Njengoba isikhwama somoya ibizwa ngokuthi Earth? Ukwakheka, izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi umkhathi

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi emoyeni - kuyingxenye ebalulekile kakhulu we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Phela, ekwakhiweni layo eliyingqayizivele inikeza ithuba lokuphila emhlabeni. Kodwa igama emoyeni imvelo Umhlaba? Kuyini futhi lokho uhlukile? Uyini Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye izakhiwo ngokomzimba? Lezi zinkinga esinesithakazelo kuyo abaningi.

Njengoba isikhwama somoya ibizwa ngokuthi Earth?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuphila emhlabeni kuzoba khona kubangelwe ukwakheka eziyingqayizivele emoyeni. Futhi igesi igobolondo ibizwa ngokuthi umkhathi. Le ngxenye uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ozungezayo ngokuphelele iplanethi esiqhutshwa emhlabeni nendikimba ethile esemkhathini amandla adonsela phansi.

Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu igobolondo has a chemical ezithile futhi izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Njengoba for imingcele, kuyacaca ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba azigcine. Eduzane komhlaba nabo emkhathini we lithosphere kanye hydrosphere. Kodwa ukucacisa lapho igcina bese iqala isikhala imvilophi gaseous evulekile, kunzima kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, emngceleni ubambile endaweni engamamitha 100 km, lapho okuthiwa Karman umugqa - ku yamabhanoyi endaweni engasakwazi.

Atmosphere - emoyeni igobolondo Zomhlaba, ogama value ayikwazi overestimated. Phela, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi cishe zonke izindikimba zasezulwini bavezwa ionizing kanye emisebeni ultraviolet, okuyinto ziyingozi eziphilayo. Kuyinto emvilophini gaseous wale misebe kuthiwa neutralized.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela nesenzakalo asemkhathini

Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bezibuza mayelana nendlela Umhlaba kwamiswa isikhwama somoya. Impendulo yalo mbuzo akunakwenzeka ukuba olunembile, njengoba kukhona eziningana eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezahlukene ngemvelaphi emkhathini kuze kube manje.

Ngokwe-mbono ezivamile, emkhathini primary kwamiswa iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule kusukela amagesi alula - okungukuthi, i-hydrogen ne-helium, eyashaqwa kusuka isikhala interplanetary. Ngenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo okwengeziwe ukudala igesi imvilophi yesibili, eye ayegcwele carbon dioxide, amanzi umusi kanye ammonia.

kwamiswa umoya Tertiary ngenxa izinqubo eziningi - chemical yokusabela (isb, umbani), ultraviolet ukuchayeka, ukuvuza ane-helium ne-hydrogen emuva ku isikhala interplanetary.

I chemical umkhathi

Manje, lapho sekungenzeka igama imvelo emoyeni Zomhlaba, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ngezithako zawo zamakhemikhali, kubhekwa azifani. Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amagesi ezahlukene igcwele izingqimba aphansi kuphela umkhathi. Ikakhulukazi, umoya esiwuphefumulayo evelele nitrogen (78.08%). Izinga umoya-mpilo 20,95%. Lawa igesi ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, airbag emhlabeni emgodleni kuhlanganisa nezinye izingxenye - is carbon dioxide, i-hydrogen, argon,-helium, Xenon, i-methane, isibabule nitrogen oxides, i-ozone, ammonia.

Ukwakheka emoyeni emhlabeni emgodleni

Isibhakabhaka zingahlukaniswa zibe izingqimba eziningana, ngamunye ephethe nezakhi ezihlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali.

• IThrojani efaka isimeli seseva - ungqimba esiseduzane komhlaba. It is bagxila 80% emoyeni Imininingwane. Futhi lapha kungenzeka umsebenzi womuntu. Phela, kule ungqimba bagxila cishe wonke amanzi komoya (90%). Lapha, ukwakheka kwamafu kanye kwezulu. I iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva kudlulela km 18 kusuka komhlaba. Nge izinga lokushisa kuyanda-up sinciphile.
• I Stratosphere (12-50 km) - ungqimba, okuyinto kubhekwa kakhulu ingxenye isimo esizolile. Lapha kulapho ungqimba lwe-ozone zokuzivikela.
• Thermosphere - ingxenye emkhathini, mkhawulo we okuyinto mayelana 700-800 km. Lapha, izinga lokushisa liqala ukuphakama ngokucijile kwandisa, futhi kwezinye izindawo imayelana 1200 degrees Celsius. Imingcele lesi sendlalelo iyona ionosphere okuthiwa, lapho umoya ionized ngaphansi kwethonya emisebeni yelanga.
• Exosphere - ihlakaza ndawo, okuyinto endaweni engamamitha 3000 km ingena emkhathini. Umoya elicwile amagesi alula njenge-hydrogen ne-helium.

izici Basic ngokomzimba umkhathi

Yiqiniso, izakhiwo ngokomzimba lomoya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwazi kubo, singakwazi ukuthola ukuthi umkhathi kuthinta abantu noma yimuphi omunye eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nesilinganiso nemingcele ngokomzimba kubalulekile sokunquma lusebenze ndiza, izindiza, njll Ikakhulukazi, nemingcele ngokomzimba elandelayo ziyabhekelelwa ..:

• lokushisa emoyeni kukalwa le ndlela elandelayo: T1 = t - 6,5H (lapha t - air lokushisa ngaphezu komhlaba, futhi H - ukuphakama).
• Air ukuminyana - kuyinto nenqwaba emoyeni ngamunye imitha cubic.
• Ingcindezi lingalinganiswa e Pascals, futhi izikhathi eziphindwe.
• Umswakama ubonisa inani lamanzi unit emoyeni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zero nomswakama kungenzeka kuphela egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Ayanda score, ephansi kwabantu emoyeni, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

By the way, isayensi, enikeza impendulo imibuzo mayelana nendlela igama imvelo emoyeni Zomhlaba, iziphi izakhiwo zalo nezici - a meteorology. Ososayensi basafunda hhayi kuphela emkhathini, kodwa futhi ukuqapha izinguquko zalo okuqhubekayo ezithinta isimo sezulu kanye sezulu.

Isibhakabhaka nalokho okukushoyo

Ukubaluleka imvilophi igesi yomhlaba Kunzima kakhulu overestimate. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ngaphandle komoya kuholela nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, hypoxia futhi ukulimala kobuchopho engelapheki. ngiyabonga kuphela nokubunjwa ezimangalisayo ezenzeka kulo moya ozungeze eziphilayo ungathola oxygen ezidingekayo kubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhwama zomoya ukuvikela surface iplanethi kusuka eziyingozi cosmic ngemisebe. Nokho, umoya sidlula isamba elanele imisebe ultraviolet, okuyinto lifudumeza umhlaba. Ososayensi bathi le ukwehla UV kuzonciphisa izinga lokushisa jikelele kanye okokuqandisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya kwelanga (izinto eziningi ezinengqondo) ekhiqizwa Vitamin emisipheni isikhumba D. womuntu

Ungqimba lwe-ozone nokubaluleka kwalo

Esikhathini Stratosphere, ezingeni ukuphakama 12-50 km kusuka komhlaba, ungqimba lwe-ozone. Le ngxenye emkhathini latholakala 1912 ososayensi isiFulentshi Fabry futhi Buisson.

Ozone yigesi kungekho nto enemibala emihle nge okunoshukela isici iphunga. Siqukethe ama-athomu amathathu nomoya-mpilo. Le ngxenye gasbag ukuvikela phansi esuka esiyingozi isikhala ngemisebe.

Ngeshwa, ngenxa entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe nezinto zezimboni, lenyuka inani izinto ezilimazayo, kancane kancane ubhubhisa ungqimba lwe-ozone Zomhlaba i emgodleni emoyeni. Okubizwa okuthiwa i-ozone imbobo - inkinga kuyingozi kakhulu.

Kwemoya umkhathi: kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini futhi nemvula ene-asidi

Ngeshwa, njalo komoya, okuyinto ikakhulukazi ngenxa umkhakha eziphambili kuholela ukuwohloka isisindo. Lezi zinguquko esiyingozi zihlanganisa okubizwa ngokuthi Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini. Iqiniso ukuthi nemizimba yasemhlabeni ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ikakhulukazi infrared wavelength spectrum - abakwazi njalo ukungena lapho ingena emkhathini we. Ukwandisa lokuhlushwa amagesi abamba ukushisa ukuthi bachayeke emisebeni yelanga infrared (ngokwesibonelo, umhwamuko, isikhutha), kuholela ephakeme Imininingwane lokushisa air emkhathini ephansi, lapho ngenxa yalokho kuthinta isimo sezulu.

imvula Acid - omunye umphumela yokungcola zezimboni emoyeni emhlabeni emgodleni. I oxides nesibabule nitrogen adedelwa emoyeni yizimila ezishisayo amandla, izimoto, izitshalo Metallurgical nezinye izinto ezithile kungenzeka wasithukuthelela umusi umoya - bedle emisebeni yelanga akhiwa acid ewa kanye nezinye KULETHA.