuthi kukhona emoyeni isikhashana kusesimweni yokumiswa, ezakhiwe inhlangano zezakhiwo, ebusweni yokuhlanza, imidwebo kanye ubuciko, kanye nokunye. Uthuli Iyingozi abantu incike ngezithako zawo.

Okwamanje, ngenxa ukusetshenziswa amandla enuzi kuyinto imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu ngemisebe. Kuyinto wakwazi ukubangela izifo ezethusayo ezifana ukugula ngemisebe noma umdlavuza. Kodwa, ngeshwa, manje ku arsenal of ososayensi emhlabeni wonke akudingeki ngamaphesenti ayikhulu izindlela eziphumelelayo yokuvikela ngemisebe.

Ngu izici zokwakheka zokukhiqiza iyathinteka ikakhulukazi izazi zezinto eziphilayo, odokotela nososayensi. Ukuze balwe ithonya umzimba ezihlukahlukene amagciwane nezinto ezincane eziphilayo iyadingeka ukuthuthukisa imithi elwa namagciwane ekhethekile.

Awu futhi psychophysiological izici zokukhiqiza ezithinta ngazo abantu nasemikhakheni efana abashayeli bamaloli test umshayeli, nokunye. Fight kulandele ukunciphisa amahora ukusebenza futhi ukunikeza ezokungcebeleka opholile.