Kuyini OSCE? Ukwakheka mission kanti izingqapheli OSCE

Kuyini OSCE? Umlando waleli nhlangano. Ngo-1973, emhlanganweni wezizwe labetibambile ukuxoxa nokubambisana nokuvikeleka e-Europe (CSCE). Bathatha ingxenye angu-33. Yaphela ngokukhululwa ukusayinwa amakhanda e Helsinki amazwe ohulumeni isenzo, egcwele uhlelo eside yesenzo ukuze kwakhiwe ukuthula yeningi futhi eqhakazile Europe olulodwa. Inhlangano kuyisihluthulelo ngoba i-European Community. It has amandla wonke yokuxazulula izingxabano ezihlukahlukene, ukuqapha kwamalungelo wobuntu emazweni ngabanye, ukulawula yokuphepha kwezemvelo.

Evolution yenhlangano

Kuyini OSCE? Ngokwe-Helsinki amalungiselelo Lokugcina iziqondiso eyinhloko yomsebenzi wenhlangano zihlanganisa izinkinga elandelayo ezihlobene nokuvikeleka-European: nokubambisana emkhakheni wesayensi, umnotho, ubuchwepheshe, imvelo, zezenhlalakahle kanye nezinye izindima (amalungelo esintu, ulwazi, isiko, imfundo). Lona OSCE Mission. ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile yenqubo Helsinki kwaba umhlangano we-United Amaphathi e Belgrade (1977-1978 GG.), Madrid (1980-1983 GG.), Vienna (1986-1989 GG.).

Ngazuza ukubaluleka okukhulu lomhlangano we iqhaza States OSCE ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu e-Paris (1990 th), Helsinki (1992 th), Budapest (1994 th), Lisbon (imizuzu 1996) kanye Istanbul (1999 th). Ngenxa yalokho we institutionalization kancane kancane futhi wanquma ukudala iposi ka uNobhala-Jikelele (1993rd) kanye Permanent oPhethe CSCE usezuze izici inhlangano lesifunda ngamazwe. Ngokuhambisana ngesinqumo sesiKhulu Budapest Summit ngo-1995, CSCE washintsha igama layo ku OSCE. Sokuqonda izifinyezo for Security Nokubambisana eYurophu.

Ngo-1996, emhlanganweni Lisbon zezinhloko emazweni iqhaza kuyinto izinqumo ezibalulekile kakhulu futhi imibhalo athathwa. Okokuqala, umqondo kuye kwachazwa nokuvikeleka zaseYurophu ngekhulu lama-21. Kwakuyisikhathi inkulumo ngesidingo ukwakhisa we Europe entsha ngaphandle kwemingcele futhi imigqa sokuhlukanisa. Eqinisweni, le dokhumenti Wawugujelwani ukudalwa European Union. Okwesibili, ibuyekeziwe CFE Treaty (iSivumelwano kuyi-Ezivamile Armed Forces).

Kuyini OSCE? Namuhla, amalungu inhlangano kukhona emazweni angu-56, kuhlanganise zonke European, post-Soviet, eCanada, e-United States futhi Mongolia. Lokhu kuvumela le nhlangano ukuze OSCE ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi emhlabeni. Igunya lwalolu hlelo ihlanganisa uhlu olukhulu imibuzo wemikhakha ezempi nezombusazwe, kwemvelo, kwezomnotho nesayensi. Okuphokophelwe yi-inhlangano yilezi: counter-ubuphekula, izingalo control, ezemvelo kanye ukulondeka kwezomnotho, ukuvikelwa intando yeningi namalungelo abantu, kanye nabanye abaningi. Amazwe okuqondene OSCE babe zokulingana. Izinqumo zenziwa ngesisekelo ukuvumelana. Kukhona izikhungo ezahlukene OSCE. Ukuthi kuyini, sizakwenza ngezansi.

imigomo

Inhlangano igxile imizamo yayo abantu ngokuvinjelwa ahlukahlukene izingxabano kwesifunda futhi ukuxazulula ingxabano kanye nezibhelu ezilandela lokhu, ukuqedwa imiphumela impi, nokunye. N. iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha nokugcina ukuphepha kanye nezixazululo okufinyelela imigomo esemqoka ye nhlangano izigaba ezintathu zomculo. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa:

• ukulawula ekwandeni;
• imisebenzi yokwakha ithemba futhi ukukhuthaza ukuphepha;
• izinyathelo zamanxusa ukuvimbela ezimpini ezihlukahlukene.

Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa ukuphepha emkhakheni umnotho kanye nemvelo. Isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa konke okuhlobene kwamalungelo wobuntu, inkululeko kanembeza, nokunye. Ziyakwazi:

• imisebenzi nokuhlonishwa kwamalungelo obuntu;
• ukuqapha ukhetho emazweni ahlukahlukene;
• kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zentando yeningi.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi izinqumo OSCE sika kukhona sokweluleka hhayi esibophezelayo. Nokho, ziyisici lukhulu zezombusazwe. Abasebenzi be-nhlangano 370 abantu tebuholi yebo izinkulungwane 3.5 umsebenzi izimishini ensimini.

isiqongo

Summit ngokuthi umhlangano abamele amazwe iqhaza ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Bona ezimela Forum iqhaza baMazwe Uhulumeni, aphethwe ngokuvamile zonke amabili kuya eminyakeni emithathu bakwazi ukuxoxa ngalesi simo emkhakheni wokuphepha nekusimama OSCE esifundeni, ukuthatha izinqumo ezifanele, ekutholeni iziqondiso eyinhloko imisebenzi inhlangano term lamafisha amathemba.

UMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe kanye Permanent Council

UMkhandlu emihlanganweni Izikhonzi anakekelwa nguNgqongqotjhe Wezindaba Zangaphandle amalungu States kwenhlangano. He is central ekuthathweni futhi indikimba ebusayo OSCE. I Permanent Council - iyingxenye asebenzayo, lapho ezingeni Permanent Abameleli States Amaphathi labetibambile wokubonisana zezombusazwe, izinqumo ngazo zonke izindaba nemisebenzi samanje OSCE. Plenary amaseshini PS aphethwe njalo ukuqala ngoLwesine eVienna.

UMkhandlu Yephalamende

OSCE Inhlangano has LoMhlangano yayo ePhalamende. sessions plenary aphethwe kabili ngonyaka ngokusekelwa PA likaNobhala, etholakala e-Copenhagen. OSCE Usihlalo-nabo PA njalo, ukwazisa abahlanganyeli ngomsebenzi wenhlangano. PA uMongameli ukhethelwa isikhathi sonyaka owodwa.

likanobhala

OSCE likaNobhala, omsebenzi wakhe oholwa Unobhala-jikelele we ezilawula imishini futhi inhlangano izikhungo efakwe e-United Member, ukhonza imisebenzi nezinye izindikimba ezilawulayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwe-izingqungquthela ahlukahlukene, wahlanganyela izinto zokuphatha mali, inqubomgomo izisebenzi, unesibopho ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, cindezela bese t. d. likaNobhala eliseVienna (Austria), nehhovisi emuva e Prague, (Czech Republic). Ukuze ngcono Secretariat kanye nezinye izikhungo e izindiza kwezomnotho kanye kwemvelo kusukela ngoJanuwari 1998 okuthunyelwe Co-ordinator ka OSCE wezoMnotho kanye imikhakha imvelo.

USihlalo-e

Kuyini OSCE? Ubuso inhlangano kanye sibalo amakhulu ezombusazwe kuyinto usihlalo zamanje. Yena unesibopho ukubambisana nokubonisana on zamanje ezombusazwe. Emsebenzini walo, Usihlalo usizwa:

• Eyandulela eyamlandela ukusebenza ndawonye naye ngefomethi trio.
• amaqembu Special, nazo uqoka.
• abameleli Personal, nabo aqokwe Usihlalo, nokunikezwa igunya ethize kanye nencazelo uhlu lwezinkinga ezindaweni ezahlukene kwekhono OSCE.

IHhovisi Institutions Democratic Human Rights (ODIHR esifushanisiwe)

Lesi sakhiwo kusiza ukubamba ukukhethwa ngokwentando yeningi e-United Member (kuhlanganise ukuthumela ukhetho observation ohambweni), kanye nokunikeza usizo olungokoqobo ekugqugquzeleni kwezikhungo zentando yeningi kanye nokuhlonishwa kwamalungelo obuntu, eqinisa izisekelo temphakatsi kanye umthetho. ODIHR ehhovisi e Warsaw.

The High Commissioner ku ezincane kaZwelonke (HCNM)

Lokhu isikhulu unesibopho yesixwayiso izingxabano ezihilela izinkinga esizweni esincane kazwelonke. HCNM likaNobhala e-The Hague.

abezindaba inkululeko omele

Kuyinto kunomthelela lesiphathimandla uthi amaqembu nezibopho zabo emkhakheni abezindaba. Isikhundla omele abezindaba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kuhle kwe-emphakathini ovulekileko yeningi, kanye nohulumeni nokuziphendulela zakulelo lizwe. OSCE, kulesi sikhungo yadalwa Ngasekupheleni kuka-1997.

OSCE umsebenzi

Mission umsebenzi njengoba uhlobo 'ensimini' isakhiwo OSCE. ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, zikhona e-Albania OSCE Mission ukuba eBosnia naseHerzegovina, Macedonia, iCroatia, iSerbia Kosovo (eSerbia). EMpumalanga Yurophu Office e Minsk Mission ukuze Moldova Project Co-ordinator e-Ukraine. ENingizimu eCaucasus: Umsebenzi OSCE e Georgia, amahhovisi e Yerevan futhi Baku, ummeleli Usihlalo-Karabakh. Ngo-Asia Ephakathi: mission e Tajikistan, OSCE Semihlangano ekhatsi Almaty, Ashgabat, Bishkek, Tashkent. Lezi zikhungo zingamathuluzi ezibalulekile ezindabeni ukungqubuzana zokuvimbela nokuphathwa Inkinga ensimini. OSCE izingqapheli afeze imisebenzi yabo izindawo eziningi ezishisayo futhi ukungqubuzana esishintshashintshayo.

Forum Economic and Environmental

Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke, aphethwe ukuze bafake umfutho umnotho States Amaphathi. Futhi kwenzeka kwenziwa iziphakamiso ku izinyathelo ezingokoqobo okuhloswe ngayo ukugqugquzela ukusebenzisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.

Forum for Security Co-operation

Lokhu umzimba lucwaningo umsebenzi walo ngokugcwele eVienna. Siqukethe abameleli amathimba we iqhaza States OSCE wahlanganyela ingxoxo izimpikiswano izingalo control, nezingxoxo ezithembisayo zokuqedwa kwezikhali, ukuzethemba-wokwakha izindlela zokuphepha.