Luna - iplanethi? benza Moon futhi kuyini kuphi?

Isethelayithi Zomhlaba ezikhathini zasendulo amehlo abantu. Moon - iyabonakala kakhulu into esibhakabhakeni emva Sun, ngakho-ke njalo isibaluli i izakhiwo abalulekile ngokulinganayo njengoba usuku Star. emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva sithathelwe indawo yokukhulekela futhi ilukuluku nje kwavela isithakazelo ngokwesayensi. Isiphela, inyanga egcwele futhi ezikhulayo - ke manje ahlekwa Ukuhlolisisa. Ngokusebenzisa akhona ucwaningo siyazi okuningi mayelana satellite iplanethi yethu, kodwa abaningi baqhubeka futhi engaziwa.

umsuka

Inyanga - into okungukuthi ajwayeleke kakhulu kangangokuthi umbuzo ukuthi livelaphi, cishe ingekho. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuba umsuka satellite iplanethi yethu - omunye esiphawuleka kunazo zonke izimfihlakalo zayo. Namuhla, kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi ngale ndaba, ngamunye okuyinto uqhosha kokubili khona ubufakazi neziphakamiso umusa sokuba ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu zalo. Lezi idatha ukugqamisa imibono eyayisinesikhathi ezintathu eziyinhloko.

1. Moon Nomhlaba kwakhiwa kusuka ifu protoplanetary.
2. bakheké ngokuphelele inyanga lathunjwa Earth.
3. Kwaholela ekubeni kumiswa ukushayisana Moon eMhlabeni ngesikhala esikhulu into.

Cabangela lezi zinguqulo kabanzi.

accretion ngokuhlanganyela

Umbono ngemvelaphi joint (accretion) Zomhlaba nenyanga yayo wayebhekwa emhlabeni kososayensi, zizinhle kakhulu kuya ekuqaleni 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Okokuqala ezihlongozwayo ngisho U-Immanuel Kant. Ngokusho kwale nguqulo, Earth futhi Moon kwamiswa cishe kanyekanye kusukela ezinhlayiyeni protoplanetary. emizimbeni Space emelelwa kulesi simiso kanambambili.

Okokuqala waqala ukwakha Earth. Uma ifinyelele usayizi othile, bazungeza ngaphansi kwethonya amandla Luhambo izinhlayiya baba ejikeleza yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka uswebezane. Baqala ukuhambisa omise okweqanda elizungeza into eqale. Ezinye izinhlayiya kuwele phansi, kuyilapho abanye baye babhekana futhi anamathela ndawonye. Khona-orbit zaziya ngokuya eduze isiyingi nokusuka yinhlanganisela izinhlayiya waqala ukwakha inyanga umbungu.

Pro ne con

Namuhla, umbono ngemvelaphi joint has Ukuphika ezingaphezu kuka ubufakazi. Lichaza ezifanayo-mpilo IKhompyuthaYami ratio izindikimba ezimbili. Kuyangabazeka ifakwa phambili ngo kohlaka izizathu hypothesis ngoba yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile Zomhlaba NENYANGA ngokukhethekile, ukungabi pheze ephelele zokugcina-iron ne-izinto oluyingozi.

isivakashi esekude

Ngo-1909, uThomas Jefferson Jackson Xi ukubeka phambili umbono lungabanjwa okudonsa izinto. Ngokusho kwakhe, the Moon - kulomzimba ukuthi kwamiswa endaweni ethile kwenye indawo yesimiso sonozungezilanga. orbit okweqanda eyayiphambana indlela motion Zomhlaba. Ngesikhathi isilinganiselo elilandelayo of the Moon lathunjwa iplanethi yethu futhi ube umngane.

Esivuna hypothesis lososayensi kuholele izinganekwane lalivamile izizwe zomhlaba, ukunikeza ukwaziswa esikhathini lapho inyanga wayengekho esibhakabhakeni. Futhi imfundiso yokuziphendukela ngokungaqondile kuqinisekisa khona okudonsa bamba eqinile phezu satellite. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa Soviet, ayinakho umoya Moon uma lumayelana iplanethi yethu kunezigidigidi ezimbalwa zezingosi edlule, kwadingeka ukuba angayisibekela indaba multimeter ungqimba uthuli ewa isikhala. Nokho, namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi kobuso satellite is hhayi waphawula.

Umbono kungase kuchaze lemali elincane zensimbi Moon: lingasuswa kwakheka kulesi sifundazwe amaplanethi amakhulukazi. Nokho, kulesi simo-ke kumelwe abe lokuhlushwa enkulu izinto oluyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela sekulingisa lungabanjwa okudonsa kungenzeka yayo Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda le nqwaba, efana inyanga, bancamela baye babhekana ne iplanethi yethu, noma-ke ngabe axoshwe orbit. bamba adonsela phansi kungenzeka kuphela uma senzakalo esondelene kakhulu ne satellite esizayo. Nokho, kulesi samuntu, kuba ekubhujisweni okungenzeka nakakhulu zenyanga ngenxa yesenzo amabutho olwandle.

Ukungqubuzana giant

Umbono wesithathu eshiwo ngenhla namuhla ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto ozwakalayo kakhulu. Ngokwe-giant umthelela imfundiso yokuziphendukela enyangeni - kuwumphumela nokuxhumana Umhlaba futhi into kahle esikhulu isikhala. Umbono kwahlongozwa ngo-1975 uWilliam Hartmann futhi Donald Davis. Basikisela ukuba Umhlaba omncane wayephethe isikhathi ukuqoqa 90% mass yabo, wabhekana protoplanet ngokuthi Teyey. lingakanani liyalingana Mars yesimanje. Ngenxa umthelela, esahlanganisa kwi "onqenqemeni" le planethi, cishe yonke impahla Teyi futhi ingxenye umhlaba ukhiphe emkhathini. Kule "zokwakha" kwamiswa the Moon.

Umbono kuchaza isivinini wesimanje of Ukujikeleza komhlaba, kanye engela ukuthambekela axis awo, futhi eziningi nemingcele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali yomibili imitimba. Iphuzu ababuthakathaka kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kunikezwa izizathu zayo amazinga aphansi yensimbi the Moon. Ngenxa yale njongo ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke ingozi emaqaqasini izidumbu kwaba kwamangqamuzana ephelele kumele kwenzeke: ukwakheka core yensimbi kanye isiphuku silicate. Kuze kube manje, babungekho ubufakazi ezitholakele. Mhlawumbe idatha entsha ku satellite eMhlabeni ngeke ukucacisa lolu daba. Nokho, kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi bangase ekuphikiseni namuhla bamukela umbono ngemvelaphi of the Moon.

Amapharamitha main

Kubantu yesimanje enyangeni - ke iyingxenye isibhakabhaka ebusuku. ibanga layo namuhla imayelana 384.000 amakhilomitha. Lokhu ipharamitha siyahlukahluka kancane njengoba ukunyakaza satellite (ububanzi - lisuka ku-356 400 kuya 406 800 km). Isizathu itholakala i orbit okweqanda.

I-satellite of iplanethi yethu iphokophele ngokusebenzisa isikhala ngesivinini 1.02 km / s. A revolution okuphelele emhlabeni kwenza cishe 27,32 izinsuku (sidereal noma ngenyanga sidereal). Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukukhangana of the Moon elangeni kuyizikhathi 2.2 namandla kunomhlaba. Lokhu nokunye okuyithinta ngayo ukunyakaza satellite: zokunciphisa ngenyanga sidereal, ushintsho Ibanga iplanethi.

Moon-eksisi ine ukuthambekela 88 ° 28 '. Isikhathi Ukujikeleza inyanga sidereal, yingakho satellite njalo ebheke iplanethi uhlangothi.

lembhali

It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi Moon - inkanyezi, etholakala eduze kakhulu kithi (ebuntwaneni ezifana umbono bebengaba eziningi). Nokho, empeleni akudingeki ongakhetha eziningi nemizimba ethize efana Sun noma Sirius. Ngakho, sung by zonke izimbongi of kunonyezi zothando - kukhombisa ilanga. I-satellite akusho akhipha.

I kwenyanga isigaba - into ehambisana ne-ukungabi khona ukukhanya kuye siqu. I ebonakalayo ingxenye satellite esibhakabhakeni kushintsha njalo, njalo odlulayo izigaba ezine: kwenyanga, ngenyanga banda, egcwele, futhi inyanga eyehlayo. Lesi sigaba lwenyanga synodic. It is kwikhompyutha kusukela ekwethwaseni kwenyanga eyodwa kuya kwenye futhi ihlala kwezinsuku ezilinganiselwa kwezingu-29.5 ka. eside Sidereal ngenyanga synodic, ngoba Umhlaba futhi ihamba ilanga kanye iziphuphutheki sonke isikhathi kudingeka ukuba enze ezinye ibanga.

Imibono eminingi

Okokuqala emjikelezweni yesigaba inyanga - yisikhathi sokuba ingqapheli emhlabeni satellite esibhakabhakeni sishoda. Ngalesi sikhathi, waphendukela iplanethi olumnyama ohlangothini ezingenagesi. Isikhathi salesi isigaba - usuku noma izinsuku ezimbili. Kulandele ngenyanga ivela esibhakabhakeni entshonalanga. Inyanga - lena kuphela ucwezana mncane ngesikhathi. Nokho, ngokuvamile, ungakwazi ukubuka wonke ama-disk satellite, kodwa kancane elikhanyayo, ababethi grey. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi empunga umbala zenyanga. Mpunga ukushayela eduze ucwezana elikhanyayo - kungcono ingxenye satellite, ekhanyiswa imisebe kubonakala kusukela surface eMhlabeni.

Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kusukela kuqale mjikelezo uqala esigabeni esilandelayo - ngekota yokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Moon ovuthayo ngu ncamashi nengxenye. Isigaba isici sici - umugqa oqondile sokuhlukanisa ingxenye emnyama futhi elikhanyayo (kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi libizwa ngokuthi "isinqamuli"). Kancane kancane kuba ayizindunduma ngaphezulu.

umjikelezo 14-15 ngosuku lokuhlangana kwenyanga. Khona-ke, ingxenye ebonakalayo yomkhathi satellite iqala ukuze wehlise. Ngosuku 22 iqala ngekota edlule. Kule nkathi liphinde ngokuvamile kungenzeka bagcine umbala umlotha. Ibanga emincane of the Moon eLangeni ibekwe ngaphansi futhi emva mayelana 29.5 izinsuku, waphinde ubalekela ngokuphelele.

eclipse

Nge izici motion satellite emhlabeni kungenxa a izenzakalo ezimbalwa kakhudlwana. Moon indiza orbit ithambekele kuya Ecliptic okuyisilinganiso sabangu-5,14 °. Lesi simo engajwayelekile izinhlelo ezinjalo. Njengomthetho, emzileni satellite itholakala indiza yenkabazwe planethi. Amaphuzu empambana indlela Ecliptic of the Moon ngokuthi ekuntweleni futhi ISIZINDA ukwehla. Abanaso ukulungisa olunembile, njalo, kodwa kancane. Cishe 18 amasayithi zonke Ecliptic. Mayelana nalezi zici Luna ubuyela omunye wabo ngokusebenzisa esiyizinsuku ezingu 27,21 ka (ngokuthi inyanga dracontic).

Nge ukudlula amaphuzu satellite of empambana-eksisi eqonde ngqo ne Ecliptic kubangelwa into ezifana ukusitheka kwenyanga. Lokhu yinto akuvamile ngijabulisa (noma edumele) singcono kunabo, kodwa kokuba imvamisa ezithile. Eclipse kwenzeka okwamanje lapho inyanga igcwele kuvumelana ukudlula omunye ISIZINDA satellite. Ngakho "ukuqondana kwezinto" ezithakazelisayo kwenzeka njalo. Kunjalo umdlalo kokuthwasa kwenyanga futhi ukudlula omunye ISIZINDA. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusitheka kwelanga kwenzeka.

Kokuma lezazi zezinkanyezi liye kuboniswe ukuthi kokubili izenzakalo kukhona cyclical. Ubude yenkathi eyodwa ilingana kancane eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-18. Saros ngokuthi umjikelezo. Kolunye isikhathi kwenzeka 28 kwenyanga 43 ukusitheka kwelanga (13 wabo - ephelele).

Ithonya izibani ebusuku

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, inyanga elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe ababusi ezizokwehlela abantu. Ngokusho ongqondongqondo kwesikhathi, ithinta umlingisi, isimo sengqondo, kwemizwa nokuziphatha. Namuhla isenzo zenyanga ku umzimba lafundvwako kusukela iphuzu zesayensi of umbono. izifundo ezihlukahlukene ibonisa ukuthi ukwencika ezinye ukuziphatha futhi impilo izigaba ebusuku inkanyiso khona.

Ngokwesibonelo, odokotela e-Switzerland isikhathi eside ebuka iziguli ezinezinkinga e esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, wathola ukuthi Moon waxing - lena esiyingozi abantu beyizidlova ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. ukuhlaselwa Iningi kudatha yabo kwaqondana ukubonakala kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku kokuthwasa kwenyanga.

Kukhona izifundo eziningi ezifanayo. Nokho, iqoqo izibalo ezifana - akuyona into nje ukuthi ososayensi nesithakazelo. Bazama ukuthola incazelo ukuhlonza lwamaphethini. Ngokusho kwenye mbono, inyanga has ku amangqamuzana omuntu umphumela efanayo sonke Earth: kubangela amagagasi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-satellite kuyahlukahluka ukuthonya ibhalansi amanzi-usawoti, ulwelwesi permeability, isilinganiso hormone.

Enye inguqulo ukunika kuqala imiphumela zenyanga ku kazibuthe kule planethi. Ngokusho lo mbono, umzimba satellite kubangela izinguquko pulses kagesi, okuyinto luhambisana nomthwalo nemiphumela ethile.

Ongoti banombono we umthelela omkhulu izibani zethu ebusuku, kutuswa ukwakha imisebenzi yayo, bakubheka ngayo umjikelezo. Baxwayisa: izibani nezibani, unyezi ezedlulayo, ungakulimaza empilweni yomuntu ngoba zemizimba yabo awutholi ulwazi mayelana noshintsho esigabeni.

the Moon

Ngemva kwati inkanyiso ebusuku eMhlabeni Bayoqhubeka behamba ubuso bayo. Luna - satellite okungavikelwe kusukela imiphumela ebangelwa umkhathi kwelanga. Usuku ebusweni sishisiswe 110 ° C, futhi ebusuku ayaphola phansi -120 ° C. Ngakho ukuhlukahluka lokushisa isici endaweni encane umzimba uqweqwe yangaphandle. ephansi kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo kuvimbela emathunjini efudumele satellite.

Singasho ukuthi enyangeni - izwe nolwandle, ehlaziyiwe okukhulu kancane, kodwa amagama abo siqu. Amabalazwe lokuqala surface inyanga yavela ngekhulu lesikhombisa. amnyama, ngaphambili bamukela phezu kolwandle, ngemva kokusungulwa kwesibonakude babe wamathafa, kodwa agcinwayo igama layo. izindawo Lighter phezu - a "Continental" indawo ye amagquma emikhulu ngokuvamile akha indandatho (asemigodini). On the Moon, ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana eCaucasus and-Alps, uLwandle izinkinga futhi Tranquility, Ocean of Iziphepho, Bay Yenjabulo Swamp Rot (amatheku phezu satellite - ezilwandle eduze kwalezo zindawo amnyama, ixhaphozi - namabala amancane ukuma engaphumi), kanye ezintabeni uCopernicus futhi Kepler.

Kwaba ngemva ekuqaleni engu isikhala ukuthi uhlole ohlangothini of the Moon. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1959. Idatha etholwe satellite Soviet inikwe amandla kumephu kufihliwe kusukela izibonakude wezinkanyiso ebusuku. Iphinde kwakuzwakala amagama omkhulu: KE Tsiolkovsky, SP Koroleva, Y. Gagarin.

kuhlukile

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela umoya kwenza inyanga ngakho hhayi efana iplanethi yethu. Isibhakabhaka akakaze some amafu, umbala waso akashintshi. The Moon phezu kwenhloko yembuzi, osomkhathi kuphela Dome anezinkanyezi. Ilanga liphuma kancane futhi kancane ihamba esibhakabhakeni. Usuku the Moon ihlala cishe 15 izinsuku Earth, kanye ubude ebusuku. Usuku isikhathi esilingana okuyiwona nomhlaba satellite kwenza omunye revolution isihlobo ukuba ilanga, noma inyanga synodic.

I-satellite kuyiplanethi yethu ayikho emoyeni kanye nemvula, njengoba kungekho ukugeleza bushelelezi kosuku sebusuku (kuhlwa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, the Moon kuyinto singaphansi kosongo ekwindla ka emkhathini. On inani engaqondile ubufakazi regolith, esehlanganise ebusweni. Lokhu uthuli nezibi ungqimba ukushuba ukuba emashumini ambalwa amamitha. Siqukethe ochotshoziwe, izinsalela okuxubile futhi ngezinye izikhathi tho wazo namadwala kwenyanga abachithile.

Lapho ubuka esibhakabhakeni, ungabona namanje futhi njalo endaweni efanayo uphanyeka umhlaba. Beautiful, kodwa cishe never eshintsha isithombe kungenxa ukujikeleza inyanga emhlabeni isikhathi iplanethi yethu futhi axis awo siqu. Lona omunye Umbukwane omangalisayo kakhulu ayebone osomkhathi lokuqala siwela surface eMhlabeni we-satellite.

Adume

Kunezikhathi lapho inyanga - "inkanyezi" akuyona kuphela izingqungquthela yesayensi nezincwadi, kodwa futhi zonke izinhlobo yabezindaba. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu inani elikhulu labantu ezinye mkhuba kunalokho ezingavamile elihlobene ne-satellite. Omunye wabo - a Supermoon. Kuziwa ezinsukwini lapho ukukhanya ebusuku ngesikhathi ukuyaphi ukusuka iplanethi, futhi isigaba se-inyanga egcwele noma ukwethwasa kwenyanga. Ebusuku ukukhanya ngaleyo ndlela ebonakalayo 14% emikhulu futhi 30% okukhanya. Engxenyeni 2015 yesibili Supermoon sizokwazi ukugcina 29 Agasti, 28 Septhemba (usuku Supermoon kuyoba umxhwele kakhulu) futhi 27 Okthoba.

Enye ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo lihlotshaniswa kwagadla ngezikhathi izibani ebusuku emthunzini eMhlabeni. I-satellite ingabe usekhona esibhakabhakeni, futhi bomvu. umcimbi Astronomical seyaziwa ngokuthi Moon Bloody. Lena into ezingavamile, kodwa yesimanje abathandi isikhala lucky futhi. Igazi Moon lidlondlobale libe ngaphezu kwe-Earth ngo-2015 izikhathi eziningana. Owokugcina kubo izovela Septhemba futhi zizofana ukusitheka kwelanga izibani ebusuku. Yini kahle hle kuwufanele bebona!

Night Light idonse njalo abantu. Inyanga nenyanga egcwele - iyona izithombe eliyingqikithi Tindzaba amaningi asankondlo. With ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi kanye nezindlela astronomy satellite kuyiplanethi yethu yesayensi waba nesithakazelo hhayi kuphela ababhula ngezinkanyezi futhi romantics. Abaningi amaqiniso kusukela Imizamo yokuqala ukuchaza inyanga "ukuziphatha" sobala, inani elikhulu izimfihlo satellite yakhishelwa. Nokho, ebusuku ukukhanya, njengazo zonke izinto Isikhala akulula njengoba kungase kubonakale.

Ngisho bomkhankaso American ayikwazanga ukuphendula yonke imibuzo ukubeka kuye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yonke ososayensi usuku ufunde mayelana inyanga into entsha, nakuba ngokuvamile idatha ukukhiqiza ukungabaza nakakhulu imibono ekhona. Kwaba njalo umbono ngemvelaphi of the Moon. Zonke imiqondo ezintathu eziyinhloko eziye eyaziwako-yalolucwaningo 60-70 ziye ukulahlwa Imiphumela bomkhankaso American. Ngokushesha kwaba umbono ehola ukungqubuzana giant. Cishe, esikhathini esizayo sizoba eziningi eziye zatholwa ezimangalisayo ezihlobene ne inkanyiso ebusuku.