Likuphi Umdwebo "Mona Lisa" (La Gioconda)

History of the mdwebo "Mona Lisa" ukhathazekile hhayi isizukulwane womuntu oyedwa. ULeonardo da Vinci waqala umsebenzi wobuciko yakhe engafiyo mayelana 1503. Umdwebi wayenikeze ka yesazi-Florentine ocebile okuthiwa Francesco Giocondo. Intombazane okuthiwa u-Mona Lisa. igama Okwesibili imidwebo - "La Gioconda" - njengoba izilaleli eduze ebanzi. Kakade abantu besikhathi wayezazisa portrait master ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Image udumo sasisikhulu kangangokuba ekusaseni ukuloba kwakhe legends zalotshwa futhi abeke phambili nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene.

Kanjani kubukeka

Uyini "Mona Lisa"? Incazelo zihlanganisa ekudalweni okungenakufa unamahlangothi 77 by 53 cm uwoyela Isithombe kwabo okubhaliwe ngoMthethosivivinywa elimhlophe kusukela Poplar .. Lowo mdwebo owesifazane ohlezi esihlalweni. Itholakala landscape. Portrait wakhe we isibukeli udonsa ukubukeka - engavamile yayo, nakuba yengamela ukubukeka ucabangisisa obubonakala intelligence intando. Kodwa i puzzle enkulu nakakhulu kuyinto edumile emhlabeni wonke Mona Lisa ukumamatheka. Yena ngokulambisa lizwakale, nencazelo yalo kubonakala ilele kude indoda ocishe isithombe. Kuyinto lokhu ngomkhuba wokuzifihla unezela umfanekiso into kudala isifiso abheke ngaphakathi kuwo kaningi.

Ezweni art kukhona ekumeni ezimbalwa kakhulu ukuthi ingafaniswa ne "Mona Lisa" amandla womuntu ubuntu Inkulumo lidlule ebunyeni semicabango kanye uhlamvu. Likuphi Umdwebo "Mona Lisa," Umoya imfihlakalo futhi imfihlakalo. portrait odumile da Vinci lihlukile wonke amanye image sihleli kwesikhathi Quattrocento kokuhlakanipha okungavamile icala.

Kusukela "Mona Lisa" iza umuzwa wokuba namandla, esiwumfanekiso inhlanganisela eziphilayo umqondo wenkululeko yomuntu siqu nesiyalo kwangaphakathi. Smiling owesifazane neze unika ukunganakwa noma ukuziphakamisa kobuzwe. Kubonakala njengoba umphumela ukuzithiba ephelele nokuzola ukuzethemba.

Umhlaba udumo

"Mona Lisa" (wokuqala) Kwakuzoba isikhathi eside zaziwa yiyo kuphela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi connoisseur yobuciko emihle, uma lube khona indaba eyodwa okumangalisayo owanikhipha emhlabeni ukuthandwa web abadumile.

Kusukela ekuqaleni wobuciko XVI ekhulwini silondoloza eqoqweni wasebukhosini. Lapha wayesezobashiya uFrancis I, abathenge ke ngemva kokufa Leonardo. Ngo 1793, isithombe yafakwa Louvre. Abantu abaningi bazi Museum njengendawo lapho umdwebo "iMona Lisa". Kodvwa umbuto akusho ukuthi.

Ngakho, "Mona Lisa" ngendlela ebonisa ukucabanga ukubaluleka kazwelonke futhi zihlala kuphela Louvre. Ngo-1911 (21 Agasti) ngazo kulo mnyuziyamu Vincenzo Perugia, yinkakha izibuko kusuka Italy weba portrait. Nakanjani akekho futhi akazange ukuphatha ukuthola injongo ubugebengu izimisele kweqiniso. Mhlawumbe Vincenzo okuhloswe ukubuyela Umdwebo ezweni yayo mlando. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili e-Italy, Umdwebo etholakele. Thola isithombe wasiza Perugia yena, wasabela isikhangiso iphephandaba, futhi yanquma ukuthola okwengeziwe uthengise "Mona Lisa." Ekuqaleni kuka-January 1914, "Mona Lisa 'ayebuyele eziphambekweni Louvre.

Umuntu imfihlakalo

Kunzima ukubona lady kuboniswe ngendwangu. Kulesi senzakalo, ibhalwa yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo impikiswano. Abacwaningi ungavumelani. Amalungu eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezahlukene ukubeka phambili izitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana ingubani le Mona Lisa: ezinye zazo bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto Isabella Este. Esesibili - ukuthi isithombe insizwa izingubo zabesifazane. Abanye sithambekele yokuthi umfazi enhle Florentine del Giocondo. Futhi bathi kuba abavamile intombazane enhle, noma ukuzazisa portrait kwakho da Vinci waseNgilandi.

Imfihlakalo "Mona Lisa" namanje ayaziwa namhlanjesi. Ngo-1517, okuyinhloko omkhulu wavakashela Cardinal Louis wase-Aragon. UNobhala Baba echazwe umhlangano. Wabhala ukuthi uLeonardo da Vinci, Louis yabonisa ezintathu imidwebo yakhe. Ngesinye kwaba isithombe-Florentine lady eyayibhalwe nge ubunjalo okhuleka Dzhuliano Medichi. Esikhathini yesibili ukuboniswa ubuso a young Ioanna Krestitelya. Umdwebo yesithathu waphenduka portrait of St Anne noMariya nge uJesu owayesanda kuzalwa izipho.

Ezinye izazi-mlando phikisana ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi Florentine lady Mona Lisa. Kodwa mhlawumbe kwaba kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye portrait, okuyindawo azikho amakhophi kwesokunxele, hhayi ubufakazi ngisho ngakho. Ngakho-ke, i-Medici ayikwazanga nganoma iyiphi ne "Mona Lisa."

Thola isithombe

Likuphi Umdwebo "Mona Lisa" sekufikile kibo bonke abakhileyo iplanethi yethu eyaziwa. Walondoloza ku Louvre. Ngamunye of the izikhombo Museum kuholela ngokunembile le threkhi. ithelevishini Japanese esigodlweni wathenga isithombe ekamelweni wonke. Futhi isithombe ngokwaso embozwe zempi obukhulu. Eceleni isithombe uhlale pair of onogada, lapha odlula izihambeli eziningi. "Mona Lisa" ungakwazi kuphela owabona Louvre, futhi kwenye indawo. Phakathi elidlule leminyaka wobuciko kabili lakhishwa Museum, kodwa abaphathi besikhungo wanquma abaziphathi nanini izibhamu "Mona Lisa" nangale. Lokho ingxenye Louvre, okuthiwa i-Denon (Denon), ehholo lwesikhombisa yokudweba e-Italy, kungaba ozibongayo ukuthi udonga lwakhe uphanyeka ubuso abesifazane edume kakhulu emlandweni yobuciko.

Shades nezithunzi

Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke lungakwazi ukuzola, uzama ukwembula izimfihlakalo portrait "Mona Lisa" (umnyuziyamu, lapho kuba, ngenhla). Eminyakeni ethile edlule, baye bazimisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-X ray, ukuze baqonde indlela master ukudala izithunzi on ngendwangu yakhe. Filipp Uolter kanye nozakwabo wafunda imidwebo eziyisikhombisa by da Vinci, phakathi okwakukhona "La Gioconda". X-ray ukunikeza ithuba lokuhlola portrait, ngaphandle kokulimaza izingqimba upende.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi Leonardo yayidumile osukwini lwakhe inqubo "sfumato". It kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba bushelelezi ukuhwebelana umbala noma shades ku-canvas.

Ukutholakala ethusa kakhulu Walter kwaba ukuthi isithombe abakwazi ukubona umunwe owodwa, noma smear izigxivizo zeminwe. Konke kwenziwa impela nje ngakho-ke sihlaziye "Mona Lisa" Liyindawo nzima.

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi Leonardo wawuhlutha ikhono ukusebenzisa izingqimba, ukushuba okwakunzima ezimbili nje micrometer iphimbo kanye ukushuba Imininingwane Kwakungekhona ngaphezu 30-40 microns.

Kuvele wobuciko eliyigugu

Kungakanani manje! "Mona Lisa"? wentengo akunqunywa e imali yamaphepha. Kodwa edume "La Gioconda" afakwe Guinness Book of Records njengoba ishidi, insured kwinani eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-1962, sasifana nokuthi eziyikhulu million dollars. Kodwa namuhla le Louvre usebenzisa imali hhayi yomshuwalense, kodwa beqaphile. Ikhumbula amandla emali kwenzeka ngo-2006, leli nani zazilingana kuzofuneka ukuthi izigidi ezingu-670 aseMelika. Ngakho, umfanekiso Mona Lisa kuyinto isithombe eqolo emhlabeni.

A imfihlakalo

"Mona Lisa" yisigejane imibuzo. Omunye wabo - kungani abesifazane kukhona amashiya lingekho. Ukuphela xv - Ekuqaleni kwekhulu esilandelayo, elidume ngokuba nabantu fashion ke kwaba amashiya kususwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi le ntokazi kuboniswe ngendwangu, kulandele zonke izitayela isitayela, futhi ngenxa amashiya wakhe base bekha. Kodwa unjiniyela usuke evela eFrance Pascal Côté ugomela ngokuthi amashiya akhe kodwa kwakusekhona.

Ukusebenzisa isithwebuli sesimanje, abacwaningi wenza ikhophi yale midwebo, eyabonisa iminonjana amashiya. Pascal isiqiniseko sokuthi lezi imivimbo ekuqaleni, kodwa kamuva lisuswe.

Izizathu zalokhu wayesengaba inhloso ngokweqile abashisekayo ekulondolozeni wobuciko. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka emihlanu, ngendwangu ngokuvamile sihlanza futhi ngoba izakhi ezincane likwazi ukuhlukaniseka kalula lisuswe.

imizamo Akuphumelelanga ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa "Mona Lisa 'ubizwa nangokuthi Kote njengendlela" ukulahleka "amashiya. Kodwa-ke, akucacile ukuthi zonke okufanayo babekwazi zinyamalale ngokuphelele.

Okungenani eyodwa iso

Likuphi Umdwebo "Mona Lisa" isivele eyaziwa ngco kulofundzako. Futhi, cishe, wonke umuntu ufuna okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe, bekude, kodwa ukuze ubone okwangempela, okuyinto ngilinqobile izwe. Lesi sithombe se-yombango eziningi eziyimfihlakalo kanye puzzle, kumane nje akunakwenzeka yini ukuzama ukuxazulula okungenani omunye wabo. Kodwa-ke akwenzeki ukuba ubani. Bonke zaziwa kuphela ULeonardo, wahamba nabo, kusale izizukulwane ezizayo imfumbe futhi wobuciko yayo eliyigugu ongafi.