Lamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili izici zobuchwepheshe

Qala indaba kungaba kuwufanele nge Edison. Le ndoda yonke into eziyibonayo isayensi bazama esikhipha bakhe isibani, uzama ukufinyelela ezinyoni ekukhanyeni kagesi, futhi ngephutha yasungulwa diode isibani. Amaelectrons kokushiya vacuo cathode futhi entrained ekufezeni electrode yesibili, ahlukaniswe ngesikhala. On eqondisa wamanje ngesikhathi wayenolwazi oluncane, kodwa okusungulile lobunikazi wathola isicelo yayo ngesikhathi esifanele. Yingaleso sikhathi, futhi kwakudingeka isici samanje yamandla aphindeke kabili. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Isici zamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili ye-isisetjenziswa se-elektroniki - cleaner, kanye Semiconductor futhi - kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi baziphathe kanjani lapho uvula kudivayisi i wesifunda kagesi. Empeleni, kuba okukhipha zamanje sincike voltage isicelo kudivayisi. Edison owasungula le eyandulela we diode yakhelwe uyonquma negative voltage amagugu, nakuba, empeleni, yonke into kuzoncika isiqondiso ithuluzi esitshalweni ku circuit, kodwa okuningi mayelana naleyo abanye isikhathi esithile, ukuze singathwesi Sibhalwe umfundi ngemininingwane engadingekile.

Ngakho, isici samanje yamandla aphindeke kabili ye-diode okahle omuhle zezibalo parabola legatsha, aziwa kakhulu ngo izifundo esikoleni. Lamanje ngokusebenzisa leli thuluzi kungaba ageleze kuphela kwelinye direction. Ngokwemvelo, umkhuba enhle sihluke empilweni yangempela, futhi kusenesidingo zamanje yisinanakazana at voltages negative, okukhulunywe kwelashwe (ukuvuza). He is mancane kakhulu kunalawo wamanje oyifunayo, ukubizwa ngokuthi ngqo, kodwa, nokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe mayelana non-ideality zomculo wangempela.

Umshini triode ihlukile nomfowethu omncane nge khona ababili electrode yegridi control, a damming kwesigaba transversely phakathi umfuma cleaner. A cathode nge enamathela ekhethekile okuyinto kusiza ngokwahlukana yayo kusukela electron ebusweni, laba umthombo owasetshenziswa izinhlayiya aphansi okwakuthatha anode. Ukugeleza voltage control isetshenziswa kugridi. Izimfanelo zamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili ye- isibani cleaner triode kakhulu efana a diode, kodwa nomunye sebhithi enkulu. Kuye voltage ku kumila Coefficient parabola asitholayo ushintsho, futhi sithola umndeni ka efanayo ifomu imigqa.

Ngokungafani diode transistors sokuqhuba voltage omuhle phakathi cathode kanye anode. Ukusebenza oyifunayo ibangelwa manipulation voltage yegridi. Futhi ekugcineni, kuzomele wenze update lokugcina. Kusukela cathode lunamandla ezilinganiselwe ukuze electron ekushayweni, it has a isici esifundeni ukugcwaliswa ngamunye, lapho ukwanda voltage aliholeli ukwanda okukhipha zamanje.

Naphezu isimo ezahlukene nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano izici zamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili ye-Transistor akuyona ezahlukene kakhulu kusukela triode, kodwa steepness we parabola kuqhathaniswa ezinkulu. Yingakho circuit isibani kuveza ngokuvamile idluliselwa kumuntu substrate Semiconductor. I-oda tintfo lucobo ngaphandle transistors mancane kakhulu supply voltages. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi Semiconductor zingalawulwa yibo bobabili voltages emihle nemibi, okunikeza neku- nenkululeko abaklami lapho ukuklama izifunda.

Ukuze bahlangabezane ngokugcwele izicelo zokudlulisela izixazululo ngomumo eyenziwe kanye namadivayisi ziye yasungulwa ne umphumela Photoelectric. Nokho, sengathi isibani esetshenziswa zinhlobo ayo angaphandle, eziphambili base isici, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ezisebenza ngesisekelo umphumela Photoelectric yangaphakathi. Lamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili isici Photoelectric ungachazwa ukuthi okukhiphayo Inani lamanje kugudlukela, kuye ukukhanyisa. Umfutho ukukhanya lingaphezulu enkulu wamanje okukhiphayo. Njengoba umsebenzi phototransistors, photodiodes asetshenziswa njengoba igatsha reverse zamanje. Lokhu kusiza ukwakha imishini ikwazi ukuthola izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya futhi iphethwe ukukhanya imithombo yangaphandle.