Kuyini polnoglasie ngesiRashiya?

Lwati loluhle isiRashiya awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukutadisha izenzakalo ezingokomlando kwemithetho yayo. Izinqubo ezenzeka kanye ayethe njo ngolimi isikhathi eside, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba silifunde. Isikhalazo kumlando kusiza ekuchazeni yokuthi nencazelo akukuniki e efika kuqala. Konke lokhu kusebenza ngokugcwele isihloko sathi lesi sihloko, lapho sizobe sigxile ezintweni polnoglasie ngolimi Russian.

izinqubo Ifonetiki e yezilimi

ulimi Modern Russian ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuwukuthi ulimi Eastern lwamaSlav. Babewumphakathi egatsheni lenqaba kwesihlahla ulimi Indo-European. Ekhulwini le-14, i-sikakhokho (ulimi Old Russian) ahlukaniselwe isiRashiya, isi-Belarusian futhi Ukraine. Ngamunye wabo eba ngendlela yalo, kodwa kukhona ukufana.

Ulimi IsiRashiya sinamagama amaningi staroslavyanizmy. Sinenkosi nezici zabo, eyabonakala ngenxa ezinye izenzakalo ngolimi. Ikhumbula izinqubo zomlando ungakhuluma ngabaningi babo. Lokhu sifanankhamisa, dissonance ukunciphisa, zinkulu, kanye nabanye.

Ngokulandelayo, cabanga ngalokho polnoglasie ngolimi Russian. Naphezu eyinkimbinkimbi yale nqubo, kufanele kuphawulwe izinguquko ngenxa lesi simanga ngolimi Russian ebonakalayo. Zonke amagama polnoglasiem zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

1. Ngokomlando, seligama nge polnoglasiem futhi nepolnoglasiem khona ngokulinganisa. Ngokwesibonelo, asetshenziswa nini r - D Fika zhny g Olt nge - kukhanya s la, w engakafi bovka - w D biy nabanye.
2. Amagama kufanele kuphela polnoglasnye inhlanganisela futhi nepolnoglasnye zalahleka. Ngokwesibonelo, elisetshenziswa oro ukuze oro Islands, nge LI nezinye ma.
3. Amagama kuphela nepolnoglasiem futhi polnoglasie elahlekile. Ngokwesibonelo, e la ha, ra m, Igama D kwabanye.

Polnoglasie ngesiRashiya

Mayelana ekuthuthukiseni zomlando kolimi sikwazi ukukhuluma lo mkhuba polnoglasie. Izimpande isiRashiya ku isiSlavonic Esidala Sesonto. IsiSlavonic Esidala ulimi - ulimi izincwadi esontweni. Wayeqonda yiwo wonke amaSlav lasendulo. Kube yayikhona amazwi nepolnoglasnymi inhlanganisela. Ngokwesibonelo, e pa n b D r, las njll Ngo yolimi lwanamuhla Russian , bona zivumelana amagama oro n, b engakafi r, ne OLO, njll

Ngakho, ukuqonda ukuthi yini polnoglasie, kubalulekile ukubheka izinqubo zomlando eziye zenzeka ngolimi. Bayachaza ngokugcwele lesi simanga. Polnoglasie - kuba phambi emazwini inhlanganisela Eastern lwamaSlav -olo- -ere-, -oro- ukuthi umdlalo -ra--Old Church, -la-, -re-, -le-. Ngokwesibonelo, m-th kuya OLO ukuba le.

Polnoglasie yakhiwe ezimbili onkamisa futhi sonorant (ayibhangqiwe lizwakalise emagama abe ngemalunga) therebetween. Ngelilodwa nje, zingabantu phakathi ongwaqa. Lapho nepolnoglasii ngolimi Indo-European inhlanganisela ezihambisana inhlanganisela diphthongal, okungukuthi unkamisa e ilunga kungase kuzwakale, kodwa engakwazi. Olimini zasendulo yayibizwa encishisiwe imisindo. Ngokwesibonelo, m ol Nia - m OLO Nha.

amazwi Polnoglasiem, izibonelo zalo ezingenakususwa enikezwa esihlokweni, avame ukusetshenziswa enkulumweni yansuku zonke. Nepolnoglasie sici ngaphezulu izinkondlo. Ngokwesibonelo, NJENGOBA Pushkin ufunde "Ngo ekujuleni imikhando laseSiberia X Dr. uNita ukubekezela uyaziqhenya ..." (oro x uNita).

Izibonelo amazwi polnoglasiem

Ngo isiRashiya bungabonakala futhi polnoglasnye nepolnoglasnye pair. Kodwa ngakho-ke kwenzeka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi iqhubeka ifomu namuhla nepolnoglasnaya, kuyilapho polnoglasie kubhekwe zakudala. Ngokwesibonelo, sinezwi e ra d, futhi g oro okuphume ukusetshenziswa.

Ngesinye isikhathi amagama polnoglasiem, izibonelo zazo zikhona namuhla, kufanele libe nencazelo ehluke ukwedlula izwi nepolnoglasiem. Zinjalo ngazimbili ezilandelayo ezifana esetshenziswa oro zda (inkatho) - b ra zdy (ibhodi) kuya Orot lokubonisa (ngobukhulu) - kuMnu tky (isikhathi) x oro ngentambo (imenze phansi) - x ra ngentambo ( singalazisa), kanye nabanye.

Lezi zibonelo kuzokusiza uqonde ukuthi polnoglasie ngolimi Russian.

Igama isela

Akuwona wonke izwi, lapho kukhona inhlanganisela enjalo, singasho sithi polnoglasnym noma nepolnoglasnym. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungashiwo ukuthi amagama abe pair.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kukhona polnoglasie igama elithi "isela", ukubheka isichazamazwi. Leli gama lisuselwa elithi "isela" ne Isijobelelo -ovk- futhi imele insikazi umuntu. IZwi ekhululekile olwalusikisela kubuhlungu. Thola okungenani inkondlo zezingane "I Thieving Magpie incumbe okuphekiwe ..."

Kusukela onkamisa polnoglasii iyona eyisisusa, singaphetha ngokuthi polnoglasie igama elithi "isela" ayikho.

izimpande ezahlukene

Kanye-Eastern polnoglasiem Slavic ngolimi Old Russian uvele nepolnoglasiya ababevela isiSlavonic Esidala Sesonto izikhumbuzo lokubhala. Njengoba ubona, ngokuhamba ekuthuthukiseni zomlando kolimi kwenzeka ngo izinqubo ezahlukene ukuthi bukaJehova kubonakala isipelingi.

Polnoglasie-nepolnoglasie ngokuphelele - kuwumphumela izenzakalo ezingokomlando. nepolnoglasnye lwamaSlav amafomu athwale Imprint solemnity. Ngakho-ke, basuke kabanzi yasetshenziswa abalobi nabahlaziyi kanye izimbongi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Njengoba NJENGOBA inkondlo Pushkin mayelana Petersburg kwelinye quatrain isebenzisa ngamathathu ala magama. G ra d, st RA n b la t Ngale ndlela wafuna ukubonisa ubukhulu komuzi, wakha phakathi bogs enyakatho futhi waba "ifasitela eYurophu".

Futhi amafomu izibonelo nepolnoglasnyh ingatholakala phraseologisms. Ngokwesibonelo, "Mnu Som la ukukhala ehlane" sikubiza ezinye izikhalazo iyize; "La nge m esiswini sula" lisho ukuthi "ingane"; "Amathumba le com m noju" Inkulumo ngomuntu ocebile.

Kodwa lokho polnoglasie kungabonakala amazwi anjengokuthi "undlunkulu", "likhale", "inkomo", "ubisi", nabanye abaningi.

Lena isimiso mlando yesipelingi. Empeleni, la mazwi zenzelwe yokugcina, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufakwe okungenani isipelingi. Ngenkathi besebenza ngala mazwi nje wenza uhambo zomlando, uchaza eziningi lokubhala.

ukubhala kahle

ngamazwi nepolnoglasiem abe nohlamvu wagcizelela lapho unkamisa osesimweni eqinile. Lapho ebhalela lamagama kuqhamuka ubunzima. Bambalwa abantu benze iphutha amazwi anjengokuthi "Pa n x", "D kimi", "Na we", "La DKY" njll

Futhi iyini polnoglasie? .. Ngokuhlangana polnoglasnom omunye onkamisa osesimweni ababuthakathaka. Kuyadingeka noma ukuqinisekisa noma ngekhanda. Kule isikhundla amazwi polnoglasiem zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: unkamisa kungaba ihlolwe noma sovarnoe izwi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-elithi "wasebenzisa Jere g" unkamisa wokuqala enendawo eqinile, owesibili isheke elithi "levober zhny E". Kodwa igama elithi "ekhatsi Oro Bay" unkamisa yesibili kungaba ihlolwe ( "bushek ekhatsi Oro"), futhi owokuqala akunakwenzeka. Lena izwi isichazamazwi. La mazwi bayingxenye okungenani isipelingi umfundi unyaka kwesifundo ngasinye.