Minerals e eNingizimu neMelika: itafula, uhlu

Leli zwekazi South American lesine ngobukhulu futhi siqukethe 12 uthi ezimele. Amaminerali ethulwa eNingizimu Melika? Ama ifotho, incazelo bese uthola uhlu esihlokweni sethu.

geography

Isayithi eyinhloko itholakala ngaphakathi ama- Southern and Western, ise enyakatho ingxenye. Izwekazi i-Pacific Ocean entshonalanga Atlantic empumalanga eNyakatho neMelika, it is ahlukaniswe Isthmus of Panama.

Le ndawo kuleli zwekazi, kanye iziqhingi abangaba yizigidi 18 km. sq. Inani zezakhamuzi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-275, ne kwabantu of 22 abantu square kilometre. Isakhiwo nezwekazi sihlanganisa iziqhingi eziseduze, ezinye zazo basonta amazwe nakwamanye amazwekazi, ezifana Falkland Islands (UK), French Guiana (France).

I-Ningizimu Melika has a obuphelele esikhulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, okuyinto ukuthonywa kumiswa okungafani sezulu kanye zezemvelo. Ezwekazini itholakala zokuzamazama eziyisithupha zezulu, kusukela esipholile ukuze subequatorial. Kugcine atholakala lapha kabili. I-Ningizimu Melika kuyinto nezwekazi zinomswakama isikhathi esiningi, nakuba ehlane kukhona kwezinye izindawo.

Minerals Ningizimu Melika (uhlu - kamuva esihlokweni) wehlukile kakhulu, futhi inhlabathi nesimo sezulu mahle wezolimo. Ezwekazini, amahlathi amaningi, imifula kanye namachibi, kuhlanganise emfuleni ejulile emhlabeni - Amazon, kanye yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke echibini Titicaca.

impumuzo

Isakhiwo ezwekazini ulula, naphezu kwale mizamo, amaminerali eNingizimu Melika ethulwa inani elikhulu emasimini. Empeleni, insimu ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko - sezintaba ethafeni, okubandakanya emathafeni futhi ezinkangala.

Ingxenye esentshonalanga zaleli zwekazi emelelwa longissimus uhlelo entabeni - Andes. Ubude yabo idlula 9000 km neziqongo ezembethe ahlule 6000 amamitha ngaphezu komhlabathi. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu Mount Aconcagua.

Emathafeni zitholakala empumalanga. Akulesi ingxenye enkulu yaleli zwekazi. A indawo encane Ngasenyakatho Guiana Highlands, imiphetho okuyizinto nezimpophoma eziningi futhi zigodi.

Kutholwe ngezansi Highlands yaseBrazil, hlala ezingaphezu kwesigamu zwekazi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bodwa nokwehluka izimo ithafa zihlukaniswe Amathafa ezintathu. iphuzu zayo eliphakeme Mount Bandeira (2897 m).

I ayimigodi phakathi kwezintaba Amathafa kukhona i-Amazon, La Plata, Orinoco Izimfunda ezingasogwini. Basuke etholakala ngaphakathi komfula nezigodi ezijulile. Eliphansi emelelwa cishe okuyisidina sendawo flat.

nokwakheka

Minerals eNingizimu neMelika kwamiswa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ngo parallel kumiswa zwekazi. Territory, njengoba kunjalo ne impumuzo wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha entshonalanga nasempumalanga.

Esempumalanga ye-South America Platform. It ngokuphindaphindiwe lishiywa ngaphansi kwamanzi, kanjalo, inzika kwakhiwa (owehla emkhakheni) kanye crystal (ezindaweni sivuselele) amatshe. Ezindaweni of Brazil kanye Guiana Highlands kuya outcrops ebusweni amatshe metamorphic futhi igneous.

Engxenyeni esentshonalanga is eligoqiwe entabeni ibhande njengengxenye Pacific Ring of Fire. Andes - kuwumphumela ukungqubuzana izingqimba lithospheric. kumiswa yabo wenzeka manje, okuyinto kubonakala mlilo. Nazi ezimbili intaba-mlilo eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni, enye yazo (llullaillaco) oyibamba.

Minerals Ningizimu Melika (kafushane)

Mineral izinsiza emelelwa izwekazi metal imikhando, ikakhulukazi yensimbi kanye manganese, okuyizinto ngaphakathi Brazilian futhi Guiana amashidi owendlalekile. Lapha ezibekwe idiphozithi yanoma amadayimane, igolide kanye bauxite.

Ngenxa yalokho kwetinhlavu Andes orogeny, lezi zindawo kwakhiwa ezahlukene imvelo namaminerali eNingizimu Melika. Ore nele-non-metallic namaminerali zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zokhahlamba. I yokuqala bebumelele e-Andes enemisebe futhi non-ayoni metal imikhando, kanti isixuku esikhulu akhiwa elaliphansi. Andes nazo ezigcine zamatshe ayigugu.

Ezindaweni kuleli zwekazi, e agcwalise intermountain futhi ayimigodi kwakhiwa rocks sedimentary. Kukhona ezifakwa kwamalahle, uwoyela negesi yemvelo. Lamasu ezivuthayo uye, isibonelo, Orinoco ezisezansi, ithafa toothfish, kanye lezi ziqhingi Tierra del Fuego, elise-Atlantic Ocean.

Minerals Ningizimu Melika (Ithebula)

embonini yezimayini

ezingeni nomnotho emazweni kulelivekati siyahluka kakhulu. kukhona amaningi asethuthukile Brazil, e-Argentina nase-Venezuela. Bangabakhe amazwe asanda athuthuka. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu yentuthuko ebonwe French Guiana, Bolivia, Ecuador, Suriname, Paraguay, Guyana. Okunye amazwe ngesikhathi liqala Lesisemkhatsini.

Minerals yeNingizimu Melika ukukhiqizwa yabo zidlala indima ebalulekile ukuwohloka komnotho wamazwe amaningi kuleli zwekazi. EVenezuela, embonini yezimayini ebangela 16% emali wezwe. Lapha, njengoba e-Argentina, eColombia, e-Ecuador, esikhiqiza uwoyela, amalahle kanye negesi yemvelo. Colombia amumethe ezifakwa zamatshe ayigugu, it is Uze abizwe nangokuthi 'Emerald zwe. "

Metal imikhando misela eChile, Suriname, Guyana ne-Brazil. ore yethusi eChile, uwoyela eVenezuela, ithini eBolivia, okwenziwa esakhiweni, nakuba imithombo eminingi woza nokukhishwa eluhlaza.

Ukuze asetshenziswe ezindlini uhlala esincane kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa. The main ingxenye kuqhubeka ukudayiswa. Akhishiwe uwoyela, bauxite, ithini tungsten antimony, molybdenum namanye amaminerali eNingizimu Melika.

isiphetho

Ezwekazini zihlukile izinsiza imvelaphi amaminerali, sibonga oyiyo ekhethekile Geological eNingizimu Melika. Ezindaweni entshonalanga yezwe Songa kwakhiwa rocks igneous futhi metamorphic. Ngenxa yalokho, kwamiswa khona inani elikhulu izidubedube kuleli zwekazi, okuyinto amelwa metallic nezisetshenziswa nonmetallic, isibabule, iodine namatshe ayigugu.

Ezinye izindaba zika-izwekazi embozwe ithafa ngamathayi kancane crystalline kanye sedimentary. Ziyakwazi idiphozithi yanoma bauxite, metal imikhando, igolide. Izingxenye ezinkulu ehlanganiswa emathafeni futhi Piedmont ukucindezeleka. Kukhona ikakhulu izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi (uwoyela, igesi, amalahle) inhlabathi kwakheka.