Main eCaucasus Ibanga: incazelo, Amapharamitha phezulu

Ngokumangalisayo enhle entabeni namathafa kungabonwa kulezi ubuhle emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele izindawo zayo. Umxhwele kakhulu iphakama - a Greater eCaucasus Range. Lokhu indawo lomudze kunabo bonkhe kanye elikhulu ubude bayo iziNtaba zaseCaucasus.

Small eCaucasus nezigodi (Rion Kura-ukucindezeleka) bakha eCaucasus eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Caucasus: incazelo jikelele

Caucasus elise phakathi yoLwandle iCaspian kanye Black eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia.

Le ndawo ihlanganisa ezintabeni Omkhulu futhi Lesser eCaucasus, kanye umgodi phakathi kwawo, ngokuthi le Rioni-Kura ukucindezeleka, ugu lwase kweBlack Sea yoLwandle iCaspian, amagquma laseStavropol, ingxenye encane le iCaspian ukucindezeleka (Dagestan) nethafa le Kuban-Azov ogwini kwesokunxele emfuleni Don ku kwesigaba emlonyeni wakhe.

Greater iziNtaba zaseCaucasus kukhona amakhilomitha protyazhennost1500, futhi intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke ye Elbrus. Ubude ovundlile Small Caucasian 750 km.

ngezansi nje sihlolisise ugema Caucasian.

isikhundla ezindawo

On engxenyeni esentshonalanga eCaucasus, izungezwe kweBlack Sea Azov Sea empumalanga - the iCaspian. Enyakatho, wenabisela ethafeni eMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho umngcele phakathi kwaso elaliphansi kwamagquma eCaucasus kulandela nomngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu. Lesi sakamuva lwenzeka emfuleni. Kuma, phansi ukucindezeleka Kuma-Manych, emifuleni Manych futhi East Manych, bese ibhange kwesokunxele Don.

Umngcele oseningizimu eCaucasus - umfula Araks, elingenabo Armenia futhi ithafa Iranian, futhi p. Chorokh. Futhi phezu komfula kukhona izintaba nhlonhlo Pontine of Malaya Aziya.

Caucasus Ibanga: incazelo

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu abanesibindi kakhulu bezintaba abakhethiwe eCaucasus Ukhahlamba, okuyinto edonsela bamazwe kusuka emhlabeni wonke.

The main yokhalo Caucasian ihlukane 2 izingxenye lonke eCaucasus: South eCaucasus kanye enyakatho eCaucasus. Le zokhahlamba osuka oLwandle Olumnyama kuya ogwini iCaspian.

ZaseCaucasia yokhalo obuphelele ingaphezu 1,200 amakhilomitha.

Isayithi, etholakala esiqiwini, kukhona kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga eCaucasus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama ehlukahlukene. Mark kubo ziyahlukahluka kusuka 260 kuya kwangaphezu kuka-3360 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

inhlanganisela Omkhulu yokukhanya sezulu esipholile nezindawo emangalisa ukwenza kube ekahle kakhulu izivakashi asebenzayo ekuphumuleni ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka.

Main Caucasian Ridge ensimini ka Sochi kuyinto iziqongo ngobukhulu: Fischt, Hukou, Bald Umqhele, Grachev, Pseashkho, Chugush Malaya Chura futhi Assar.

Ukwakheka yokhalo rocks: limestone kanye Marl. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona ekujuleni kolwandle. Kuwo wonke kwaziswa bangase bazibone inkulumo enamandla alo zigcwele izinguzunga zeqhwa eziningi, imifula yezinxushunxushu kanye namachibi entabeni.

On ukuphakama eCaucasus Ukhahlamba

Peaks of eCaucasus Ukhahlamba baningi futhi ngempela ehlukahlukene ukuphakama.

Elbrus - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke of eCaucasus Ukhahlamba, okuyinto intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke, hhayi nje kuphela iRussia kuphela kodwa e-Europe. Indawo Intaba wukuthi emhlabeni ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo bezizwe, okwakunginika ke igama layo eliyingqayizivele: Oshhomaho, Alberis, Yalbuz futhi Mingitau.

Le ntaba enkulu eCaucasus esibalwa lesihlanu emhlabeni phakathi kwezintaba ukuthi kwamiswa ngale ndlela (ngenxa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo).

Ukuphakama phezulu Russian umdondoshiya amakhilomitha amahlanu, amamitha amakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amane nambili.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke of eCaucasus

Ukuphakama enkulu eCaucasus Ukhahlamba - kuyinto iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eRussia. Kubukeka sengathi Izigaxa ezimbili, phakathi lapho (ibanga 3 km ngaphandle) ezingeni ukuphakama 5200 amamitha elise sehhashi. The esiphezulu wabo, njengoba sekushiwo, ukuphakama 5642 amamitha, kancane - 5621m.

Njengazo zonke vertices kokuba mlilo, Elbrus inezingxenye 2: esisekelweni imitha-700 edwaleni futhi Isigaxa ngobuningi (1942 metres) - intabamlilo.

Top embozwe iqhwa kusukela ukuphakama mayelana 3500 amamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, owaziwa kakhulu zazo ezincane futhi elikhulu Azau futhi Terskop.

Amazinga endaweni ephakeme kakhulu Elbrus -14 ° C. Inzika uwela lapha cishe njalo ngesimo iqhwa ke Glaciers musa ancibilike. Mayelana ukubonakala iphakama ezinhle Elbrus ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukene akude futhi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene onyakeni, kule ntaba namanje linegama ezithakazelisayo - Little Antarctica.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi le isiqongo empumalanga unqotshwe abaqwali ngo-1829, kanti entshonalanga - e 1874.

Zamaqhwa ziphezulu, eyayithelelwa emifuleni elikhulu kule ndawo - the Terek futhi Kuban.

Abe-Central eCaucasus: amabanga nemingcele

Ayisebenzi, Central eCaucasus liyingxenye Greater eCaucasus, esemgwaqweni phakathi kwezintaba zakwa-Elbrus futhi Kazbek (entshonalanga nasempumalanga). Kule ndawo ubude yokhalo main Caucasian kuyinto 190 amakhilomitha, futhi gyrus ucabangela futhi cishe ngo-260 km.

Russian isimo umngcele sidlula endaweni Central eCaucasus. Ngemuva ke kukhona South Ossetia futhi Georgia.

22 km entshonalanga Kazbek (esempumalanga Central Caucasus) umngcele Russian kugudlukela kancane uye ngasenyakatho luqhubeke kuze Kazbek, skirting ephethwe esigodini Georgian esisempumalanga yoMfula Terek (engxenyeni engenhla).

Esikhathini Central eCaucasus labelwe 5 emikhulu okuhambisanayo (ngamakhasimende kanye latitude)

1. Main Caucasian Ridge (engamamitha kuze kufinyelele 5203 m, Mount Shkhara).
2. Side yokhalo (engamamitha kuze kufinyelele 5642 amamitha, Mount Elbrus).
3. Rocky Ridge (alt. Kufika 3646 amamitha, entabeni Karakaya).
4. Ridge Amadlelo (kufika ku 1541 metres).
5. Ezinamahlathi Ridge (ukuphakama 900 metres).

Intaba bezintaba ikakhulu wavakashelwa isiphepho zokuqala ezintathu yokhalo.

INyakatho neNingizimu eCaucasus

Greater eCaucasus, njengoba inhlangano womhlaba, kuthatha ivelaphi kusukela Peninsula Taman, futhi kuqedwe endaweni Absheron (Peninsula). Zonke izikhonzi Russian Federation namazwe kule ndawo, ubheke eCaucasus. Nokho, ngokuya indawo ezindaweni ezikhonzini Russia kukhona ukwahlukana ezithile zibe izingxenye ezimbili:

• Northern eCaucasus kuhlanganisa Krasnodar futhi laseStavropol, North Ossetia, Rostov esifundeni, Chechnya Republic Adygea, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan futhi Karachayevo-Cherkessia.
• South eCaucasus (Transcaucasia noma) - Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan.

Elbrus

Elbrus ngokwendawo - ingxenye kakhulu entshonalanga ye-Central eCaucasus. insimu yalo ihlanganisa sifinyelela engenhla River Baksan, nge nemingenela yayo, enyakatho ezweni Mount Elbrus futhi yasehlanzeni entshonalanga kweNtaba Elbrus ebhange kwesokudla Kuban. Le ngqungquthela eliphezulu kakhulu le ndawo zibheke enyakatho futhi etholakala yokhalo ohlangothini abadumile Mount Elbrus. Isiqongo yesibili eliphakeme Mount Ushba (4700 m).

endaweni Elbrus idume inqwaba iphakama, nge emikhulu emaweni futhi izindonga onamadwala.

Zamaqhwa ngobukhulu basuke bagxila elikhulu Elbrus eziyinkimbinkimbi glacial, zikhona 23 izinguzunga zeqhwa (endaweni Imininingwane -. 122,6 amakhilomitha square).

Indawo uthi eCaucasus

1. I Russian Federation kuyingxenye endaweni Greater eCaucasus and elaliphansi kwamagquma Watershed kanye Main Caucasian yokhalo enyakatho. 10% inani eliphelele labantu wahlala eNorth Caucasus.
2. Abkhazia Ubuye izindawo eziyingxenye Omkhulu eCaucasus esifundeni Gagra ukuba Kodori amabanga, ogwini Black Sea phakathi k. Psou futhi Inguri, futhi enyakatho Inguri ingxenye encane Colchis Eliphansi.
3. South Ossetia itholakala endaweni emaphakathi Omkhulu eCaucasus. Qala insimu - Main Caucasian yokhalo. Le ndawo ubabonisa ohlangothini eningizimu kuwo, phakathi Rachinsky, Suram Lomisskim emikhulu, izigodi kuze Kura.
4. Georgia has indawo enothe kunazo futhi enabantu yezwe ezigodini futhi emathafeni PHAKATHI kwezintaba of eCaucasus Small nasentshonalanga elikhulu Kakheti Ridge. Izindawo sezintaba ingxenye enkulu yezwe - ke isigaba Svaneti Omkhulu eCaucasus phakathi lamagquma kanye Kodori Surami. Caucasus indawo Georgian Lesser ukumela Meskheti, Trialeti Samsari emikhulu. It kuvela ukuthi yonke Georgia ungaphakathi uhla eCaucasus.
5. Azerbaijan itholakala phakathi Kwehlukanisa Ibanga nasenyakatho imifula Kura futhi Araks eningizimu, futhi phakathi Lesser eCaucasus and Kakhetiya bulala yoLwandle iCaspian. Futhi Azerbaijan cishe zonke (Mugan Izintaba plain no Talysh basonta ithafa Iranian) itholakala eCaucasus.
6. Armenia kuyingxenye insimu ka eCaucasus Lesser (nje empumalanga yomfula Akhuryan, ngomfula owumthelela Arax).
7. Turkey ithatha ingxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga eCaucasus Lesser, emelela 4 ezisempumalanga yezwe: Ardahan, Kars, Erzurum futhi Artvin kancane.

Caucasus ezintabeni lihle futhi kuyingozi. Ngokwe ezizathwini of izazi, kungenzeka ukuthi kule minyaka eyikhulu ezayo le ntaba-mlilo (Mount Elbrus) ungakwazi uvuke. Lokhu igcwele nemiphumela eyinhlekelele ngokuba izifunda ezisondele (Cherkessia futhi Kabardino-Bolkariya).

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakungesani, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi akukho kuhle kunokukhanya ezintabeni. Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza zonke uhlobo elimangalisayo kulelizwe fabulous sezintaba. Ukuze konke lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, kubalulekile ukuvakashela lezi ezimangalisayo ubuhle bayo ezindaweni zasezulwini. Kuhlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile kugadwa iphakama evelele ezintabeni Caucasian.