Missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Calibre". Cruise missile "Calibre". Combat Missile System

Entwasahlobo ka-2009, embukisweni isimiso sokuzivikela e-Asia bureau "Innovator" okokuqala wethulwa uhlelo missile nge nangomcibisholo cruise "Calibre-K." Siqukethe ezine ezicitshwayo enjalo ulwandle. Uhlelo missile "Calibre" ifana evamile nambili-yizimpahla isitsha lapho isetshenziselwa ukuthutha. Lokhu kusiza ungazwakali eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze siqashelwe ngaphambi okwamanje kusebenze.

"Iyatholakala missile amasu izinhlelo" - okubizwa ngokuthi Onjiniyela uhlelo olusha nangomcibisholo, ngoba intengo yayo kwaba kuphela esingaphansi nanhlanu amaRandi ayisigidi.

ezicitshwayo compact

INtshonalanga ochwepheshe ezempi, okwenza libukeke njengendandatho ukumaska ezinjalo zibangelwa ukwethuka, ngoba sibonga yakhe yonke imithetho yempi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi washintsha ngokuphelele. esitsheni okunjalo kungaba ngokuqonda kuphi: isikepe nolwandle, futhi isitimela, futhi ukuba i-trailer umgwaqo, futhi ukundiza endizeni. Ngakho-ke, abaphikisi kusukela kubalulekile ukuqhuba uphenyo olunzulu kakhulu, ngaphambi kokunquma kuhlasela.

Kodwa nganoma iyiphi imbobo kanye esiteshini sesitimela, omningi kuyinto emazweni athuthukile iziqukathi ezinjalo. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli izimpahla, bona zingafakwa noma imishini ingase abasebenzi ibekwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaqukatha ezahlukene zezitshalo amandla, nokuningi. Futhi ukuthi yimaphi ama-emakhulwini ezinkulungwane iziqukathi luphakathi missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Calibre" cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Ezokuthutha ukusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa umphakathi kukhona ephelele lezo zimpahla. Phakathi imikhumbi eminingi izitimela nge okufanayo, akukho ezitsheni ezahlukene ukuthola ukuthi sangempela. Futhi nizibhale iziphuphutheki yabo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa futhi akunakwenzeka.

netwetwe West

Ngokombiko waleli phephandaba British «I-Daily Telegraph», ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uma Iraq ayengenayo imithetho enjalo missile izinhlelo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi e-United States ngabe ziyahlasela ePersian Gulf, njengoba ngokuphelele yimuphi esithwala Gulf kungase kudingeke ebhodini rocket eziyinkimbinkimbi "Calibre ".

NePentagon uzwakalise ukukhathazeka sina ngenxa yokuthi laseRussia laqala ukunikela missile izinhlelo bonke labo kungenziwa behlaselwa-United States. Bakholelwa ukuthi isimo emhlabeni uzobe destabilized uma izikhali ezinjalo iwe, isibonelo, Venezuela noma Iran.

E-US futhi ngikhathazekile ngokuthi Russia okuhloswe ukuthengisa Iran S-300, kokuba ukubonakalisa missile kuhlasela US noma Israyeli ngisemncane kakhulu. Akubuzwa ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi missile "Calibre" - lena akuyona emoyeni ukuzivikela futhi isiteleka izikhali.

"Calibre" izici. Kungani West Ngesaba kakhulu?

Ngasekuqaleni missile izinhlelo ayehloselwe bufakwe kuphela imikhumbi-ngwenya. Kodwa ukufohla okb "Innovator" itholakala lokuthi ukuthi entsha cruise ezicitshwayo ezifakiwe esitsheni ezivamile futhi ungagijima autonomously. Ngakho ukusetshenziswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo yasishintsha.

"Kala-K" engenayo imingcele esisemthethweni iyasebenza. Ibanga cruise micibisholo "Calibre-K" ivela amabili namashumi amahlanu ukuba ezingamakhulu amathathu amakhilomitha, awayona ballistic. Ngaphambili, amaMelika wasuka nganoma yisiphi umkhawukho wesikhathi nepahla ethunyelwa eenarheni zangaphandle of cruise micibisholo "Tomahawk". Ngenxa yalokho, neRussia engenayo imingcele ukuthekelisa cruise kweminsalo, ikakhulukazi ibanga elincane enjalo.

Yini ngakho uxwayiswe lempi missile eziyinkimbinkimbi nePentagon sika "Calibre"? izici eziyinkimbinkimbi Awekho sverhtehnologichnym ezahlukene kanye ezintsha. It has no imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo ukushaya eziqondiwe akuyona eshesha.

Nokho, ingozi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze isitha ukuthi unesikhundla ngempela esitsheni icwecwe futhi cishe ezingabonakali kunoma intelligence - lobuchwepheshe noma emoyeni. Kungaba lula ukufaka cishe noma kuphi, isibonelo, ukuzivikela ugu. Phela, kungcono cruise ezicitshwayo kuphela. Kodwa! Siyabonga kubo, ikhefu okungazelelwe ukuzivikela ugu ngeke isebenze ngoba uma kudinga ukuba hit imigomo eminingi kakhulu, eziningi zazo uyoba zamanga.

Ngakho-ke, abathwali musa alinge fly up eduze ogwini bese umkhumbi lokushaya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni akukwazi kuhle kakhulu uma izama ukufika.

Waveza umbono wokuthi uma ukuzivikela emoyeni futhi zicashile ezindabeni isitsha esifanayo, emingceleni zasolwandle, ngokuqinisekile akekho owayezobhekwa ngilinge kudle.

Kanjani ukwakha esitsheni rocket

Missile izinhlelo, isitsha uhlobo ekhiqizwa eRussia JSC "Ukukhathazeka" Morinformsystem-Agathe. " Kokunye isitsha efakwe kwethulwa ezicitshwayo ezine. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, sidinga esitsheni ngaphezulu ezimbili ezifanayo. Kwelinye phansi kufanele kube control unit, futhi enye - ukwesekwa Module ukuphila futhi ugesi. Ngabo kwenziwe nokugcinwa nsuku zonke bese sihlola, ethola imiyalo kulesi sigameko, ukubala idatha kwelitshe, eqhuba ukuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kokuqala, mission indiza namarokhethi kokuqala.

Ukuze uqaphele konke lokhu, ukubaluleka kokukhulumisana okuhle, navigation ngesiphuphutheki, iposi umyalo kanye nezisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, abashokobezi cishe ukusizakala kule nqubo, njengoba bengenayo iziphuphutheki, futhi "Calibre" amukela uxhumano ngokusebenzisa Russian isikhala eqenjini.

Isitsha ezicitshwayo - bubhalwe usongo zokuhlasela esikhathini

Injongo esitsheni complex ehlome imikhumbi sokuya empini phakathi izinsongo zangaphandle. Kutholwe eduze nogu, alivala ehla nogu lwase kusukela izikebhe kokwehla. Ephambi kwezinduna imigwaqo nojantshi, ziba mobile anti-izakhiwo, ekwazi ukumisa isitha at ibanga amakhilomitha hhayi ngaphansi kuka ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela lezi izakhiwo kuphumelela kakhulu.

Kuphela "Calibre" omunye kwanele esikhundleni imikhumbi kanye zezindiza asolwandle. Intengo Thobekile eyinkimbinkimbi ezincintisanayo kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa izimpahla ezibizayo iNtshonalanga Yurophu. Isakhiwo uphelele ngwenya isiJalimane, frigates, iSpanishi, isiNtaliyane, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye nezinye izikhali. Ngisho-United Arab Emirates nazo ngentshiseko ibuke izakhiwo.

Russian missile izakhiwo

Umndeni "Calibre» (noma «Club» - ukuthekelisa yayo samuntu) kuhlanganisa ezicitshwayo ezinhlanu imisebenzi ehlukene, amandla kanye ububanzi. Photo "Calibre" lapha ngenzansi.

Antiship cruise 3M54E ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo 'Emhlophe "esetshenziselwa ukuhlasela on yezinkampani izindiza. Operating uhla missile ingamakhilomitha angu-angamakhulu amathathu. Ijubane ukundiza missile kuyinto 0.8 Isivinini umsindo. Lapho esondela umgomo ijubane layo uma igijima uyanda futhi angaphezu kwelilodwa ikhilomitha elilodwa ngomzuzwana. Nokho, ukucwila umkhumbi othwala izindiza nge bhaklu missile ngeke, ngakho iyisikhali wezindlela.

Rocket "Alpha"

Kodwa ingxenye yokuqala uhlelo missile kwaba rocket, "Alpha", okwakubekelwa abonakale kuqala ngo-1993 eneminyaka embukisweni e Abu Dhabi kanye ngamazwe Aerospace ingabonisi Zhukovsky. Ngawo lowo nyaka ke eselineminyaka.

Western notation rocket - SS-N-27 Sizzler. Nokho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi "Club", "Turquoise" futhi "Alpha". Kodwa Russian cipher ezicitshwayo - "Calibre".

India lokuqala ngithenge isando missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Calibre". Bakhandwa efakwe frigates futhi ngwenya ehlome amabutho asolwandle yeNdiya, eyakha izinkampani Russian. Labo ngwenya ukuthi Usukuthengile, belungisa izinto kanye nomsebenzi sesimanje. Futhi, lezi zinhlelo nangomcibisholo, kwanqunywa ukuba endaweni China nakwamanye amazwe amaningana.

"Gauge-H" futhi "C-osezingeni"

Ngo-1990, ukuthekelisa futhi wanikela ezicitshwayo Club-N kanye Club-S ngwenya nemikhumbi ebusweni. Babeqale esetshenziswa ukunqoba ngwenya. Ngakho, 91RE1 rocket umkhankaso kusukela tube torpedo ku amamilimitha angu ayisihlanu nantathu. Esebenzisa ingxenye esiqinile injini sidlule ngaphansi kwamanzi enyuka. Ngokulandelayo, motor inikwe amandla futhi esigabeni sesibili cruise missile "Isikali" uqhubekela kwaze kwaba seqophelweni yesiteleka. Submarine, eyedwa. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ngaphezu kweminsalo, ngwenya ukushaya, kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaba ifakwe anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo. ngwenya Famous "Warszawianka" Project 636,3 zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali izakhiwo Club-S. Basuke zithunyelwe ngaphandle kwelaseNdiya neChina, eVietnam futhi Algeria.

Cruise missile 3M14E

Le missile sinezici obufanayo 3M54E1. Nokho, uklanyelwe ukuba achithe phansi amatshe, hhayi ngaphansi kwamanzi ( "Calibre PL") kanye ebusweni ( "Calibre NC"). Missile simiso lolu hlobo ngokuhlukile kancane elawulwa. Tincenye ukuphathwa salo barovysotomer enikeza indiza esilayidi ngenxa isidingo olunembile ababambelela ukuphakama ngesikhathi ukuqoqa kwendawo zosizo futhi kwahlonywa uhlelo satellite Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, okuyinto enomthelela ephezulu ukucacisa isiqondiso.

3M54E futhi 3M54E1. Lokufanako nalokwehlukile

3M54E 3M54E1 futhi ludinge ukuhlelwa efanayo. Zenziwa ngokuvumelana ejwayelekile ukumiswa sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza okuya phansi trapezoid iphiko, kodwa kuhluke isibalo izigaba.

Ngezinye kwethulwa 3M54E izigaba ezintathu: fuel okuqinile ekuqaleni, uMsekeli ketshezi reagent nowesithathu fuel okuqinile.

Qala iqala ngenxa esigabeni sokuqala, ngemva kwalokho-ke ahlukaniswa futhi yethulwa booster-ukuvulwa iphiko. Ijubane kulesigaba ifinyelela amamitha amabili namashumi amane ngomzuzwana. Ngemva ukuthola ilitshe esiteji wesibili nazo ezihlukaniswe bese eqala eyesithathu. Ijubane ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuthuthukiseni kuze amamitha ayizinkulungwane ngomzuzwana.

Umehluko omkhulu kusukela rocket 3M54E1 3M54E - kuyinto engekho esigabeni sesithathu. Ngakho-ke 3M54E1 missile has Subsonic kuphela. Kuyinto esifushane kuka ngamamitha amabili. Kodwa warhead zalo ezingaphezu kuka sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili uma liqhathaniswa 3M54E rocket. 3M54E1 izimpukane kanye ukuqhathanisa imodeli, kodwa hhayi bahlakazeka ekupheleni.

Izikhali zakamuva Russia

Amabili nantathu ngo-September 2014 induna Black Sea Navy kubika umongameli ukuthi Novorossiysk uzobe ngwenya based, esibekela imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo cruise ezicitshwayo. Lapho uMongameli bacela ukucaciseleka ngalokho ncamashi uhla umbuzo, umlawuli imikhumbi ukuthi uhla kweminsalo ingamakhilomitha angu neshumi nanhlanu. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa imicibisholo evuthayo entsha Russian babe cruise ezicitshwayo 3M14 umndeni ka "Calibre".

Iqiniso ukuthi ngwenya ingenakukwazi kagesi ezisesandleni Black Sea imikhumbi, yethule torpedoes ubukhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu nantathu milimitha. It has kulezi zici futhi uhambe missile "gauge" okubhekiselwe kuwo ngenhla. Le missile yethulwa kusukela ekufakweni mpo noma amadivayisi ngwenya torpedo. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, liqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili ukulwa amayunithi: ekhethekile futhi ezivamile. Ngenxa ingxenye ekhethekile yezenzo missile kungasho lukhulu kunalokho.

Lokhu izikhali zakamuva Russian Black Sea Fleet ikuvumela ukuba hit okuhloswe ngaphandle woLwandle Olumnyama, hhayi kokushiya izindawo ukuthunyelwa unomphela.

Ngakho umphakathi waziswa mayelana ububanzi yezikhali ezicitshwayo nengxenye ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Kodwa ochwepheshe eside babesazi lokhu ngisho isikhathi eside-ibanga ezicitshwayo. Ngo-2012, induna iCaspian weqembu lemikhumbi ishilo kakade ukuthi "Calibre" rocket, eyayibonakala ogibele imikhumbi wakhe bengazizwa khona ushaye uhla amakhilomitha ezimbili namakhulu ayisithupha.

Ngakho, Russian cruise ezicitshwayo ubambeke futhi ehlelwa "Tomahawk" US ezicitshwayo lahlukene emibili nengxenye ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha nge sezikhali zenuzi, nowokuzikhuza namakhulu ayisithupha nge high-eziyiziqhumane kwehlukana warhead.

ochwepheshe Military ku imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo ezicitshwayo

Odokotela babevumelana ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa eside cruise missile akwephuli iSivumelwano kuyi Lokuqedwa ezicitshwayo semisebenzi kanye naphakathi-range, ngoba nje ningaweli ethile yale dokhumenti, kanye nezinye, sibonga US, is akulindelekile khona.

nemibukiso yamanje

ochwepheshe International babeyazi ukuthuthukiswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo enjalo ngaphambi 2009 embukisweni. Sikhungo eziphathelene nezempi iqhaza "Calibre" Kunenkolelo ngaphambili. Ngo-2006 e Nizhny Tagil Rocket "Alpha" waba lokuqala kwabonisa embukisweni. Futhi sikhuluma missile eside ngaphambi kwalokho, emuva ngo-90s.

Ngo-2010, i-international embukisweni wezempi e Qatar futhi missile uhlelo "Calibre" yethulwa. Lokhu ugu eziyinkimbinkimbi Club-M mobile-uhlobo Modular eziyinkimbinkimbi Club-U kanye esitsheni eziyinkimbinkimbi, kakade limelela ngonyaka ngaphambili eMalaysia, Club-K.