Likuphi endaweni Broca sika?

Kuyini lokhu? Kungani inkawu emuva ngenkathi izibankwakazi ngokungazelelwe baqala "Inkulumo ethi" futhi ekubhekeni? Kungani abantu ukuxhumana ngamazwi? Le mibuzo kanye neminye abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke, kodwa akuzona zonke izazi zavumelana nalokho ukuthi inkulumo - yisikali kunesidingo. Kukholakala ukuthi abantu basendulo awufuni ukukhuluma, ngempela bathandile ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba nemisindo inarticulate, kodwa ... uhlobo njengoba kudingeka. Izazi eziningi ukusho ukuthi "sola" ekuphumeleleni kwethu ukukhuluma akulona uhlobo, nobuchopho uqobo. endaweni Broca futhi endaweni Wernicke sika - ukuthi banesibopho zokuxhumana kanye ukuhlonza ulwazi zobuchopho. Kodwa, ngisho ekwazi lokhu, odokotela bengqondo musa ukuzola, ngenxa njengoba lezi zindawo ezimbili kukhona - ngokuhlanganyela noma kumuntu ngamunye, obhekene izinqubo ezahlukene - ayikaziwa.

Inkulumo njengendlela umkhiqizo womsebenzi ingqondo

Kukhona umbono ukuthi ingxoxo - inqubo sengqondweni ngempela, njengoba umuntu ovamile nje udinga umuntu ongaxoxa, makube ngisho isilwane. Kudingeka bazi ukuthi lezwakala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu bayesaba ukuba yedwa, ukukhuluma bodwa - ngakho banesikhathi umbono inkhulumomphendvulwano mutual.

It - it is a indlela yokwazi emhlabeni, ikuvumela ukuba bazizwe beyingxenye ke. Kakade ngenhla endaweni Broca futhi sisinika ikhono lokulalela, baqonde futhi uphendule indlela esasizizwa ngayo ka interlocutor. Yilokhu kuphela ngaso sonke isikhathi esanele nengxoxo eyanele, ngoba ngaphezu ukuqonda isidingo namanje abaqeqeshwe kahle izwi, silulumagama kanye amandla okudlulisela ngokunembile imicabango yakhe futhi eziningi izidingo.

Pol Broka nokuthola yakhe

Lo muntu omkhulu wanikela ngokuphila kwakhe ukuze ekutadisheni ubuchopho bomuntu. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe babenza ngesikhathi yena, ethi umtholampilo sakhe uyawuthanda engaphansana nje kwengu-elabhorethri, okuyinto lucwaningo sonke isikhathi khulula. Ube engumlobi njalo umuntu oyisazi, futhi udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, futhi ethnographer. endaweni Broca uye ukuhlinzwa evulekile ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa ngaleso amadoda esibhedlela ababili asebekhulile. Omunye wabo kwakungu-lokugula iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili: ukungabi yokukhuluma, ukukhubazeka we nasengalweni umlenze - kusenzima Ingxenyana encane yalawo izilonda ukuthi zabonwa uPawulu.

Isiguli sesibili besesibhedlela nge hip Waphuka, kwacaca ukuthi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umuntu yaba nesithuthwane, ngenxa okuyinto walahlekelwa ikhono lakhe lokukhuluma. Ngemva kwalokho, lo mfo nabampofu babengathola kuphela ziwazi emihlanu kusukela French lwakubo.

It odokotela abahlinzayo namuhla ngokushesha kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo i- ndawo lesion ka Broca, futhi ngalezo zinsuku (ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19) engxenyeni yobuchopho alikhulumi nanokukhuluma wezwa, ngakho-ke, akazange azame yokuphatha kulo. Kodwa uPawulu wayazi zisuka ukuthi unesibopho yethu kwesokunxele Nenkabazwe zobuchopho. Kule ndaba, sekube izifundo eziningi ngazo baye babonisa ngokunemba umcwaningi agumenti. Non-ukusebenza kulezi ziguli ezimbili wathola isifunda ubuchopho elihambisana igama - "indawo Broca sika". Umsebenzi Fields kuphela Waba isiqalo ekuhloleni ubuchopho, ngemva kokuba kwenziwe isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa ucwaningo.

endaweni Broca sika

Wake wacabanga yini lapho esifundeni obhekene ikhono lokukhuluma? endaweni Broca sika Itholakala emuva eliphansi eyesithathu gyrus frontal ka Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele abantu ababhala ngesandla sakhe sokunene. Kwesokunxele handers okuphambene. Nale isikhungo, singaxoxa kabanzi ngokuqondile, ukwakha imisho. Ngokwesibonelo, izingane ezincane akuzona njalo kuyatholakala ukuba baveze abakucabangayo, ngoba indawo Broca akuyona njengoba ithuthukiswa njengedolobha e abadala, ngenxa zokuxhumana nakho encane. Le ngxenye yobuchopho uvezwa ngesimo bohlahleli, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko wamukela ukwaziswa okuwusizo futhi niyidlale emuva. Ukuhlulwa kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi aphasia. Inkulumo ethi "abakwazi ukubeka amagama amabili ndawonye" likuchaza kahle lesi sifo njengoba abantu ngokoqobo abakwazi ukuguqula eziningi wemagama emshweni.

endaweni Wernicke sika

Le ndawo iyi ngenjongo ecashile kuchazwa isihloko kusayithi okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, ngoba ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ukuqonda futhi "inhlabamkhosi" ulwazi. Uma endaweni Broca sika kule ingxenye yasebunzini e Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele, endaweni Wernicke kungenziwa akhiwe noma ngakwesokudla noma Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele e verhnevisochnoy ndawo. Futhi le nkinga nge le ngxenye yobuchopho yaziwa nangokuthi aphasia, kodwa lapha abantu nje abakwazi ukuqonda ngisho izwi elilodwa lolu limi. Yena ezwa konke, kodwa incazelo kuthiweni abakwazi ukubona, ngamanye amazwi, wayebonakala ukuzwa amazwi angaphandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona izinkinga kanye ukwakhiwa yokukhuluma kwakhe: kubonakala kuyisimanga, njengoba uma amagama Yezwakala okungahleliwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi libe nezincazelo eziningana. Nokho, isiguli alazi lokho elikushoyo akucaci ukuthi kungani ngokuvamile eyayibizwa ngokuthi iqiniso lokuthi abanye abantu abakwazi ukuphendula ngokuvamile kuso. Kulesi ukuqonda imiyalo ziqondiswe imisipha lilondolozwe, isibonelo: "Vala amehlo akho."

imicabango yabantu ososayensi '

Ekuqaleni, ososayensi abavumelana kuleyo ndawo Broca sika unesibopho kabusha ulwazi, enikeza umuntu ithuba lokukhuluma, futhi endaweni Wernicke sika - sokuqonda ulimi lomakhelwane wakhe. Nokho, manje, kunenkolelo yokuthi kokubili maphakathi ithonya nokuqonda, futhi kukhiqize, ngakho-ke, izinkinga nomunye ngokuqinisekile kuholele ezinkingeni nabanye.

Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza yokukhuluma esishintshashintshayo?

Ziqeqeshe umkhuba kuphela! Udinga ukulandela okushoyo futhi kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuba banake amaphutha akho. Khuluma wena uma izinkinga nokukhulunywa ngeke engadingekile. Ukufunda izincwadi nokulalela ezincwadini zasendulo owaziwa futhi kungasiza. Nokho, uma uzwa ukuthi inkinga esesiyisici emikhulu, kufanele ubone onguchwepheshe ukuze avimbele izifo ezimbi nakakhulu. imithi yesimanje linikeza imithi eminingi kanye nenqubo ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa aphasia Broca futhi ezindaweni Wernicke sika.