Kuyini isiqeshana zokuzivikela ugu?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi le ndoda nemisebenzi yakhe ibhizinisi zibulale imvelo. Futhi umthwalo ke unyaka nonyaka iyakhula. Lokhu kusebenza ngokugcwele amanzi. Nakuba 1/3 ye komhlaba kuhlala amanzi ukugwema ukungcoliswa yayo indawo azitholakalanga. Izwe lethu azihlukile nokuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kunikezwa ukulalelisisa. Kodwa ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokugcwele kuze uphumelela.

esishintshashintshayo Coastal ivikelwe

zone Ukuvikelwa Water okukhulunywe ngazo endaweni ezungeze noma iyiphi imizimba amanzi. Kunemibandela esikhethekile umsebenti wetemnotfo. Kuyinto ngaphakathi zokuzivikela nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini nge umbuso esiqinile yokuvikela, nge izingqinamba eyengeziwe bemvelo.

Inhloso izinyathelo ezinjalo kuba nokuvimbela ukungcola, ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli chibi ligcwele udaka futhi umfula - obmelet. I zasemanzini imvelo - engokwemvelo ukuze izilwanyana eziningi, kuhlanganise ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni, ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Ngakho-ke, zokuvikela ayadingeka.

ukuphepha zone Water futhi ugu unogada band elise phakathi ugu, okuyinto umngcele umzimba ngamanzi. It ibalwa kanje:

• kuze kufike elwandle - ezingeni amanzi, futhi uma sishintsha ke ezingeni igagasi,
• echibini noma ichibi - by nokubuyisa izinga lamanzi,
• ngoba imifula, emiseleni, ukusakaza - ezingeni lamanzi ngesikhathi baze embozwe iqhwa,
• I-amaxhaphozi - besuka esiqalweni yabo emngceleni Peat imali.

Umbuso ekhethekile emngceleni Ukuvikelwa amanzi esishintshashintshayo kulawulwa Art. 65 Ikhodi WaseRussia Water.

design

Ngesisekelo design kukhona amaphepha angokomthetho anikeza kuthiwa evunywe i-Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, futhi uhambisane labo ohulumeni ukuthi banesibopho nokuvikela imvelo.

Amakhasimende design - izidumbu indawo ye-Ministry of Resources Water. Futhi endabeni amadamu waphonsa ukusetshenziswa kwabo - basebentisi bemanti. Kufanele ukusekela ugu Ukuvikelwa strip esimweni esifanele. Njengomthetho, emngceleni kufanele lukhule nezihlahla.

Projects ihlolwe futhi Lokungenzeka Emvelweni, kuhambisana iziphathimandla esiphezulu izifundo RF. izimpawu ezikhethekile abonisa lapho uphela umngcele ugu emapheshana zokuzivikela. Ngaphambi iphrojekthi kuyingxenye "ubuhle", ubukhulu bawo usayizi izingxenye ukuvikelwa amanzi zisetshenziswa kwepulani ka ituthuko yokuhlaliswa kwabantu, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba izinhlelo, namabalazwe. Beka imingcele kanye nemibandela kulezi zindawo kufanele kukhulunywe ngayo sabantu.

Ubukhulu ukuvikela elaseThiyathira

Ngokuvikela ugu strip ububanzi luncike steepness emthambekeni lomfula noma echibini umcengezi futhi:

• 30 m okwesikhathi zero yokuma kwayo indawo,
• 40 m ngoba emthambekeni kuya ku-3 degrees,
• 50 m okwesikhathi emthambekeni degrees 3 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuze emaxhaphozini namachibi ukugeleza umkhawulo 50 m. Ukuze emachibini kanye amadamu, lapho kukhona kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile zezinhlanzi, kuzoba ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amamitha angu-200 ukusuka ogwini. On insimu kwalesi sigodi, lapho kukhona amanzi abakhwabanisi isiphepho, imingcele yayo ezisebusweni uthango ezixukwini. Uma lungekho khona, khona-ke emngceleni kuzodlula ngasogwini.

A ukuvinjelwa izinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi

Kusukela ugu zokuzivikela strip zone has mode Ukuvikelwa ezibophayo kakhulu, kanye nohlu imisebenzi lapha akufanele ibekwe enkulu ngokwanele:

1. Ukusetshenziswa umquba for efaka umquba umhlaba.
2. Ufaka ezolimo kanye ethwala imfucuza, amathuna, izindawo zokungcwaba.
3. Ukusebenzisa kabusha enobuthi imfucuza amanzi.
4. Yokuhlanza kanye nokulungiswa ngemishini kanye nezinye izindlela, nokuhamba kwazo endaweni.
5. Sebenzisa ukubeka izimoto.
6. Ukwakhiwa kanye nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo ngaphandle kwemvume neziphathimandla.
7. Iklabile imfuyo ehlobo yokuhlala.
8. Ukwakhiwa engadini kanye suburban izindawo, ukufakwa kwamakamu etendeni.

Njengoba okuhlukile, watersheds futhi ugu strip zokuzivikela ezisetshenziswa ukubeka Fish ne-Wildlife Service, amanzi, wokubacindezela futhi amanzi eyanele izakhiwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ilayisensi ikhishwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, okuyinto kucacisiwe ukuze ihambisane nezidingo imithetho yokuvikela amanzi umbuso. Labo abenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni kulezi zindawo ukuthi banesibophezelo sezenzo zabo ngaphansi komthetho.

Ukwakhiwa e floodplains

Avikelayo nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini - lena akusiyo indawo ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa kukhona kilomlayo ngokuba Water Ukuvikelwa Zone. yemizi futhi "akhulise" osebeni, futhi inchubekelembili yejeyomethri. Kodwa kanjani ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zomthetho developers? Futhi umthetho uthi "ukubekwa kanye ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma ezindaweni suburban nge ububanzi bendawo Ukuvikelwa amanzi engaphansi kuka 100 m, kanye steepness ka emithambekeni mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 3 degrees akuvunyelwe nakancane."

Kuyacaca ukuthi umqambi kufanele kuqala kwi-kungenzeka ukwakhiwa kanye nokubekwa imingcele oluvikelayo esogwini emnyangweni indawo yokuphathwa kwamanzi. Impendulo ka-ejensi liyadingeka ukuthola imvume yokwakha.

Indlela yokugwema ukungcoliswa indle?

Uma isakhiwo kakade wakha hhayi anemisila izinhlelo esikhethekile gqwa angcolile, kwamukelekile ukusebenzisa abamukelayo, ezenziwe ngezinto amanzi. Abavumeli ukungcola.

Izakhiwo ukuthi ukusekela Ukuvikelwa emithonjeni yamanzi ahlanzekile yilezi:

• Indle kanye netinsita isiphepho iziteshi amanzi umdlalo.
• Ukwakha, okuyinto okuhlanganisiwe emanzini enobuthi (anokungcola kuziteshi wahlomisa ngokukhethekile). Kungaba imvula meltwater.
• Endaweni (sendawo) ukwelashwa luhlobo esakhiwe ngokuhambisana namazinga Ikhodi Water.

Designated kamasipala udoti kanye zokukhiqiza i anokungcola e bona abamukelayo zakhiwe ngezinto ezikhethekile kanzima. Uma ikhaya yokuhlala nanoma isiphi esinye isakhiwo ngeke unikelwe kwalezi zakhiwo, uzozisola esivikelo nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini. Kulokhu, umuntu yangasese noma inkampani bazohlawuliswa.

Izijeziso ngenxa yokwephula Ukuvikelwa amanzi umbuso

Izinhlawulo umsebenzi engafanele iziqiwi:

• abantu - 3 kuya 4.5 kb; p..
• izikhulu - 8 kuya 12 ayizinkulungwane p;..
• yezinhlangano - 200 kuya ku-400 eziyinkulungwane b ..

Uma ukwephula zitholakala yangasese ukuthuthukiswa nomkhakha wezezindlu isijeziso ikhishwa isakhamuzi, kanye nezindleko zawo + ziyoba yinto encane. Endabeni ka ukuhlukumeza, kumele sisuswe ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, isakhiwo kudilizwe kuhlanganise amandla.

Lapho thuthuva endaweni Ukuvikelwa lapho imithombo ukuphuza, isinqumo esihle lihlukile:

• izakhamuzi uzokwenza ayizinkulungwane 3-5 k..;
• Izikhulu - 10-15 izinkulungwane; p..
• amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano - ayizinkulungwane 300-500 p ..

Ubukhulu bale nkinga

Coastal strip zokuzivikela lezinto amanzi kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphakathi komthetho.

Ngemva eyodwa echibini noma ichibi angcolile angabangela inkinga endaweni sina noma isifunda, kusukela konke emvelweni kuhlobene. I emikhulu ichibi, lo nzima ecosystem yayo. Uma ibhalansi yemvelo kuyaphazamiseka, isivele kungenakwenzeka ukuvuselela. Uqala i ukushabalala eziphilayo, futhi ukushintsha into niwayise kudaleke umonakalo. Ukuphulwa okubucayi isivikelo zemizimba amanzi kungagwenywa nge efanele, kuhambisana nomthetho, nge qikelela ukuthi imvelo.

Futhi uma sikhuluma ubukhulu bale nkinga, akuyona umbuzo wonke lwesintu, futhi ubuhlobo kunengqondo ubunjalo ngamunye. Uma umuntu ngokuqonda kuyosebenza Leyo ngcebo, okuyinto wasekubeka iplanethi enguMhlaba, nezizukulwane ezizayo uzokwazi ukubona, umfula ahlanzekile ecacile. Palm Ketha amanzi ... bese uyazama acime ukoma kwawo ngamanzi, okungakwazi bedakiwe.