Militia, okuyinto wasindisa wekuba sive Russian

INGEMUVA nabezempi

Ukukhululwa eMoscow kubahlaseli Polish kwimemori abantu bakithi is ngokwesiko ohlonishwayo omunye iziqephu nobuqhawe kakhulu emlandweni Russian. Lo mcimbi wagqoka par ukuhoxa uhlakaniphile Kutuzov kusukela dolobha e 1812, okwaholela ukundiza Napoleon ezivela eRussia. Futhi ukuvikela eMoscow ngo-1941, wangcwatyelwa uhlelo blitzkrieg kwe-Adolf Hitler. Namuhla, lesi sehlakalo sihlobene nesimo-level iholide - National Unity Day, elimelela abezempi abantu e-ubuso kumhlali.

nesikhathi Nezinkinga

I ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa uvivinyo kanzima isimo Russian. Inkathi okuthiwa nasezincwadini zomlando esikoleni, "Isikhathi Nezinkinga", kwakuhambisana kokubili nge zinhlekelele yangaphakathi, oluphelele, futhi c anda izitha wangaphandle. Impi Livonian ekupheleni nesithupha isizukulwane ekhulwini bazamukela esibucayi ezinzima kwezomnotho, indlala ezinkulu kuqinisa serfdom ukuqhunyiswa, amaphaphu nikhula umphakathi kanye, yebo, ukunciphisa ezingaba lempi isimo. Ngenxa yalokhu, emgqeni uphazamisa we lwamakhosi elibusayo, inhlokomo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, njalo ukufuduka mithi esihlalweni sobukhosi Muscovy okwenza kubelula ezilingayo abafokazi. isisindo Obalulekile nethonya esifundeni aluthola umakhelwane ngaphakathi the bombo of isimo Polish, uhlangabezana mhlawumbe izimbali enkulu amandla okubusa zonke emlandweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, enye impi Russian-Polish, eyaqala ngo-1609, yasheshe yaholela ukuwa inombolo wezinqaba ezibalulekile Russian (njenge Smolensk futhi Kaluga) futhi ukuphuma ngesamagundane futhi kamuva ukufa Amanga Dmitry II futhi ekugcineni emasosheni umsebenzi weNkosi eMoscow Sigismund III.

ukunganeliseki ethandwa

I umsebenzi eyathatha iminyaka emibili - ekwindla 1610 kuya ekwindla 1612. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi labetibambile umcimbi, eyaziwa ngokuthi nezidlamlilo. Ngesikhathi ibutho elinamandla njalo owayezinikele Umphikisi namandla, isinyathelo okwadingeka asithathe amabutho abantu. Okokuqala izidlamlilo waqala ukuthatha ukuma ekuqaleni kuka 1611 ku isinyathelo ngaphansi kokulawula enhle Procopius Lyapunov. Ukwakha kanye nabasePoland nase-isikhalazo zamabutho ethandwa iphutha kwasekuqaleni ezicashe ukuvikela amazwe Orthodox weNkosi lamaKatolika. Bet on umbono wamasiko kwadingeka impendulo okukhulu phakathi kwabantu, futhi kulesi simo, umdali ebalulekile izidlamlilo baba uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Hermogenes, shayela zokumelana.

Ukusebenza okwenzeka ngo-January 1611, lapho amabutho elwa amadoda kanye Cossacks ka Ryazan, Novgorod nakwamanye amadolobha wathutha eMoscow. Nokho impi ewumnqamula-juqu senzeka ngo-March, lapho izinsuku eMoscow ezimbili Ukufutheka ilangabi, amanye amasosha Polish baphanga yengcebo, ukulungiselela ashona, ngenxa umehluko eminqubeni abezempi abantu izihlubuki yebhizinisi lihlulekile yabhujiswa. Noma kunjalo, ezama ukukhulula inhlokodolobha kwesokunxele kwakungafanele. Futhi ekwindla ka-1611 e Nizhny Novgorod, ngaqala ukwakha abezempi kazwelonke omusha. Tinhloko kuye sikhathi umabhalane waqala umdala Kuzma Minin futhi Dmitry Pozharsky wohlanga olukhulu abasha, futhi yakhuthaza abantu ukuba bavikele Lobu-Orthodox. Okwesibili izidlamlilo baqhubeka ngenkuthalo balolonge ngesikhathi okwalandela 1612, iyavuleka izinsalela wahlulwa lokuqala Yabantu Army, kanye zokuhlanganisa amaqembu amasha bendawo futhi abalimi ka ezimaphakathi. Ngo-April 1612 main sihlubuki amabutho basuke bagxila Yaroslavl, lapho uhlobo endlunkulu main lempi yasungulwa - "UMkhandlu Wonke Umhlaba".

Ukuxoshwa nabasePoland

Ukuze kwesigamu Agasti wesibili, lezi zihlubuki ephethwe ukungena eMoscow bevimbezela futhi ekuvimbezeleni izindonga zangaphakathi ngaphandle komuzi, kulandele nabasePoland wanyamalala. Le mpi esemqoka wahlulwa isikaniso Hetman Yana Hodkevicha futhi ezathathwa ezibiyele, eMoscow, bese kuthi emva kwalokho sokunikela ekugcineni akhululwa.
Ngakho, indima abezempi abantu angakwazi neze overestimated e Russian isimo ukonga.