Kuyini i-computer?

Ikhompyutha - ke amakhompyutha ngogesi, ukwakha uhlelo olulodwa ngalokulingene.

Umlando omfishane

Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngalokho ikhompyutha, futhi, ebhekisela le nkinga, akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma futhi ngomlando yale mishini ngcono ukuphila kwethu.

Njengoba aziwa kakade, umuntu njalo sifuna lula ukuphila kwabo, futhi ngenxa yalokho wadala yekhompuyutha, ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha enze izenzo ezidingekayo. Eyokuqala kukhompyutha, noma okunye okunjalo, okuthiwa i-abacus - ovamile nokubala ebhodini. It ivumela izibalo ezilula, futhi wahlela esicacile.

Isikimu lokuqala amadivayisi ikhompyutha umshini lakhiwe wanikela owaziwa usosayensi-sezibalo okuthiwa Dzhon Fon Neyman ngo-1946. Naphezu intuthuko enenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuvela ezingasho imiklamo emisha, izimiso eziningi i-computer yokuqala esetshenziswa nemishini yesimanje.

Von Neumann akusebenzanga wedwa, kodwa labo osebenza nabo. Ngosizo lwabo, kuyoba ukucacisa isakhiwo ikusasa lo mshini. Ngokusho kwakhe, wayefanele abe idivayisi ezingaphezu kweyodwa, kanye zangaphandle, ngaphandle okuyinto, futhi, ayikwazi akhishwa. Le idivayisi okuyinto wenza imisebenzi ngekulandzelana izibalo noma Alu (izibalo logic unit) ukulawula noma uu. Kwadingeka futhi kanti ezinye inkumbulo esitolo izinhlelo kanye nedatha. kumadivayisi angaphandle enze umsebenzi input bese okukhipha ulwazi ahlukahlukene.

Dzhon Fon Neyman wasikisela ukuthi inkumbulo kumele ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi wonke amaseli ayo kungaba etholakalayo namanye amadivayisi Computing ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo.

Ngaphezu isakhiwo wezibalo uhlonzwe izimiso eziyisisekelo amakhompyutha buze kuqala, wayengakhethi kanje. Umyalo kufanele wenziwe yi-processor ngokulandelana, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isimiso lokulawula isofthiwe. Zonke izinhlelo, kanye idatha ukuthi ilondolozwe kwelinye inkumbulo, okuyinto yena, yakhiwa amaseli. Ngamunye wabo inenombolo ayo, kanye processor iyatholakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Lezi zimiso kuyagcinwa, futhi amakhompyutha abathile banamuhla, okubhekiselwe kuyo ngokuthi "isizinda-neymanskimi". Ngakho, Neumann phakathi kwekhulu XX, kungashiwo, wanikeza incazelo yalokho iyikhompyutha.

amakhompyutha zanamuhla

Inkinga PC lanamuhla ukunikeza ngesivinini idatha ukuthola, ukucubungula, okuxhunyanwa nokwamukela idatha. Kufanele kube esilungele kwabasebenzi kanye nokuphathwa kwe-amayunithi ukukhiqizwa. Esikhathini sethu, esikhathini yentuthuko ephezulu ijubane ubuchwepheshe, ukuvela kohlobo olusha ubuchwepheshe, i-PC, uma kungewona wonke, khona-ke wonke umuntu wesibili. Ngokuvamile kuba ikhompyutha siqu ukuthi ixhunywe kunethiwekhi ulwazi, ngaleyondlela eba ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu.

I computer manje - main Imininingwane ithuluzi futhi ehhovisi kanye ekhaya. Cishe wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngolwazi nalo, ngabe kungcono array kokujwayelekile wombhalo noma ayibukele ifilimu kuyajabulisa.

amakhompyutha eziphambili kakhulu wanamuhla asetshenziswa akhombe izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwemvelo nezinto eziphilayo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingase ayinawo ngokucacile wakha i-algorithm yezenzo ebizwe intelligence yokufakelwa. Kulomkhakha, computer nje ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa yabo, ukuze computer kuyinto ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinjalo, ngenkathi akunakwenzeka ukusho.

Amacomputer anamuhla esiyingqayizivele kuze kube sesizukulwaneni sesine lwamakhompyutha, kodwa ezinye nibhekane banayo owesihlanu. Kusuke kufanele kube njalo, uma kubhekwa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha isofthiwe. Ngakho-ke, lo mbuzo ingucha, impendulo eyodwa eqondile.

Ngakho, ama-computer - uyinto ngaphandle okuyinto namuhla umuntu akakwazi ukwenza empilweni yesimanje. Iqiniso lokuthi lwekhompyutha olufana nokuthi ukuthuthukisa indaba, ezibhaliwe zingaphezu kokwaneleyo.