Malina: amamaki eSiberia. Incazelo, ikakhulukazi ukutshala kanye nokugcinwa

Ongenayo dream lapho kuqala ukunambitheka ehlobo raspberry elimnandi? Lona berry ethandwa kakhulu phakathi balimi amateur. Abakwazi ukukhuluma phakade mayelana nezinhlobo, betshala, ukutshalwa, ukunambitheka nombala izithelo. Futhi indlela esihlwabusayo ujamu okunempilo okusajingijolo!

Kuphela ukuphila emfushane yalesi izithelo: izinhlobo zawo ezivamile nithele phakathi ehlobo, kanye ngonyaka - ke kuncike ezihlukahlukene kanye nesifunda ezikhulayo. Kodwa lokho abalandeli raspberry abahlala eSiberia futhi bafuna ukutshala ke lokhu berry?

Hhayi kudala ukuthi ezifuywa abalimi "laseSiberia" raspberry - izinhlobo eSiberia, eziklanyelwe yokutshala kule ndawo.

Ukwaziswa Okumayelana raspberry

Okusajingijolo imelele umndeni Rosaceae Luss - Rosaceae, uhlobo lwe Rubus L. Lokhu izihlahlana zisetshenziswa kokuba mfushane umjikelezo wokuphila aboveground plant izingxenye. Uhlelo impande kuyinto isiphunzi nge izimpande amaningi adventitious ukuthi luhlanganise a ka 40 cm.

I amahlumela esigaxeni kunikeza izinhlobo ezimbili zokukhiqiza kabusha futhi esikhundleni. Okungenhla-phansi ingxenye isitshalo iyakhula imijikelezo ezimbili: lonyaka owodwa amahlumela zikhule emuva onyakeni wokuqala kuze ekwindla snap ebandayo, ngomnyaka wesibini anika sokuvuna, zome futhi zisuswe.

Litholakala ukuthi okusajingijolo isivuno kuncike ukuphakama futhi ububanzi Ukuphunyuka ephakeme neziqu, kulapho amagatsha izithelo kwakheka kwi kubo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, aba maningi isivuno. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngokushesha banakekele ekudaleni kwezimo ezifanele ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula amahlumela.

Yini okufanele ibe sesitshalo raspberry eSiberia

Malina akusho Nokho zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ukuthi lesi sitshalo zithandwa abandayo, okuyinto kunciphisa kungenzeka kulinywe yayo ezindaweni sezulu elibuhlungu. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba ozithatha ukutshala lolu kwezitshalo, kubalulekile ukutadisha izinhlobo ukuthi kungcono ukuhanjwa enhlabathini bese zezulu nemibandela esifundeni okuzokwenziwa raspberry esekhulile. Amabanga eSiberia kumele kube, ngaphezu kwakho konke, Achievers abandayo nemithi abavuthiwe ngaphambi kokuqala kubanda futhi livikela nezilokazane nezifo.

Ukuze uphumelele ukutshalwa raspberry, edingekayo cishe 75 izinsuku kuya lokushisa eliphelele phezu 10 ° C, futhi izinkomba asebenzayo lokushisa kusho kusuka 1600 kuya 1800 ° C. EWestern eSiberia labo lokuhlangabezana nenqubo izifunda elise eningizimu komugqa kwendawo Khanty-Mansiysk, Krasnoyarsk. E-Eastern baseSiberia buthatha izindawo ezincane Selenga Basin, le Angara futhi Yenisei, futhi eliseMpumalanga Ekude kufanelekile ukutshala cishe yonke Amur soMfula.

raspberry eSiberia

Okusajingijolo iyaphendula kubathinta ukuze eliphansi kakhulu umswakama emoyeni notshwala: sorokaprotsentnoy umswakama isihlobo engaphansi kuka-40%, bese eqala okuthiwa "emoyeni elomile", okuyinto alithintwa ngisho ukuchelela ka nenhlabathi. It kuholela ukuncipha ezinkulu ezithela izithelo Ukushintshwa.

Ngokuphathelene Southern Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Left Bank of the iVolga, kulezi zifunda kakhulu ehlaselwe ukoma ngokweqile sezulu yezwekazi.

Abazalanisi aye elalihloselwe ngokukhethekile bazivumelanisa kwezimo ezinzima raspberry. Amabanga eSiberia, ethandwa kakhulu esifundeni esisenyakatho, lokhu okulandelayo:

• Spark laseSiberia - ibanga nge Ukusungula imigomo ebhekela amazinga amajikijolo yokuvuthwa;
• Early amnandi - yokuvuthwa raspberry uyisa ngokuphelele yesithwathwa eSiberia;
• Barnaul - superstoyky frost grade;
• Umklomelo - uhlobo eziqinile amajikijolo amnandi;
• Isipho eSiberia - Middle-ebusika-eziqinile ezihlukahlukene, kakhulu ukumelana nezifo, amajikijolo omnyama.

Imibandela yokutshala

Kuwo wonke amajikijolo raspberry kuphela olindele kakhulu khona ukukhanya. Ukukhiqiza kwandisa samahlumela awo ngcono ukukhanya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afeze ilungiswe, ukuzinza kanye ukukhethela elilungile support system. Raspberries ku olukhuni engadini ukuze inhlabathi umswakama kanye akasabeli ukuntuleka umswakama. Kubaluleke kakhulu unamathele inhlabathi ngasekuqaleni yokukhula.

Okusajingijolo, ukwaba olukhuni xaxa umswakama, esikhathini esifanayo akakubekezeleli amanzi okukhulu. amanzi amaningi emhlabathini kuholela ukufa izimpande ngenxa yokushodelwa umoya kubambezela ukukhula amahlumela imisiwe ukuguga kwezicubu. Izitshalo kweso eyehlisiwe ukumelana ezibandayo futhi umkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lwegciwane likhula emhlabeni manzi.

Raspberries nazo efunwa kakhulu ukubunjwa mechanical nenhlabathi evundile lapho likhula. Ayikho into engcono ngaphezu kokukhonza ukutshala ama-raspberry endaweni ene-asidi kancane loam medium ehambisana amanzi okuhle.

Indlela ukukhetha indawo zokutshala

Isayithi, linqume ukuhlakaza ukhetha ukutshala ama-raspberry, kumele bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Buyadingeka eduze kwesigubhu kwidivaysi kusetshenziswa isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa (noma vodoskvazhiny).
2. Humus okuqukethwe, kudingeka ipulazi laying kumele ibe phakathi 8% nenhlabathi wavuma esidi noma hlangothi.
3. Kugcwele kufanele kube kahle permeable kanyekanye vlagoemok. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungenza wawuqala ngokulima hoeing.
4. Izinga lamanzi emhlabathini endaweni akufanele kube ngamamitha angaphezu kwelilodwa nengxenye kusuka emhlabathini, njengoba ukukhiqizwa raspberry nethonya elilimazayo umswakama ngokweqile, futhi entwasahlobo izikhukhula - ikakhulukazi. Zokutshala akuzona Saucers ofanele futhi emathafeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingosi ezinjalo enqabayo stagnate emoyeni mass, okuyinto kubambezela izinqubo zokudlulisa igesi futhi kuholela ukuthuthukiswa isikhunta futhi qa ebusika.
5. A indima ebalulekile idlalwe endaweni isivikelo ivunguze, ikakhulukazi phakathi ithala amagatsha ukugcwala izithelo.

Izici kulinywe

Ngesinye futhi endaweni efanayo okusajingijolo ezihlabayo kungazuzisa yenala cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili. Behind le iza, njengoba besho, "ukukhathala zenhlabathi." Lubonakaliswa yokuthi zigcine izakhi ayengezwa mpilo, kanti isimiso impande ukuguga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulazi aqoqana ezihlukahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic, kanye ne-port raspberry.

Incazelo ikhambi lale nkinga kuhlanganisa ezahlukene kwezitshalo uhlelo:

1. Bookmark emasimini senziwa kwesigamu endaweni ehlelelwe. Ngemva kweminyaka emine noma emihlanu zokutshala idluliswa ungene ngesiwombe sesibili, futhi lizibinye kuqala.
2. Ukuze izindawo ngokwanele enkulu ipulazi of entsha ikhefu ngonyaka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukutholakala wonke amaqembu obudala ukujika okuqhubekayo.
3. Noma alternation of ukutshala ama-raspberry, imifino (ngaphandle Solanaceae) kanye "umusi".

Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi uyozizwa raspberry ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni lamagquma isilinganiso kanye nemithambeka mnene, etholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga noma ecaleni lasentshonalanga.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Njengoba isitshalo raspberry futhi uthenge izithombo zakhe kufanele, njengoba umthetho, ngezikhathi ezehlukene, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina impahla isitshalo: ke dropwise okwesikhashana noma unyathele, ukubukela ukuthi uhlelo impande is hhayi asha ngenxa yokuntuleka inhlabathi compaction.

Okusajingijolo izindondolo kungukuthi banikezwe izingxenye ezinkulu frost zasemoyeni. Okushukunyiswa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ziwohloka ngisho at lokususa 28 ° C. Ngakho-ke, eSiberia futhi Urals, kufanele amboze ebusika. Ngokuvamile, esise-Ural, eNtshonalanga yeSiberia kuyinto wakhothama eyanele sifanamsindvo emhlabathini seeding yabo eqhweni. EMpumalanga Ekude, e-Eastern eSiberia kulethwa uzinameke inhlabathi (nge endleleni yezivini).

Iziqongo neziqu ezihlahleni ka raspberry, njengoba umthetho, musa ukuletha isivuno agcwele, kodwa imali ku zom kanye kumiswa izinso izakhamzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile ukufriza kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi kumelwe unqunywe ngokushesha emva izitshalo, kuye kwavela ivuka kulokhu kulala kwasebusika.

Izindlela okuqukethwe phakathi imigqa

I degree of ogelezayo nokumanzisa ipulazi iyisici oyinhloko emaphaseshi inqubo Ukukhetha ukunakekelwa, okudinga raspberry. Incazelo ubuchwepheshe ukuze kususwe umswakama futhi kulondolozwe ngendlela elandelayo:

1. I ngokweqile umswakama endaweni ngokuvamile yenziwa izindawo inter-irowu grassing, okungukuthi, betshala phakathi imigqa of a utshani ekhethekile. ishidi Isisindo sayo kwandisa ukususwa umswakama ngokweqile, futhi ihlinzeka imodi amanzi emoyeni kangcono esikhathini ungqimba inhlabathi, lapho izimpande zikhona. Ngakho-ke, ngisho manzi, nemvula phakathi imigqa kungekho udaka udaka.
2. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela umswakama noma ukuhwamuka ngokweqile yezinto utshani yayo mulching. Bright semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ungqimba ngokuvamile has a lokushisa a degrees ambalwa ngaphansana lokushisa air. Ngakho-ke emva ilanga liyashona, umswakama emoyeni uba futhi ubuyele emhlabathini. Okungukuthi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ngenkasa ezomile" nemibhede.

Futhi semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla umbala ukukhanya ibonisa imisebe yelanga, enika imigqa ukukhanya ngezansi, ukuthi unesikhathi Kusizuzisa kanjani zikhula raspberry - izinhlobo zidinga Ukusabalala ezengeziwe eSiberia.

zokutshala inhlangano

zokutshala Uthenge, isikhathi uthathwe ingxenye ukuphuka. Plantation sehlukaniswe strip-imigqa, ezama ukuqondisa kuyo yonke emithambekeni (izindawo ezinkulu) kanye nokunyakaza ebanzi yemimoya nemisinga enamandla. Libuye efiselekayo Orient uchungechunge ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, okuyinto eyenza yokucacisa umfaniswano sezihlahla nxazonke by inombolo, kanti lokho kunomthelela omuhle umkhiqizo wabo.

raspberry Ukutshala eSiberia kungaba kokubili ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungenza ngaphandle uchelela, okungukuthi umswakama yemvelo.

Kuye bomsebenzi ungakwazi ngesandla afeze lokubikezela, uma endaweni ipulazi kuyinto ehektheleni engaphansi, noma ngomshini, uma phezu.

Uma ukutshala Kwenziwa ngesandla, owokuqala ochungechungeni baqhutshwa nezikhonkwane futhi phakathi wire tensioned noma intambo. Okulandelayo okutshalwe nezihlahla ngababili, okusho ababili kwelinye kahle. Phakathi imithombo emuva ezimbili izinyawo futhi umhlaba phezu olandelayo emgodini ukuwa izimpande elele izithombo e kulowo odlule.

Stam izinhlobo esifundeni abandayo

Ngokuvamile, ingxenye libizwa boles ekunqandeni ebonakala kusuka phansi kuya legatsha lokuqala. Bole ayinakho amagatsha side futhi amahlumela. Ngokuphathelene Shtambovji "igama amajikijolo 'ezihlukahlukene kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo has a isiqu eqinile futhi ayidingi ukuba abopha trellises noma izisekelo.

Escape Stam izinhlobonhlobo raspberries - a esiyisigqigqi, emgqonyeni pryamorosly kokuba ukuphakama mayelana eziyisithupha amamitha. It has no wilts phezulu, ukhuni obukhulu, nabantu, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-raspberry okusajingijolo isihlahla.

Stam raspberry eSiberia emelelwa izinhlobo ezifana Stam-19, Fortress, Tarussa nabanye. Ziyakwazi kanzima futhi obukhulu neziqu, ngenkathi yesibili, bazinika isikhathi esiningi amagatsha izithelo isivuno sasiyoba sikhulu. Uma lokhu shtambe usike esikhundleni legatsha, ehlathini okusajingijolo lizofana umuthi ngeke ithambekele uma ngaphansi Isisindo isivuno. Uma lezi amagatsha ashiye, bayoba agobe, egcwele amajikijolo, kodwa ngeke sifinyelele phansi.

Amahlumela ukuthi otplodonosivshie, usike, njengoba izinhlobo ezivamile.

Growing raspberry remontant eSiberia

Kwakamuva izifundo abalimi alethwe ukumaketha izinhlobo ezintsha, ngokuthi remontant. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi remontant - the raspberries engcono eSiberia. Lezi zitshalo kungathela izithelo zezinkathi ezimbili, kodwa ikakhulu wayekwenza ukutshalwa ngonyaka. Isivuno lezi izinhlobo idlula fruiting evamile izikhathi ezine noma ezinhlanu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo remontant livikela kakhulu isifo, futhi thornless transportable kakhulu.

Monogrades ukutshalwa inikeza ukuthi ngemva kokuvuna nokuqala frost ngasekupheleni kukaMfumfu otplodonosivshie amahlumela bafa noma sika kuze ezingeni kwenhlabathi. Spring zikhule amagatsha amasha, bese inqubo iyaphindwa. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuqina lihlala.

izinhlobonhlobo Remontant ka raspberry eSiberia iphrezethe izinhlobo okusajingijolo ehlobo Indian, Cap Monomakh sika, Hercules, Bryansk isimangaliso, ezingafinyeleleki, Chief, Kalashnikov nabanye kanye nongqi kancane kwezimila.

Ukulima okusheshayo of amahlumela entwasahlobo emva iqhwa lincibilika bomhlaba embozwe black ikhava impahla, futhi ngemva kokuhluma setha trellis. Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvuke raspberry - lokho imfihlo yokukhula lesi sithelo eSiberia.

Izinzuzo nezingozi yonyaka remontant raspberry

Izinzuzo lokhu izilimo raspberry lifanele lifake hlangana:

• ukususwa otplodonosivshie of neziqu kwenza kube lula ukulwa nezilokazane nezifo;
• Awudingi ukumboza kwazo ehlobo;
• lokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali lincishisiwe;
• enwetshiwe ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa raspberry fresh;
• izinhlobo akufanele ebotshelwe apharathasi trellises;
• amajikijolo obukhulu kungukuthi ngigezwe, uvumele ezindaweni ezinkulu, inhlangano yokuvuna ngomshini;
• izinhlobonhlobo remontant ukukhiqiza ambalwa amahlumela esikhundleni futhi amahlumela, okwenza kube lula ukulwa ne okwesikhashana kodwa izinkinga zizalela raspberry.

Ububi main yalezi izinhlobo yinani eliphakeme izithombo, ngenxa esiphelweni nobunzima ezihlobene inombolo encane yenzalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobo yonyaka remontant wawo wonke amandla kunikezwa kumiswa ehlathini kanye nezitshalo kuso, ukuze izimpande futhi ihlume awunaso isikhathi ukuthuthukisa.