Kuyini i siqonde Psychology: ukuqonda, ugqozi, a ukusola okungazelelwe

Ngo izichazamazwi ngokwengqondo umqondo yokuqondisisa sitolikwa njengoba kusenjalo, hhayi derivable kokuhlangenwe nakho ukuqonda isimo eziyinkinga iyonke, ngenxa okuyinto kukhona isixazululo yenkinga asephule indoda.

"Yebo-ukuphendula" e-chimpanzee

Kodwa okokuqala leli gama laqanjwa Gestalt sokusebenza kwengqondo V.Kelerom ngo-1925 cwaningo intelligence of nezinkawu omkhulu, oziphatha alingeni umqondo behaviourist ka "amaphutha". Insight wabiza ukucabanga omusha, ukuqonda okungazelelwe ku inkinga eyethulwe experimenter.

Koehler ahlinzekwa yakhe imisebenzi yenkawu Bait dostavaniya ngendlela engajwayelekile kubo: kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa Ukuqagela kule induku kungaba ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ngaphandle yasendle Ngenxa sesilwane.

Kunokuba ukuzigqaja, okwenza imizamo akuphumelelanga, inkawu kungaba isikhathi eside yini ukwenza lutho, kodwa nje ubuka yonke into. Esikhathini esithile, ke yawa kungalindelekile ikhambi esifanele, okuyinto ngokushesha awenziwanga.

Lokhu "Nakho-ukuphendula" kusho umcwaningi esichazwa ngokuthi isenzo bokusungula "ukuhlelwa kabusha" yensimu bezibona umsebenzi uma into kokungathathi hlangothi (induku) ayimkhangi njengendlela yokufinyelela umgomo othile ( "ukunwebeka" izandla).

Kuyini ukuqonda?

Ngemva kwalokho, le nkulumo iye yasetshenziswa ngodokotela ndlela ezahlukene lapho bezama ukuchaza lo mkhuba ukuqwashisa, ukuqonda, ukuqonda okungazelelwe. Ikakhulukazi - lapho sitadisha art.

Wallace ngamnyama e inqubo inkinga creative ukuxazulula izigaba ezine:

1. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela.

2. bayashintshana ekufukameleni.

3. ukuqonda okungazelelwe.

4. isiqinisekiso Olungokoqobo.

Leli cebo akuyona uphikise, kodwa bonke bayavumelana ukuthi kunalokho achazayo futhi awukwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ukuqonda ngempela.

Nobunzima udaba itholakala lokuthi esakha isixazululo is ezingeni ngaquleka, okwamanje ngaphandle ukuwela focus ukwazi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abalazi esigabeni sesibili imisebenzi ngokuvamile baqashwe hhayi kuhlobane ngokuqondile inkinga kubani. Yingakho kukhona umphumela ukumangala lapho isixazululo bese kuvela in ukwazi njengomuntu ray yokukhanya ku isizinda grey ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Ngempela, umlando isayensi uyazi ukuthi okutholakele asemqoka ososayensi okukhulu kusukela Archimedes (ngokukhamuluka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka yakhe edumile ethi "Eureka!") Ukuze Poincaré wezibalo nabanye abaningi, e nasezimweni ezingalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho egxilile okugeza ngaphansi kwesihlahla sama apula engadini noma ibhodi egijima ezihambayo ibhasi.

Umbandela weqiniso - ubuhle

Esikhathini Umlando ka Anri Puankare ngokusobala ukuthi lokhu siqonde inqubo creative. Lapho usosayensi akuyona umatasa nokuvuka zibona on esasiyobhekana nazo (isigaba sesibili), e equlekile uyaqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe olunzulu, imiphumela ezincike ku sihileleke ngezinga elingakanani yayo ikhambi inkinga esigabeni sokuqala.

Lapho ukuqonda iphutha, kubalulekile ukuletha ngaphansi kwaso base ubufakazi, kuhlanganise yikuphi ukuhlakanipha izibalo ezithile. Into esemqoka kule ngxenye 3rd - hlola inspirations kwabo ngokungazelelwe. Yize uqiniseka ngokugcwele ngokunemba izibikezelo zabo, usosayensi kufanele uzitholele yena nabanye.

Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu lapha ukuthi ukunyakaza ukuze isinqumo esifanele kuhambisana nemizwa enamandla, okuyinto waqondisa kanye nososayensi, gxila ngokugcwele umsebenzi owenziwayo. Emotion, sibonise kobuthongo ukujula, umdali siqondiswe ikhambi lesifanele. Poincaré uthi sihlangabezane ecstasy real at nokucabanga ubuhle ezakhiwe yeeMbalo okungeyabo.

Ngamanye amazwi, umuzwa muhle futhi ube nobunye uhlobo ukuhlunga ayihambisi imibono enganembile. Futhi uma engekho, lowo muntu ngeke ukuxazulula izinkinga zezibalo. Yileyo ukuqonda - kuyinto le Psychology lokusungula umqondo esihlobene izinhlobo ubuhle.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo indlela efanayo ziye zachaza Kohler, owayefundelwa zokudala izixazululo chimpanzee. "Gestalt" futhi elihunyushwa ngokuthi okuhle, enhle, gcwalisa ifomu enkompolo zezikhonzi emkhakheni okuqonda. Ukukhetha "esesimweni esihle" njengoNkulunkulu weqiniso kuphela, imisebenzi inkawu futhi uthole umvuzo.

Intuition kanye logic?

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yethu compatriot JA Ponomarev ithatha umbono wokuthi umqondo womuntu - ngaso sonke isikhathi ratio umuzwa kanye logic. Ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zokuphila ubuswa into eyodwa ngezindawo. search enembile waqala kakhulu ekwakhiweni inkinga, ukuvela isidingo ukuze siyixazulule. Inqubo eziyisisekelo kungaphezu embundwini ukwazi, futhi kuphela uma isinqumo sesivuthiwe, bese kuvela in focus yakhe. Yilokho ukuqonda kule ndaba.

On osekelwe kuyo Isizathu for isinqumo, uma kukhona isidingo ezahlukene - ukwabelana ukutholakala kwakhe nabanye, ukuthola i-algorithm jikelele ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo esikhathini esizayo.

Lapho umuntu ubhekene nomsebenzi omusha, kaningi awunazo logic of ulwazi, bese kwenziwa isinqumo olubi phansi, equlekile, ezingeni enembile. Kulesi, yokuzamazama kuze emkhakheni, isipiliyoni kubonakala angenamkhawulo. Futhi labo bazi kangakanani ukungena naye, abakwazi ukubheka isimo inkinga ngesandla sokunene. Ulwazi kuza ngesikhathi lapho ingqondo athikanyezwe okuthile, noma ngephupho.

Emva kokuthola impendulo olunezimiso, kudingeka uzame yokuthola ubufakazi obuqinisekisa ke. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kungaba i solution enembile uzoba nelungelo khona.

Musa ukubuza inkume njengoba rearranges ngezinyawo!

Uma Ponomarev inhlolo-vo: enikela test ukuxazulula inkinga, okuyinto eyayidingeka ukuze uthole algorithm wafaka nemishayo ku iphaneli ekhethekile. Uma they ababeqeqeshwe enze lo msebenzi, bacelwa ukuba uthole indlela yabo Maze, ukuma okuyinto nsé ukucushwa kwe splines phezu iphaneli inkinga odlule.

Kwatholakala ukuthi pre-ukwelashwa enamabha kakhulu ukunciphisa inani amaphutha kule nkathi yokukhula. Kodwa uma experimenter ecelwa ukuba achaze ukuthi kungani lokhu noma lokhuya yafezwa Maze lezinketho, isibalo amaphutha anda ngokushesha.

It kuvela ukuthi umsebenzi imodi okunomqondo ukuqaphela kuvimbela ukuxhumana nakho enembile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izenzo ngokuvumelana umuzwa ngakususi kokulawula kwazo bayazi.

"Manje ngizizwa ngikhululekile - lena yinto lapho"

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi umuzwa womuntu yomsebenzi ngemilingo kwezilwane - ngokuhlobene nge ukwazi. Animal isazela, ngokusho isayensi yesimanje, lokhu engakwazi ukuzenza.

Ezingena ezingeni enembile, ukucabanga entsha umuntu uyakwazi ukusheshisa emashumini ezinkulungwane izikhathi, futhi amandla kakhulu. Kungase ngisho uzizwe kuqubule amabutho amasha, isixazululo enembile kuhambisana lift ngokomzwelo futhi umuzwa "ukuphila kwangempela." abantu Creative ukuyibiza ugqozi.

Ukuqonda ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

Ungacabangi ukuthi ugqozi, ukuqonda, - kuba akubona ososayensi noma abaculi. ukuphila komuntu Ordinary ligcwele imininingwane, imininingwane kanye neminye izixazululo ezingalindelekile. Sinazo zonke isikhathi ukuxazulula imisebenzi emisha elalinge ngokushesha amenable zihlasele ngamabomu.

Insight - a Psychology ukukhanyiselwa zone baphi izimpendulo zemibuzo main. Sithola emva kwemizamo eminingi ehlulekile, kakade uphelelwa yithemba, futhi izandla zakhe, ekugcineni ekuvumeni futhi ayeke isixazululo. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi futhi iza ukukhanyiselwa.

Badinga kuphela ukuyeka futhi sibheke isimo ngendlela ehlukile, ukuzama ukuyihlanganisa yonke yaphelela.

ikhono lokubikezela

Umthamo ukuqonda ingasetshenziswa lapho bekhuluma Psychology ukuqonda uma kuziwa izici zobuntu. Ngokuvamile, umbono - ikhono ukuqagela ukuthi yini umuntu ongamazi ukuthi ushukunyiswa izifiso nezisusa lwalokho esingakulindela ezivela kuye. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lokhu isibikezelo isimo.

Sophisticate nzima ukuze akhohlise noma "esikhundleni". Abantu abanjalo bona abanakho ukuthambekela amaphutha, futhi iyaphumelela ensimini abazikhethele womsebenzi. Yingakho kukhona okuningi abaholi abangakwazi ukuthonya abanye, ukuze abuthele ababemzungezile iqembu abangane amaqembu zokudala.

Kodwa ukuqonda - liphinde ikhono lokwenza kokuma olunembile, ukuqaphela ezizungezile kubalulekile kakhulu, lokho boni, kodwa isihluthulelo isimo. Ngalo mqondo, umuntu angawuhlakulela ukuqeqesha njalo amandla akho observation. Ngenxa yale njongo, izindlela ezikhethekile kwengqondo, olutholakalayo uma uthanda.

Ezahlukene iziqondiso kwengqondo , ukuqonda eside ogama value sitolikwa okukhanyisa, indlela enembile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinzima ezibanzi umqondo ukuqaphela noma ukuqonda. Ngo ukukhangisa Psychology, kukhona ngisho nombono wokuthi "umthengi ukuqonda". Mhlawumbe ukuthandwa lokhu umqondo kuyoba nesandla nokuqonda langempela ukuqonda isimo sabantu bazo futhi wenze ukuphila kwethu kangcono.