Lapho lokuqoqa Uhobhane? Indlela yokutshala Uhobhane

Uhobhane eziningi nabantu ababejwayelene ubhiya; Ngempela, ingxenye eziholayo siphuzo esithandwayo emhlabeni. Ngakho ngokuvamile lapho ekhula lesi sitshalo umbuzo okunengqondo ophakamayo: lapho ukuqoqa Uhobhane? Kanaplyou kungokwalabo umndeni, kanye namuhla siyazi ezimbili zazo: Japanese kanye abavamile, le obanzi kunayo ngenxa yokufunwa embonini yokuphisa.

Uphinde agibele: zokuhlobisa umngane eziwusizo noma ukhula eziyingozi?

Uhobhane, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto ithole endaweni yayo ezihlukahlukene izimboni (yezokwelapha, kwamakha, izimonyo, ekhemisi, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo okusemathinini, ebhikawozi), ngokomlando sekucatshangelwa bomdabu kuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani lesi sitshalo sithunyelwe ngu kwamaGreki namaRoma. Esikhathini ukunakekelwa ekhaya elingenaye Uhobhane ikhula zasendle futhi iguqulwe ibe umqali real, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukuba ahoxe. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile amahlozi obukhulu kungabonwa ezisemagumbini ezikude engadini, lapho isandla yomuntu neze liyoshona, elibangela enqoba unomphela amasimu amasha isitshalo engalawuliwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba kuqhathaniswa "indlela yokutshala hop" kuyi wenza kuphakame omunye - "indlela ayibulale?"

Ngokunikeza ukunakekelwa Uhobhane efanele kungenzeka a element zokuhlobisa yezinkathi ezithile yayinamakhothamo, ezicijile, izingongolo. Ikakhulukazi ukubukeka umxhwele ke uhlanganyela Izigaxa eluhlaza, okuyizinto ezihlobene imihlobiso yasekuqaleni zokuhlobisa. Lapho lokuqoqa hop Izigaxa?

Yangaphandle izici izitshalo

Uphinde agibele abavamile uyakwazi zikhule endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engu-20 futhi esibonakala ngokuqina uhambahamba lianopodobnym stem uqine uhlelo eside impande lingena inhlabathi kumuntu ka 4 amamitha ukujula, futhi ububanzi abahlakazekile bakwa ngamamitha ama-3. Namahlumela kuyo le mpande main kuyinto komhlaba indlela yokuphunyuka ehlathini, njalo ukwakha efihlekile (isisekelo ukwakheka amahlumela), esiye sanezela kakhulu asebenzayo lena ngonyaka wesine ukukhula. ukutshalwa Cultural of Uhobhane ungaphakathi ukubhujiswa njalo kwamagciwane amaningi ukuze ugweme ukwanda kwalo kwesihlahla. Ukuze uqonde lapho ukuqoqa Uhobhane, kufanele abe ukuqonda ngesilinganiso esithile ukuthi lesi sitshalo futhi izici zayo.

Okushukunyiswa hop amagatsha, embozwe izinwele, ngesineke umbala oluhlaza noma esibomvana, ukujiya ifinyelela mayelana 13 mm. Plant singafinyelela ubude ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-10 futhi ngo-inqubo yokukhula linamathela ukweseka esebenzisa izikopelo kryuchkopodobnyh ibekwe eduze stem ubhekene ohlangothini amahlumela, amacembe kanye petioles.

Flowers of Uhobhane kuvuna in inflorescences encane (i-20-60 izingcezu) kukhona namabhampa ezikhulayo imivini zesifazane. izitshalo besilisa musa yakha izigaxa, lokho kuvame ubhujiswe. Izithelo mancane brown namantongomane. Imbewu nazo ezincane kakhulu: izingcezu 1,000 linesisindo 2 kuya ku-4 amagremu. hop amahlamvu unefomu serdtsepodobnuyu engxenyeni phakathi isitshalo zinjalo ngobukhulu, phezulu kanye phansi ehlathini - ezincane. Uhlangothi engenhla umbala oluhlaza amnyama, phansi - ulula futhi iqukethe nezindlala secreting amafutha abalulekile kanye inhlaka. Okungenhla-phansi ingxenye isitshalo uhlala unyaka owodwa futhi lufe ekupheleni kwekwindla, ngokungafani uhlelo impande eside.

Izici kulinywe

Indlela ukuze ikhule futhi lapho ukuqoqa Uhobhane? Ukutshala of Uhobhane kukhiqizwa ezindaweni elisezansi. Ukwakha ukuhlangana mass okuthiwa endaweni Khmelniki ka 20-30 amahektha, ihlukaniswe izikwele ngabanye, phakathi okuyinto ezibekwe 3-4 imitha ithrekhi. isethi ngayinye ehektheleni izinsika 145-150 (8-9 metres ubude), ngoba trellises kudivayisi. Ukuze uvikele siphambana nemimoya kubanda emasimini zokudakwa itshalwe eduze kwamasimu, ihlathi amabhande ihlathi. Asihlelile ngaleso endaweni isitshalo evulekile kusengaphambili (kweminyaka embalwa) cased 2-3 irowu windbreaks of izihlahla elikhula ngokushesha, okuwenza aqondane egama-ipulazi at ibanga ngamamitha angu-20.

Landing: ekhaya futhi ngezinga ezimbonini

Chmielnik Bookmark senziwe medium, wavuma podzolic, wapheka futhi ihlathi emazweni amanzi okuhle; komhlaba akufanele kube eduze kwamanzi umhlabathi. Ukutshala Kwenziwa cuttings noma nezithombo Uhobhane esekhulile kuyo. Ukutshala ukujula, okuyinto Kunconywa April no-May, kuyinto 8-10 cm.

Ekhaya, okutshalwe kwenziwa isimiso esifanayo, kodwa Uma siyibuka ngelinye iso. Ngakho, lesi sitshalo kumele uhlinzeke inhlabathi kahle akhanywa, indawo libalele, futhi ukusekelwa lapho ngeke ingene. Ngenxa sokugcina, ungasebenzisa kocingo noma udonga ekhaya naye entsanjeni onezinkinga. Ngemva zokutshala Kunconywa ukuthambisa luningi.

Yisithombo ukuvela ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinsukwini 7-10 emva kokutshala. Lapho ufika ukuphakama plant 50-60 cm lufakwa stem isipele futhi friable kubalimi yezinto (isikali zezimboni). Phakathi yokukhula ngokuvamile kwenziwa 4-5 fluffing inhlabathi futhi omunye earthing. Kukhula uhlelo impande hop kuyekwa kusukela emnyakeni ukukhula lesibili. kwentwasahlobo zilima wenza emikhulu, ukusika izimpande ezilingene komhlaba neziqu ngonyaka odlule; izitshalo athuthukile, Bamnquma yonke indlela, inamandla - ku umbhangqwana wokuqala noma lesibili kwamehlo.

Ukuvundiswa nokunakekela

Lapho ufika ukuphakama plant 3-4 amamitha liyadingeka zalisa yayo umquba phosphorus-potassium ngesilinganiso 30-45 kg ihektha 1. Izigaxa Vintage kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa pasynkovaniya - kunciphisa amagatsha xaxa lateral at ibanga 3 cm kusukela stem main.

Endleleni, wenza ukukhipha izitshalo ezilimele noma efile futhi esincike endaweni yabo izimo ezintsha. Ngokwesilinganiso, 1 ha (e zikhula commercial) ewela ayizinkulungwane 14-16 ezihlabayo. Ngemva izihlahla kanye kokukhulelwa ekhiqizwa ukhula ukubulala ukhula.

Ukuveza kanye ukufakelwa Uhobhane

Ukufakelwa kanye nasezintweni okuhlalwa Uhobhane, engxenyeni engenhla lapho efa ngaphambi ukuqala ebusika, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza entwasahlobo noma ekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngenxa yale njongo isitshalo okumba, ukukhetha izimpande enempilo kakhulu futhi ukutshala inkatho preformed ibanga 1 imitha kusuka komunye nomunye. Uma uhlela izimpande entwasahlobo zokutshala Kunconywa ukuba bafake iphakethe, kanye esincane umhlaba kanye sawdust, bese ugcine efrijini.

Uhobhane zingandiswa by cuttings softwood, okuyinto bafa kusukela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala futhi izitshalo ezindala. Imbewu Uhobhane asetshenziselwa kabusha iningi abalimi ngenjongo yokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha.

Lapho lokuqoqa Uhobhane?

Nokuvuthwa of hop Izigaxa zivame Ukuboshelwa, ukuvuna kungenziwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-September. Lapho lokuqoqa hop Izigaxa? Ukuze wenze lokhu kahle ukunquma ripeness zabo, izimpawu zazo kuba phambi powder ophuzi, efana impova, ukunambitheka ethize, ukuminyana ezinhle, okuphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, bract onsundu ngaphansi; ishq kufanele ibe isinyathelo Ehlala. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi in the Izigaxa aqukethe inani eliphezulu amafutha abalulekile, alpha-acid, polyphenol. Amapulazi yokuhlanza hmelevodcheskih uphela ngasekupheleni September; ngasekupheleni ne imikhondo yokuvuna ukuba ukwehla izinga layo ngenxa ukuqubuka lupulin okusanhlamvu.

impahla eluhlaza omiswe Izici

Ngemva uqoqa Izigaxa ukuze ome, kungenjalo impahla eluhlaza kuyinto ngokushesha ukuwohloka asifanele yokuphisa lesi siphuzo. Ikhaya abaphisayo babevame ukusebenzisa salokhu dryer ngoba izithelo kanye amakhowe, noma kuhhavini ezivamile. Ukukhiqizwa enkulu Uhobhane, equkethe ngu-80% wamanzi, ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna umoya oshisayo ke omisiwe e Ohhavini ekhethekile. Ukoma kufanele kwayekwa lapho ukudla uhlevane iba ziyaqothuka. material elomile kufanele ibe nombala ophuzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ishq cishe isisindo zifane usikilidi ephepheni. Kuleli zinga, uhlevane kudingeka akuqede, wafaka upulasitiki nendawo efrijini, batawuhlala kuphi balinde. Ngo isikali zezimboni izinto ezasetshenziselwa lilondolozwe izigaba polyethylene noma Jute amasaka hmelepriomnyh noma hmelefabrikah lapho ekugcineni alethwe ejwayelekile emakethe ejwayelekile.

Ngemva iqoqo hop Izigaxa, ekwindla, loma umoba izitshalo bafa, ukuthekelisa kusuka endaweni ngenjongo nokushiswa. Khmelniki bahlanza ngokucophelela izimila izinsalela, okwenza organic (umquba noma umquba) kanye nemikhiqizo potassium-phosphorus.

Uphinde agibele abavamile

Uhobhane Brewer

Ibanga kuyinto okusezingeni eliphezulu isitshalo okukhulu kokuba ukunambitheka olubucayi. Izigaxa-side ukuma cylindrical, ngokwesilinganiso, ngokwanele aminyene; kubo isihlahla esincane. Uhobhane, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto embonini ubhiya futhi ekulungiseleleni izidakamizwa hmelesoderzhaschih ebanzi ngokwanele kakhulu ukumelana nezifo, umnkantsha ngaphandle, waterlogging, isomiso. Isikhathi izimila - izinsuku 115.

Uhobhane Triumph

Ngesinye isikhathi ezikhulayo iminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphezulu, amelana waterlogging, nesomiso kanye frost. Kungase kube abathintekayo yizimbuzane. It elinesimo iphunga olubucayi, elisetshenziswa yokuphisa nokucubungula okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola zithutha bagxila.