Okukhethekile "Ibhizinisi lamafutha negesi": yiluphi uhlobo lochwepheshe?

Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi nokukhiqizwa kwamafutha eRussia kuyathandwa kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi iningi labantu lifuna ukusebenza kulo mkhakha oqeqeshiwe. Iyini ibhizinisi lamafutha negesi? Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi olungenziwa lapha? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye eminingi zingatholakala kusihloko esethuliwe.

Izici ezijwayelekile

Sekuyisikhathi eside akekho ophika ukuthi indawo enenzuzo kakhulu futhi efanelekayo ensimini yeRussian Federation yibhizinisi le-oyile negesi. Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi olumi lapha? Naphezu kwezici ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezihlukene, iziqu kanye nezigaba, cishe noma yisiphi isisebenzi esenza imisebenzi yakhe embonini yamafutha neyegesi kubhekiswa njengengcweti yezobuchwepheshe embonini.

Kumele ngithi lolu msebenzi luyaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi. Ukukhangisa kokubili umholo omkhulu, kanye nethemba elifanele lokukhula komsebenzi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nentuthuko yesayensi evamile evumela ukuthi uthuthukise njalo izinga lakho lochwepheshe.

Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi?

Ibhizinisi le-oyile negesi: lithini lesi sigaba esimele? Okukhethekile kwongenayela wamafutha kunama-subspecies amaningi kanye nokukhishwa. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yomsebenzi ezindaweni ezahlukene kungenzeka ukuthi ayifani. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi lokhu kuvame ukufakwa, ukulungiswa noma ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kwamafutha noma imithombo yamagesi, njll.

Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi umsebenzi womsebenzi ka-oilman awuxhunyiwe nehhovisi elikhululekile nemibhalo eminingi. Akukona nje kuphela eyenziwa ezindaweni ezikude zezwe, ngakho yonke imisebenzi iqhutshwa hhayi izimo ezinhle kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isiqondiso esithi "ibhizinisi lamafutha nogesi" kubhekwa njengengxenye enkulu kakhulu. Luhlobo luni lokuqeqeshwa kwentombazane noma abamele abakhiqizi bezenhlalo abangahlukaniswa lapha? Naphezu kwamakaki asele encwadini yomsebenzi mayelana nokukhethekile kochwepheshe, ezinye imisebenzi zingenziwa futhi "ngasogwini." Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bangasebenza emkhakheni wokuhlelwa kwezigungu, ukulawula ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, njll Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu angathola umsebenzi ofanele kakhulu.

Imisebenzi Yomsebenzi

Iyini ibhizinisi lamafutha negesi? Luhlobo luni lomsebenzi kanye nencazelo yalo - lonke lolu lwazi luzobe luhlelwe ngokucubungula imisebenzi eyisisekelo yabasebenzi abathintekayo embonini yegesi namafutha.

Uma ukukhuluma ngamakhono afanele kakhulu okujwayelekile cishe bonke ochwepheshe be-oyile negesi, khona-ke amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqokonyiswe:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo nokuthembekile kwazo zonke izinto ezikhona;
• Lawula ngezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo nezobuchwepheshe;
• Ukukhipha izibalo ezidingekayo nokudweba izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe;
• Ukusebenza ekwenzeni, ukulungiselela, ukukhipha, ukuhamba nokugcina imikhiqizo;
• Ukwenza umsebenzi wokuxilonga nokugcinwa;
• Ukulungiswa kwemishini;
• Umsebenzi wokucwaninga.

Ngakho-ke, i-sphere yezobuchwepheshe okucatshangelwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ibanzi. Isisebenzi ngasinye sidingeka ukwenza inamba enkulu yemisebenzi yomsebenzi. Ukuthuthukiswa okwesikhashana kwesigaba semfundo kuzokwandisa umthwalo womsebenzi kuphela.

Ukuqeqeshwa

Kungenzeka ukwazi kahle umsebenzi womsebenzi wezobuchwephesha kuphela esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola okukhethekile, kufanele uqedele amakilasi angu-11 esikoleni, emva kwalokho udlule i-State Unified Exam. Iningi lamanyuvesi lamukela abafakizicelo abaye badlulisa iziqu ezifana nezibalo zesiprofetho, isiRashiya, kanye ne-computer yesayensi kanye ne-physics. Ukuze ube nethuba elihle kakhulu lokungena eyunivesithi ekhethekile "ibhizinisi lamafutha negesi", kufanele udlulise izivivinyo ngamaphoyinti angu-80-86.

Abachwepheshe bekusasa bayakwazi ukulungiselela amanyuvesi amaningi eMoscow. Kodwa kukhona nezinye izikhungo zesifunda lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola okukhethekile okufunayo. Nansi nje uhlu oluthile lwezikhungo zemfundo:

• I-MGMU (i-Moscow Machine Building);
• RSUH emva kwe-Ordzhonikidze;
• I-Far Eastern Railway University;
• I-Kazan Federal University;
• I-Moscow Institute of Transport - "ibhizinisi lamafutha negesi."

Ubuchwepheshe embonini yamafutha neyegesi bayathandwa kakhulu namuhla. Yingakho kunzima kakhulu ukufaka amanye amanyuvesi. Kudingekile ukuthi usebenze futhi ufunde okuningi - kuphela ngale ndlela kuyobe kwenzeka ukuba ukwazi kahle umsebenzi ngokufanele.

Iziyalo zezemfundo

Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokutadisha eyunivesithi kulokhu okukhethekile yiminyaka engama-4. Ngakho-ke, izifundo ezine kuphela zokuqeqeshwa kuzosiza isakhamuzi ukuthola i-bachelor degree. Noma kunjalo, ingatholakala nangakapheli iminyaka emihlanu; Sikhuluma ngabafundi abatadisha izincwadi, ukuhlwa noma ukuxuba imfundo.

Yikuphi ukuyala okufakiwe esikoleni sokuqeqesha? Cishe noma yisiphi isikhungo esinikeza ithuba lokuthola imfundo embonini yamafutha neyegesi inekharityhulam eneziqondiso ezilandelayo:

• Ama-Hydraulics namafutha negesi hydromechanics;
• Okusemqoka kwekhwalithi, ukulinganisa kanye nemetrology;
• Ukuzenzekelayo;
• I-Chemistry yamafutha negesi;
• Okuyisisekelo se-thermodynamics nokudluliswa kokushisa;
• Ihluzo zekhompyutha;
• Futhi ezinye izinhlelo zokuqeqesha.

Amakhono adingekayo

Inqubo yokufunda kufanele ifake amakhono amaningana ewusizo wenjiniyela yesikhathi esizayo. Kuthiwani ngempela? Ngamafuphi, abantu abasha kufanele babe namakhono amaningana abalulekile, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuqaliswa komsebenzi emkhakheni owakubhekwayo kuyobe kungenakwenzeka.

Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kufanele baphathe ngendlela efanele ukuhlela nezinhlelo ezahlukene. Noma yimuphi umchwepheshe ohilelekile embonini yamafutha neyegesi uphoqelekile ukuba ahlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bekhompuyutha. Yingakho lapha kufanelekile ukugqamisa ikhono elibaluleke kakhulu nelusizo kunoma yimuphi ubuchwepheshe: ikhono lokusebenzisa isofthiwe nobuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha ngokufanele. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-sphere ebalulekile njengamabhizinisi we-oyile negesi angeke akwazi ukuthuthukisa.

Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi ngaphandle kwamanani amakhono abalulekile njengokukhuthaza, ikhono lokusebenza eqenjini, ukubekezela, njll? Zonke lezi zakhiwo kanye nezici zobuningi zidingeka ukuba zibe nanoma iyiphi i-technologist yokukhiqiza amafutha.

Imibono yobuchwepheshe

Yimiphi imibono abasebenzi abangaba nayo emkhakheni we "oyile negesi yebhizinisi"? Luhlobo luni lomsebenzi lapha olungabonakala, futhi yiziphi izici zokukhula komsebenzi okungenzeka kube khona? Ngokusemthethweni, bonke abafundi abafunde iziqu ze-oli negesi basebenza ngokukhethekile. Noma iyiphi ibhizinisi elifanele lilungele ukuqasha abantu abaphumelele esikoleni. Noma kunjalo, umncintiswano wezihlalo ezingenamuntu uhlala uphakeme kakhulu.

Intsha ingathembela ekutholeni umsebenzi njengenkosi, umsizi webholathrikhi, onjiniyela noma ochwepheshe. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nesiqondiso socwaningo, okwamanje, okudingekile ukuphothula umantshi.

Izinga lomsebenzi livulekile kubo bonke abasebenza ngokuzikhandla nabasebenza kanzima. Ummeleli wukuphi okukhethekile uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa iziqu zakhe zobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Imiholo

Izakhamizi eziningi zinentshisekelo ngemali engenayo yabasebenzi abathintekayo "ebhizinisini lamafutha negesi." Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi? Iholo lapha lihluka kakhulu, futhi likhulu kangakanani? Yonke le mibuzo ibuzwa ngabafakizicelo, ngaphambi kokungena eyunivesithi. Ngokushesha kuyadingeka ukuphendula: inzuzo encane yabasebenzi abathintekayo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe obhekene nawo yizinkulungwane ezingu-40-50 zama rubleki. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ukuthola amamaki amasha kuzosiza "ukukhulisa" lesi sibalo kuma-ruble angu-70-100 ayizinkulungwane.

I-engineer-technologist ingathola ama-ruble angama-60-80 ayizinkulungwane, futhi unjiniyela omkhulu - cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Izifundo zikaMfundisi

Benzani labo abakhetha ukhetheka "ibhizinisi lamafutha negesi" ekufundeni kumantshi? Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi olutholakala njengomphumela lapha?

Yonke inqubo yokutadisha kumantshi iyisenzo sokucwaninga. Futhi yiziphi amathemba abazophothula iziqu zabo? Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusebenza ezinkampanini zesevisi yamafutha, kanye nama-laboratories zesayensi - umphakathi noma wangasese.

Kuze kube manje, cishe yonke eyunivesithi yaseRussia enekhethelo lamafutha negesi inikeza ukuqeqeshwa ohlelweni lukaMfundisi. Amantshi akwazi ukuqonda lezo zinqubo zesayensi njenge geology, chemistry, geophysics, geodesy, njalonjalo.