Leo Kekushev - Architect: izithombe, biography, elakhiwa ngo-Moscow

Ngesikhathi wamapulani oluvelele Leo Kekushev wakwazi ugweme umsebenzi wezempi ukuthi ayemiselwe kubaba, umeluleki enkantolo. INdodana banxenxa abazali bakhe yokufunwa. Wayengumuntu umakhi wokuqala omkhulu usebenza isitayela Art Nouveau. Ngena ngemvume ifomu bengonyama imakwe yonke imisebenzi yakhe e wezakhiwo eMoscow , abaqotho.

Umeluleki enkantolo umndeni

Biography wezakhiwo brilliant Lev Nikolayevich Kekusheva igcwele amnyama. Abanye abacwaningi lokusungula zayo kanye biography Kukholakala ukuthi wazalwa ngo-1862 e Saratov. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi umakhi wazalwa ngo Vilna, esiFundazweni Warsaw. Kusukela leli qiniso, siyosondela ku.

Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev yena Wakhulela emkhayeni wamasosha. Uyise wayengumfundisi omkhulu Pavlovsky ibutho, okuyinto njengoba ayemiswe embusweni Polish. Ngokusobala, elapho beqala ukuhlangana nonkosikazi wakhe esikhathini esizayo. Igama lakhe kwakungu Constance. Yayiyindodakazi ka umninindawo Polish.

Ngo 1861 the yomkhaya unqume ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Yena kwahulumeni. indawo yakhe entsha umsebenzi kwaba Corps of Engineers. Ngokuphindaphindiwe enkonzweni, kwadingeka asuse izinto kwezinye izifunda. Ngo izinkathi ezahlukene wayehlala eSt Pskov, Novgorod, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi bazinza Vilna. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi kuzalwa indodana yakhe - umakhi esizayo. Ngalesi sikhathi uyise nomndeni ukhushuliwe elisezingeni kumeluleki enkantolo.

Ngaphandle Lva Kekusheva, owayenguyise ingane 3rd, zikhona izingane 6. Umndeni kwakufanele ukuphila ocebile ngempela. Yingakho abazali okubhekiswe izingane zabo ukuba zisebenzise lokuthola imfundo esezingeni elifanele, njengoba kwenza kwaba lula ukubala ku service enhle umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo.

I ucwaningo lokuqala

Ngu 1883 th, abaqotho Leo abasha iziqu isikole lwezobuchwepheshe Vilna. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi uye wasibonisa esepepeneni ikhono kwezobuciko futhi bazondwa sokuprakthiza lempi, waya Petersburg. Wayezimisele ukungena we-Institute of Civil Engineers, okuyinto eyenzeka ngawo lowo nyaka.

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga lalesi sikole wafundiswa Ngokuzayo ezifana abaklami abadumile V Vialichkin, Ivanov-ukuqhela futhi uN Markov.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-umfundi Kekushevu Lvu Nikolaevichu kwadingeka ukuba enze eziningana Umsebenzi wokuzijamela umfundi, lapho ephinde wabonisa ithalente ayekufezile for Umdwebo.

Ekupheleni ukuqeqeshwa, wavikela mqondo wakhe project, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Slaughterhouse Petersburg." Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama iziqu wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi eKomidini lobuchwepheshe-ukwakhiwa kwe-Ministry of Interior. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1888 wathola iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme futhi waba unjiniyela wezempi okhokhelwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena yanikezelwa indondo esiliva impumelelo wayenobuhlakani.

Ngemva kwalokho, Lev Kekushev wasebenza kafushane umsizi edolobheni Planner. Nokho, ngo-1890 wanquma umhlalaphansi esenyukele komdala.

umeluleki

Enhloko-dolobha, abaqotho ukuzinikela umkhuba yezakhiwo ikakhulu yangasese. Ngakho, waqala i-internship e-umakhi imfashini S. Eybushittsa futhi baba umsizi wakhe. Kulo msebenzi, wahlanganyela izakhiwo Okhotny namabhati emaphakathi.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi zifundo ziye zasiza wezakhiwo abavelele hhayi kuphela crystallize isitayela nesakhiwo umakhi abasha, kodwa futhi ukuba isikokela amakhasimende ezingase zivele, phakathi okuyinto zanikezwa babevela emindenini yomthengisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi internship Kekushev ephethwe kahle amakhono ezihlukahlukene amasu zokuhlobisa isicelo. Lokhu kubhekisela UKWAKHA, Electroplating, futhi etching ngengilazi nensimbi.

UQobo workshop yezakhiwo

Kekushev nezifundo zakhe zokufundela e 1893. Ngemva kwalokho, wavula ngokuqinile sakhe yezakhiwo. Ngeshwa, amadokhumenti ngemisebenzi kulo mhlangano, cishe asizange sisinde. Kodwa-ke kunobufakazi mayelana abaklami ababenza umsebenzi wakhe, ukubukela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu eziningi emisebenzini yokwakha nokuthuthukisa umhlobiso Interiors kanye mbumbulu.

Lezi abasizi babe, isibonelo, Shutsmany abazalwane. Ababona, phakathi kokunye, bahlanganyela design inxuluma Korobkov futhi inzuzo Frank House. Futhi elibukhali ngentuthuko ukwakhiwa kwalesi Nicholas zezitolo.

Okunye abasizi Kekusheva steel Voeikov V noN Shevjakov. Futhi, lapho wawuvelele Russian abaklami A. Kuznetsov futhi I. Fomin ngu wezakhiwo esikoleni.

Ngaphezu ukusebenza ehhovisi, Kekushev wasebenza njengomfundisi eSikoleni Technical enhloko-dolobha. Ukuze izidingo ezindaweni wakwazi ukwakha laboratory yamakhemikhali.

Kekushev futhi afundiswe Stroganov School of Industrial Art. Wasinika abafundi izifundo zabo silvering, yensimbi UKWAKHA kanye nokusungulwa. Wabe eseqala ukusebenza kwesinye sezikole zobunjiniyela.

Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu, abaqotho bakhonza njengendikimba umakhi wesifunda. Futhi ngakwazi ukwakha isakhiwo yabo oluxube isitayela namaMoor ngoba almshouses ngenxa Hera.

I-oda Imperial

Maphakathi nawo-90s kuya Kekushev weza enkazimulweni kuqala. Kancane kancane, waqala ujike ukusuka umakhi abavamile ukuba umakhi ovelele. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho wathola oda kaKesari uNicholas II.

Phakathi nale minyaka, walungisa wokugcotshwa esemthethweni inkosi entsha. Ukuze umcimbi, kwanqunywa ukuba ukhiphe ingxenye Tverskaya Street, isakhiwo of the City Duma Novuko Square. Ngenxa yalesi kwathiwa mncintiswano efanele, wakhe ubuhanjelwe abakhi engcono. Ngenxa yalokho, i-oda ezandleni Kekusheva. Futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, waphindela kuqede ngempumelelo umsebenzi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama umakhi kwakuvele kwaziwa kuwo wonke umbuso.

isiqondiso entsha

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphila yenkosi kwaphawulwa yokuthi umakhi, abaqotho, ogama biography ugcwele amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, kancane kancane waya kohlala kuleli isitayela yezakhiwo Art Nouveau.

Umsebenzi wokuqala kwaba efulethini endlini Khludovs, okuyinto kubhekwa esinye sezibonelo ezivelele zalokho lokhu kuthambekela. Kuze kube manje, isakhiwo yaphinde yakhiwa, kodwa olungaphambili lwesonto walondolozwa.

isitayela Lokhu ipulani uye wasekela eziningi inhlokodolobha sika ingcebo abathuthukisi kanye abashisekeli owaziwa, phakathi ababengasekho Kuznetsova, amakhala, nabanye abaningi.

Savva Mamontov futhi emafulethini

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuza Kekushev impumelelo ezinkulu zezimali. Waba uchwepheshe ethandwa kulo mkhakha. Usomabhizinisi Akwaziwa Savva Mamontov wanquma ukuletha umakhi elidume imiklamo yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, Kekushev iqhaza ekwakhiweni Northern sesitimela, futhi yakhelwe umbhoshongo amanzi kwelinye zezitimela inhlokodolobha sika.

Kodwa mhlawumbe iphrojekthi wokuvelela kunazo ngokuhlanganyela kwaba ukwakhiwa ehhotela "Metropol".

Ngalesi sikhathi Kekusheva esimisiwe nomklami oyinhloko balezi zinhlangano zombili. Kwakuwusuku inkampani yomshuwalense, lapho ihlela ukwakhela mansions okunethezeka ngaphansi "ukhiye" isitayela Art Nouveau, kanye nenkampani homebuilding, okuyinto nje wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa "Metropol". Umqondo kwakungekaNkulunkulu umnikazi we ehhotela S. Mamontov. Ngeshwa, esikhathini esithile yanquma ukunikeza ngqo umakhi V Vilkotu. waqala Ukwakhiwa, kodwa ukuqaphela iphrojekthi Mamontov wahluleka, ngoba wamangalelwa emikhulu ngokukhwabanisa, futhi waboshwa. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi yakhe elungisisiwe kodwa ibhizinisi wajeziswa.

Abanikazi entsha ehhotela futhi umeme Kekusheva, ngakho angenza noma ukucutshungulwa iphrojekthi Vilkota. Professionals bakholelwa ukuthi Kekusheva ingxenye enikeziwe impumelelo okukhulu ibhizinisi.

Ngaphezu ukwakhiwa "Metropol", abaqotho, futhi waqala ukwakha siqu ekhaya yabo inzuzo. Futhi wezakhiwo esakhiwe somuzi wakhe Ostozhenka. Usomabhizinisi uMnu Liszt wajabula ikhaya wezakhiwo Kekusheva. Wasikisela isakhiwo ngentengo enkulu. Kekushev babengeke benqabe.

Umvuthwandaba lokusungula

Creative Leo Kekusheva isiqongo wangena ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka sasibhekwa umsunguli, futhi umlandeli ezithembekile eMoscow Art Nouveau. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-izakhiwo wezakhiwo eMoscow Leo Kekushev zaklama futhi zakha izindawo ezifana nezindlu kanye Mindovsky I. Nosov, Iberia yezitolo Arcade, kanye esiteshini sesitimela e Tsaritsyno. Futhi, ngokuvumelana yemiklamo yakhe iye ikhishwe emnyango kusukela Arbat futhi eziningi amakamelo yokudlela "ePrague". Ngaphezu kwalokho, Kekushev kwakudingeka bahlele amahholo inxuluma Morozov ukuthi Prechistenke.

Ngokuvamile, konke eMoscow wezakhiwo Kekushev kwenziwe ezingeni eliphezulu. Lezi zakhiwo ebiyelwe umphefumulo wakhe. Ziyakwazi azinake. Ngenxa yakho konke izikhungo zayo zinezikhathi cwaningo cishe esiphelele Interiors.

Inkathi Nezinkinga

Lapho kufika inguquko yokuqala isiRashiya, ukunambitheka umphakathi waqala ukushintsha. Uma ngaphambi izenzakalo 1905 yayibuswa a zikanokusho ekuseni izakhiwo modernist, ngemva kwalokhu Umkhuba omusha kwaba laconic futhi azibamba enyakatho yesimanje.

Ngeshwa, umakhi Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev noma engazimisele, noma abangakwazi ukusebenza entsha, nokuduma negunya lakhe aqala ukuncipha.

Ngo-1907 wayezomvusa ukwakha yokudlela ngokuthi "El Dorado." Eqinisweni, le phrojekthi kwakufanele kube omunye imibono enkulu wezakhiwo. Nokho, isakhiwo saqala ukwakha omunye uchwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa yaqedwa, kodwa lokuchezuka elikhulu futhi sína kusukela L. Kekusheva imidwebo. Kugcine ekudalweni ezicacile zendlela wezakhiwo - esibhedlela ukuthi isimo. Yakhiwa ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngo-1912.

umsebenzi Okwalandela ngu umakhi Kekushev eyenziwa ngaphandle inkulumo kakhulu futhi ubuntu.

ukufa

Ngemva 1912, isiphetho Kekusheva yazuza isici edabukisayo ngempela. Kwakubonakala ukuthi umklami futhi angazange alithenge izinkontileka. Wayesanda ubeke izithombe ezisezincwadini ezihlukahlukene endalweni yakhe endala.

Futhi ukusho ngakho non-akukho. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuba uqinisekise nakomagazini bezobuchwepheshe, yena ngenhlanhla uyaphila futhi ngezinye izikhathi sathuthela efulethini entsha.

disengagement okunjalo, ngokuvumelana wokuphila, umakhi, kwabangelwa ukugula kwengqondo. Okunye-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi wezakhiwo Kekushev zigcinwe yena ngenxa yamuva ukushiyeka siqu futhi umsebenzi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, lapho Okthoba Revolution nempi yombango, master zanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kuyinto ayikaziwa Esehambile waficwa, nalapho wembelwa ... Nokho, ngokuvumelana ezihlotsheni zakhe, Leo Kekushev wafa ngo-1917 esibhedlela. Bammbela kwelinye amathuna inhlokodolobha sika ... kanjani inkumbulo wezakhiwo kwesokunxele Kekushev izakhiwo yakhe eMoscow. Izithombe yomsebenzi wakhe, wena unethuba lokuba ukubona lesi sihloko.

Esifubeni umndeni

ukuphila komuntu umakhi amumethe izenzakalo. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, futhi amadrama umndeni. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-90 XIX Kekushev wahlangana no-Anna Bolotova, indodakazi umhlala induna. Wazalelwa futhi aphila ngokunethezeka Kremenchug, esifundazweni Poltava. Ngesikhathi phuzu buthano lo intombazane enhle nje waphenduka nesishiyagalolunye. Kuphumelele dolobha abaklami kwakucishe 35. Naphezu umehluko, oshadile othandekayo. Kwathi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 1897-th.

Ekuqaleni, lo mbhangqwana bayajabula ngempela. Izingane zawo zakhula. Impahla babenesifiso kuyo ehlobo kule omangalisayo Ihlathi Silver. Futhi, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa emshadweni, bathuthela endlini yabo e Ostozhenka, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Eqinisweni, le "izindlu okukhethekile" ukukhuluma ngalokhu ukuvala amathuba okuba umculi okhokhelwayo wezakhiwo. Ngiyavuma, izindlu zikanokusho, okwakhiwa kuso kumaphrojekthi lombhali, amayunithi ephethwe.

Ngokwe-akhawunti kuphela umzukulu umakhi, waba emangalisayo, uhlamvu abaqotho. Wayengumuntu bejabule futhi nomusa izihlobo, abangane, esisebenza nabo. Wayethanda ukwenza amahlaya ngezinto ezingokoqobo. Kodwa uthando lwakhe yangempela bekulokhu izakhiwo njalo. Njengomthetho, wavuka ngehora lesithupha ekuseni, bese waqala ukusebenza ehhovisi lakhe. Ngokusho umkakhe Kekusheva, wayengumuntu umuntu nomdlandla kakhulu. Futhi lapho azidala, ngokuvamile Udlule izilinganiso ezidingekayo. Esimweni esinjalo ngezinye izikhathi kukhokhelwe uqobo angekho nesikhwama sakhe semali sikhona ngenhloso ukubona samuntu imibono yabo. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yemvelo lesi sici esikhathini esizayo, washiya lutho emva kwakhe kodwa izikweletu.

Okungenani injabulo emndenini yathatha iminyaka engaba yishumi. Ngo-1906, abaqotho banquma ukuthuthela endaweni ephephile. Ngokusho kwemithombo ezingaqinisekisiwe, imbangela ikhefu kwaba ngokuphinga okwenzekile ka ngomfazi umklami. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, waqala lithandana omunye wozakwabo bethula inkulumo kulo mhlangano Kekusheva.

Noma kunjalo, lo mbhangqwana wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze usungule ubudlelwane babo. Kunoma ikuphi, kwaba nenkathi lapho futhi bahlala ndawonye. Kodwa ke futhi wahamba. Zonke lemizamo yayiyize ukulondoloza umshado.

Ukuhlela ukwakheka Kekushev: izingane

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umndeni abasha Kekusheva ababezele abantwana. Izibulo ambalwa abadumile, wazala indodana, uNicholas. Wazalwa ngo ekupheleni kuka Februwari 1898. Ngo-1901 ngomfazi umakhi wamnika indodakazi, Tatiana. Futhi ngonyaka ozayo wazalwa Indodakazi encane Katya.

INdodana Nicholas waqhubeka abe aviator abadumile. Ngo-1924, waphawula Order of Red Banner. Wabe kwaholela ezempi ensimini ka-republic elise-Asia Ephakathi.

Ngo-1930 yena wayesebenza njengonogada zezindiza umakhenikha polar. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesevile eminyakeni engu ilungu iqembu VP Golovin. Lezi pilot ephethwe umhlaba okokuqala ku-North Pole, lapho kulungiselelwa kokwehla bomkhankaso eyaziwa wamazwe polar Ivan Papanin.

Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kanye nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad, uNicholas wakhipha ku izindiza izakhamuzi ezivamile angibuza yenhloko-dolobha enyakatho ezwekazini. Ekulandiseni kwakhe komyalelo wokungabi izindiza amahlanu.

Ngemva kwempi esejele, bese nehla ekamu. Lapho ededelwa, wanquma ukubhala incwadi ka Umlando wakhe. Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke, azikho imininingwane mayelana nokuphila kanye nokufa sikababa abadumile kulo msebenzi.