Ob: ubunjalo ukugeleza, izici ezindawo

Ubude kumephu yeRussia, kukhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2,5 emifula. Iningi lazo yimifula encane. Nokho, abanye ukufinyelela ngezabelo omkhulu ngempela. Enye yalezi nemifula - kuyinto ob.

izici Jikelele emfuleni

I isiqondiso ukugeleza esisempumalanga yoMfula ob sici esiyinhloko. Ngokungafani neminye imifula isiRashiya, ngulona logeleta kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Ob kuyinto nomfula omude kunayo yonke iRussia. ubude bayo idlula ngisho nobude imifula emikhulu njenge-Yenisei noLena. Le ndawo ingqikithi umcengezi salo 3 million sq. M. km, okuyinto kahlanu kunangendlela endaweni yaseFrance.

Ob, njengoba sekushiwo, kuyinto nomfula omude kunayo yonke insimu yonke iRussia. ukubhukuda wayo pool kancane elise kwamanye amazwe - ngokwesibonelo, eMongolia naseChina. Umfula has izinhlobo ukudla eziningana: iqhwa, imvula neqhwa. On usebe lwawo eziningi emadolobheni. It uthululela eGulf of OB. I ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ukugeleza eMfuleni ob 5 km / h.

engenhla ob

Pool ngokuthi emfuleni ngokwendawo elise izimo ezahlukene ezindawo zezulu. Ohlangothini lwaseningizimu namanje eyaqala emfuleni kukhona izingwadule ezishisa kanye lulwimi ezingwadule. Enyakatho - kuyabanda emathafeni ndawo. Zonke mfula kunemibandela yizinqamu ezintathu: engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi. Ngesikhathi phuzu lapho ezimbili ihlangana zibe ngokubabazekayo emifuleni Biya futhi Katun, futhi kuvela emfuleni ob. Ubunjalo ukugeleza kule ndawo kuncike nesimo sendawo.

Kufika umlomo Tomi Dolina Obi ububanzi. Le sayithi ngokuthi elingenhla. Lapha, ukugeleza has a isivinini kahle eliphezulu, kodwa kulapho emfuleni siba banzi khona, ukugeleza kancane futhi ephephile of amanzi alo. Umbhede emfuleni ngokuvamile sicindezelwe ngokumelene okusezingeni eliphezulu ibhange kwesokunxele, futhi ngezansi Novosibirsk ke landiswa km 20. ukugeleza Ngisho aphansi ezimbili nemingenela we OB - Chumysh kuyinto ohlangothini lwesokudla kanye Aley kwesokunxele. How fast noma kancane ngesikhathi ob kuncike endaweni yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, phansi enamadwala at confluence Katun Bii futhi ngenxa ijubane eliphezulu ukugeleza komfula kule ndawo.

By the way, ekwindla kanye ehlobo kule ndawo ungakwazi ukugcina into ukwazi. On the ingxenye ebusweni emfuleni lapha kubonakala ezimthende. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwemifula emikhulu emibili i amanzi eyinhloko zipendwe ngemibala ehlukile futhi kuxutshwe ngokushesha. amanzi ogqamile Katun futhi Bia olumhlophe yakha mphumela.

isilinganiso ob

Ohambweni lwakhe olude ob iqoqa amanzi usetha laseSiberia emifuleni entabeni. ithrekhi wayo idlula phezu West laseSiberia Plain, ihlukaniswe yaba imikhono, mapayipi. Lapho spring ifika, kule ndawo lokhu kubanga inkohliso of an zomzimba esingapheliyo amanzi ne iziqhingi ezincane.

Ob Isilinganiso kuyinto esigabeni esilandelayo, okuyinto ihlukaniswe kunemibandela emfuleni. Iqala emlonyeni emfuleni Tom , futhi iphela lapho agelezela ob Irtysh. Ngokwengxenye yayo phakathi nomfula yayicindezele ezwekazini okuthiwa Belogorsk - egqumeni elincane.

Kwezinye izindawo, ebanzi kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-50km) iba emfuleni ob. Ubunjalo flow yayo - abadla izambane likapondo. It Ubuye Amapayipi eziningi. Ngemva confluence we Irtysh isiteshi salo, mfula ishintsha indlela, ukuvula enyakatho. Ububanzi kwimfunda we OB Ephakathi kuka-20 no-30 km, kanye Valley - 30-50 km.

aphansi ob

I itulo eGulf of OB ngokuthi Lower ob. Lapha, ububanzi bawo kusuka 3 kuya ku-7 km. NgoMfula quin: yasebhange salo esifanele ukuma emaweni futhi embozwe ihlathi, futhi kwesokunxele, kunalokho, flat. Minyaka yonke, ubunjalo izinguquko emfuleni embhedeni. Isiteshi, lakhukhula ibhange emaweni kwesokudla bashiya bephakamise daka, lishintshe indlela elakheke ngayo.

Izikhukhula entwasahlobo kuyinto bokuthi okuyinto has a emfuleni ob. Ubunjalo flow sifinyelela engezansi nemingenela yayo ngenxa yokubakhona enamandla - uTom Irtysh. Ukuze Lower ob entwasahlobo izikhukhula ehlobo izikhukhula ihlangana zibe munye igagasi elinamandla.

Ukwakheka iqhwa

Upper futhi Ephakathi ob ngokuvamile imbozwe ungqimba leqhwa nenkathi ebandayo. I engenhla ingxenye emfuleni ukhululeka iqhwa azungeze phakathi April, isilinganiso - ngomhla ka-Ephreli sokuhlushwa, bese phansi - ekuqaleni May. Kwezinye izindawo, the OB kuyinto ice-free isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, e indawo Barnaul , le nkathi izinsuku 200 ngonyaka. Ngo Salekhard ob engamboziwe nge ice esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingu-180. Lapho spring ifika, amanzi omfula ongasukuma ukuba 4 m. Lapha, ehlobo amanzi kungenziwa sekuqala ukufudumala kuze kube degrees 28.

Lolu cwaningo emlandweni the OB

Ngalezo zinsuku, lapho abanqobi yaseYurophu base kakade isihambile bayiyise eMelika, empumalanga yeSiberia ihlala ayikaqondwa kahle. Amarekhodi lokuqala River ob, eyakho ngekhulu XVI. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakungase ukufinyelela eChina naseNdiya.

Isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke amabalazwe yeSiberia ngaleso sikhathi kwaba umcwaningi uMercator Atlas of Europe, ayibhala ngo 1595. Kodwa ngisho nalapho umfula umelwe okungalungile ngokuphelele. A non-akukho China Lake okuye kwaziwa e sifinyelela layo elingenhla.

Russian baqala ukuhlala eSiberia cishe XVI-XVII leminyaka., Nakuba ngesikhathi umcengezi utholakale kubo kakade ngezizwe Khanty, Mansi futhi Selkups. Kunzima kakhulu okwamanje ukusungula umsuka Igama lomfula. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isuke sivela izwi Russian "kokubili", njengoba emfuleni evela neminye imifula emibili.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi igama livela izwi Iranian "ab", okusho ukuthi "amanzi". Kodwa okokuqala bahlangana ob Novgorod, wahlala Lower ob. Bayibiza emfuleni "Obdora". Kodwa ngokuyinhloko zokuma kwendawo akuyona emfuleni imfumbe ob. Ubunjalo ukugeleza, indawo yayo kanye nengcebo wafunda ngesikhathi uhambo abaningi futhi ngosizo imishini ekhethekile.