Metropolitan - Metropolitan ngakho ... Russian Church

Metropolitan - umiselwa a zesigaba esiphezulu enhlanganweni yaKhe amukelwa yisonto lobuKristu. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ezisemthethweni isihloko ezilotshwe imibhalo mina WamaSonto Council, ebibanjelwe WaseNicaea ngo-325. Kwathiwa ngaphambilini indawo yakhe sabaphathi.

Iziphathimandla isonto

Ngaphansi koMbuso waseRoma, umuzi omkhulu wabantu esifundazweni ngokuthi Metropolitan. Umbhishobhi, kokuba uMnyango, okungukuthi yokuhlala lakhe archdiocese ngokuthi Metropolitan.

Metropolitan - isihloko eliphakeme uMbhishobhi. Umbhishobhi (elengamele, nadsmatrivayuschy) e ithuba has a degree ubupristi ephakeme yesithathu ngemva Deacon futhi umdala (aka Ophakeme, aka uFata). Ngakho-ke, uMbhishobhi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umbhishobhi. "Arch" - ucezu ababevela isiGreki futhi ukhonza ukhombise osesikhundleni esiphakeme kobufundisi. Kwababhishobhi the dioceses kubuswa futhi silalele Metropolitan. Uma bhishobhi lalilikhulu, ababhishobhi noma ababhishobhi, ukuphatha ke, nabizelwa abakhulu. I-Russian Orthodox Church lesi sihloko ehlonishwayo ukuba nje ngemuva Metropolitan.

umehluko zangaphandle

Lezi ezinhlwini kobufundisi ephakeme bheka isigqoko ezahlukene - kwenzakalani. Ababhishobhi ukugqoka black, ababhishobhi abakhulu - Black nge cross ezenziwe amatshe ayigugu kanye namatshe, Metropolitans ukugqoka hoods mhlophe ngesiphambano efanayo. Ziyahlukahluka kuye, futhi nesiphuku. Ngakho, zababhishobhi nababhishobhi abakhulu kukhona onsomi noma amnyama obomvu, Metropolitan - blue, uMphathi othwala isiphuku oluhlaza. Ngo yokuHlawula zonke episcopate izembatho abamnyama. Metropolitan - lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha. Isabelo isiqu esinjalo uhlobo umvuzo, timphawu, enika ngenxa yosizo lwakhe. I Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia Sanov abakhulu nababhishobhi basemasontweni badunyiswa ababhishobhi ngoba kokufaneleka siqu phambi kwebandla. Basuke anikezwe futhi isikhathi eside.

Omunye endala kakhulu

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Metropolitan - isihloko endala ebandleni lobuKristu. Abanye abacwaningi yeSonto bakholelwa ukuthi basemasontweni ababengabaphostoli, abanye zihlanganisa ukuvela kwalesi azishiyele ekhulwini II, lapho kwakukhona isidingo yinye lokulandelana kubaphathi besonto. Futhi ngonyaka 325 kanye 341 eMkhandlwini WabaBhishobhi san isanda efakwe ngokuphelele. amandla aye bhalisiwe, okuyinto kakhulu anda ivolumu. Konke wavunyelwa ngokomthetho futhi kulawulwa, akufanele ube ezingaphezu kuka zibangele noma iyiphi impikiswano. Cathedral Toledo, owawuse-589, nakakhulu enwetshiwe umthetho wedolobha - manje ukuthi ajezise ababhishobhi okhonzile. Ngokuvamile, imfundiso yobuKristu lamiswa ngo nemiKhandlu IV - VIII eminyaka. Iminyaka eyalandela abalethanga izinguquko eziphawulekayo.

Eyokuqala

Rus wabhapathizwa ekupheleni X leminyaka, lapho Prince uVladimir Elikhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, lithi ngonyaka 988, kodwa ezinye izazi-mlando ukubiza futhi 991. Futhi, akukho idatha mayelana Metropolitan lokuqala Kiev. Kodwa kusukela ngekhulu XVI, kucatshangwa ukuthi kwaba Michael. Wayenezingane igama umSiriya, ngoba bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye yobuhlanga noma ngesiGreki, noma waseSiriya.

Kukholakala ukuthi Metropolitan Michael nezindela, owafika naye, igolide oluyingungu uMichael futhi Kyïv Mezhegorsky zigodlo zakhiwa. Championship imincintiswano Metropolitan Leonty, eminye imithombo ithi kwaba Metropolitan yakhe yokuqala ngosuku olufanayo iBhodi - iminyaka 992-1008. Kwabe sekufika uTheophylact, John mina, Feopemt, Kirill mina amaGreki. Usuku ebhodini ngamunye wabo baphikisana. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bonke abantu bakhona abantu bezinye izizwe.

Russian lokuqala

Futhi kuphela ngokwamukela lesi esiphezulu 1051 futhi abusa esontweni kuze 1054, Metropolitan uHilarion (Rusin) kwaba compatriot. Washona mayelana 1088. Ibandla wahola phakathi nesikhathi Yaroslava Mudrogo. Bakhazimulisa njengoba saint - eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox ecwengileko zesigaba Episcopal. He is umbhali wencwadi ethi "IZwi ngoMthetho noGrace," wabhala 1030-1050, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala, "Umthandazo", "Confession of Faith".

Metropolitan uHilarion futhi wabhala kutuswe Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. imininingwane ezincane kakhulu ngokuphila uHilarion, kodwa "I Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" ibonisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa Kiev-Pechersk Lavra kwaqala ngo 1051, okungukuthi, phakathi nokubusa uHilarion. Esikhathini Novgorod II Chronicle ithi, ngokuhamba 1054 Metropolitan of Kiev baba Efrayimi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo 1054 by Yaroslav Mudrogo Illarion isuswe.

Saint futhi isimangaliso isisebenzi

sibalo abalulekile kakhulu emlandweni Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kwaba Metropolitan Alexy. He is ongumvikeli ezimbili eMoscow abadumile All Russia, Lezinzalamizi - u-Alexis I (Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky, uMphathi kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1970), kanye Alexy II (Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, uMphathi kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-2008).

Njengoba bevela emkhayeni boyar, indodana Fodora Byakonta, umsunguli we eziningana imikhaya yizicukuthwane ezifana Pleshcheev futhi Ignatiev. Zonke Russia isimangaliso isisebenzi kanye saint eMoscow (abagcotshwa iminyaka engu-50 ngemva kokufa kwakhe), Metropolitan Alexy esikhathini sakhe baphumelele eside njengoba isikhulu sikahulumeni futhi ohlakaniphile ezicashile. Kanye nayo babenikela ngayo Duchy of Lithuania kanye zidlamlilo, naye kwadingeka yoxhumana nabo, futhi kolunye uhlobo - U-Alexis Hanshi Taydulu yalapheka isifo samehlo. Kusukela 1354 oqokelwe isikhundla Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople, Metropolitan Kyïv kanye Zonke Rus Elevferiy Fodorovich Byakont (emhlabeni) kwaba kulo mkhakha kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1378. Wasungula zezindela eziningana, kuhlanganise Chudov sezindela esikhathini Kremlin. I ezibiyele ngokwayo uma wakha etsheni. Ngaphandle yesigodlo, afike wasungula khona iSikhungo Spaso-Anidroniku, Simonov, Vvedensky Episcopal futhi Serpukhov zezindela. Wabhala imisebenzi eziningana zenkolo. Izinsalela ezingcwele zabantwana umenzi wezimangaliso 1947 bayiswa Bloch Epiphany Cathedral eMoscow, lapho amanga kuze kube yilolu suku.

Metropolitan-bakubo

Kusukela ngesikhathi we Ukubhapathizwa Russia futhi ngekhulu XIV, izwe kwaba Metropolitan eyodwa, enhloko yalo umiswa iConstantinople. Yiqiniso, ngokuvamile kakhulu ethunyelwe basemasontweni kwakungafanele Russian. Izikhulu uthanda ukubona kule posi Bakwethu, ngoba ngaphambili 1589 savulwa e-Russia umbhishobhi omkhulu, nababhishobhi basemasontweni wema ngasemnyango ikhanda nayiziphathimandla zesonto, nokunye kwakuxhomeke kubo. Ikhanda lokuqala Russian yesonto Kiev kwaba Clement (Smolyatich, phakathi nokubusa 1147-1156). Khona-ke ehhovisi nabo bebekhona amaGreki baseBulgaria. Kodwa kusukela wokubusa uTheodosius (1461-1464), lapho kwaqala inkathi yesikhathi autocephaly wesonto lesizwe ngasekhanda lalo babe Metropolitans ikakhulukazi isiRashiya, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lalibizwa ngokuthi "eMoscow All Russia."

Umholi sesonto esivelele nomlobi ngubani washiya umlando abalulekile tetemibhalo, uTheodosius (Byvaltsev) lidume ngokuba eMoscow Metropolitan kuqala lesisihlabelelo isikhulu Russian hhayi Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople. Lona esontweni isikhundla esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia - Metropolitan eMoscow, ngaphambi ukuvunyelwa sabefundisi kusukela wokubusa uTheodosius namanje egqoka Philip mina Gerontius, Zosima noSimoni. Futhi ithuba ke waklonyeliswa Barlaam noDaniyeli, uJosefa Macarius, Athanasius futhi uPhilip II, Kirill, Antony futhi noDiyonisiyu. Moscow Metropolitan uJobe yayingomunye kakade noMbhishobhi kuqala.