I-logic unit ye-arithmetic (ALU) - kuyini?

Njengoba uyazi, iprosesa yekhompiyutha inezingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo: i-logic unit unit, i-module ye-O / O, kanye nezinyathelo zememori nokuphatha. Lezi zakhiwo zachazwa ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule futhi, naphezu kokuthi isikhathi esiningi sidlulile, isakhiwo se-classic sika- von Neumann sisahlala sisebenzisekile.

Kuyini i-ALU?

Idivaysi ye-logic ye-Arithmeti ingenye yezingxenye zeprosesa, okudingekayo ukwenza ukuguqulwa kohlobo lwama-arithmetic, ukuqala okuyisisekelo nokuphela ngezinkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ubukhulu obuncane bama-operands asetshenziselwa ngokuvamile bubhekwa ubude begama, noma ubukhulu.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-ALU ukucubungula idatha egcinwe kwi-RAM yekhompuyutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi ye-logic ye-arithmetic iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izignali zokulawula eziqondisa ikhompyutha ekukhethweni kwendlela efanele yokwenza inqubo yokucubungula edingekayo kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo zokugcina zedatha. Yonke imisebenzi ihlanganisa izikhampasi ze-elektroniki, ngayinye yazo ehlelwe ngokuhlukaniswa yaba yizinkulungwane zezinto. Amabhodi anjalo avame ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ahlonishwa kakhulu.

Kuye ngezibonakaliso ezifakwayo, i- ALU yenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza ngezinombolo ezimbili. Noma iyiphi idivayisi ye- logic yekhompyutha inikeza ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo, ukushintsha, nokuguqulwa okunengqondo. Isethi yokusebenza ye-ALU yisici sayo esiyinhloko.

Izingxenye ze-logic unit unit kukhona amaqembu amane amakhulu ama-node ahambisana nezinqubo zokulawula, ukudlulisa, ukugcina nokuguqula idatha engenayo.

U-ALU Isitoreji Sokugcina

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa:

• Izimbangela ezigcina izinkomba ezisizayo nezibonakaliso ezahlukene zemiphumela;
• Ama-Registry aphethe ubuqotho be-opharetha, imiphumela ephakathi nendawo yokugcina.

Ngezinye izikhathi izirejista zedivaysi ye-logic ye-arithmetic zingahlanganiswa zibe yi-memory block ekhethekile, futhi izimbangela zingenza irejista yombuso oyedwa.

Amanethiwekhi wokudlulisa ALU

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa:

• Amabhasi axhumanisa amabhulokhi wedivayisi phakathi kwawo;
• Ama-multiplexers nama-valve anomthwalo wokukhetha isiqondiso esifanele sokusebenza.

Amanothi wokuguqula ALU

Lokhu kufaka:

• Iziqu ezenza imisebenzi encane;
• Amacebo okukhipha izakhi;
• Izinhlamvu;
• Abaqondisi be-arithmetic yamadesimali;
• I-Converters Code isetshenziselwa ukuthola idatha engenayo noma eyengeziwe;
• Izibalo zokubala inani lemijikelezo egcwalisiwe nokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa okusizayo.

Izaziso zokulawula ALU

Lesi sigaba sezinto sihlanganisa:

• I-unit control;
• I-decoder yesignali;
• Amacebo okuguqulwa kwe-logic adingekayo ukuze akhe amagatsha okuqhuba i-firmware.

Isenzo seyunithi yokulawula iprosesa

Le block inesibopho sokudala ukulandelana kwezibonakaliso zokusebenza ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ngokufanele umyalo ocacisiwe. Njengomthetho, ukuguqulwa okunjalo kutholakala imijikelezo eminingana.

Idivayisi yokulawula inikeza ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kohlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubandakanyeka amagatsha afanelekile ahlangene nezinye izingxenye zomshini.

Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-microprogramming, esinesibalo esicacile sezimpawu, sinesibopho sokusebenza kwedivayisi yokulawula.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ALU

Amadivaysi e-arithmetic logic ngendlela yokusebenza eguquguqukayo ihlukaniswe yaba yi-parallel and sequential. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zi-ALU ukhona endleleni opharetha abamele ngayo kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa.

Ngokwemvelo yokusebenzisa amadivaysi e-logic we-arithmetic ahlukaniswe abe multifunctional futhi avimbele. Ku-ALU yohlobo lokuqala, amasu afanayo asetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokumelela izinombolo, ezivumelanisa nemodi eceliwe yokusebenza nedatha. Kudivayisi yama-block, yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngokusabalalisa ngezinhlobo zedatha. Ukusebenza ngezinombolo zamadesimali, izinombolo zezinombolo nezinombolo ze-alfabhethi, amadijithi anephuzu elintantayo noma elihleliwe, amasu ahlukene asetshenziswa. Kulokhu, idivayisi ye-logic ye-arithmeti isebenza ngokushesha kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza okufanayo kwemisebenzi enikeziwe. Kodwa futhi banesidingo - izindleko ezengeziwe zokusekela imishini.

Idivayisi ye-logic ye-arithmeti ingasetshenziselwa:

• Izinombolo ezidumile;
• Izinombolo zezintambo ezishisayo;
• Inomboro enephuzu elihleliwe.

Ukusebenza kwedivayisi

Isakhiwo se-ALU sikhombisa ukukwenziwa kwezenzo ngemisebenzi enengqondo, ehlukaniswe ngamaqembu anjalo:

• I-arithmetic yesimiso;
• I-arithmetic kanambambili yezinombolo enephuzu elicacile;
• I-arithmetic ye-Hexadecimal yezinkulumo ezine-delimiter ezintantayo;
• Ukuguqulwa kwamakheli omyalo;
• Ukusebenza kohlobo lomdwebo;
• Ukuguqulwa kwamasimu e-alphanumeric;
• I-arithmetic ekhethekile.

Amakhompiyutha e-elekthronikhi yanamuhla akwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi ezibalulwe ngenhla, futhi ama-microcomputers ayinalo ukusebenza okuyisisekelo, ngakho-ke izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zenziwa ngokuxhumeka kwezintambo ezincane.

Ukusebenza kwe-Arithmetic nezinqubo ezinengqondo

Zonke izenzo ze-ALU zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokomzimba zibe ngamaqembu amaningana.

Ukusebenza kwe-Arithmetic kufaka ukuhlukaniswa, ukubuyabuyelela, ukususa kwamamojula, ukususa okuvamile nokungeziwe.

Okuqondakalayo "futhi" futhi "noma", okungukuthi, ukuhlanganiswa kanye ne-disjunction, kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwedatha yokulingana, kubalwa njengokuguqulwa okunengqondo. Izinqubo ezinjalo, njengombuso, zenziwa ngamazwi angabonakali ahlanganisa amadijithi amaningi.

Imisebenzi ekhethekile ye-arithmetic ihlanganisa ukusimamisa, ukushintsha okunengqondo nokuqondisa izibalo. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinguquko. Uma ukuguqulwa kwe-arithmetic endaweni kuyashintshwa kuphela ngamadijithali wedijithali, khona-ke ngesibonakaliso esinengqondo idijithali inamathele ku-motion.

Umsebenzi ngamunye owenziwa ngokusebenzisa idivaysi ye-logic ye-arithmeti ingabizwa ngokulandelana kwemisebenzi yohlobo olunengqondo, oluchazwa yilogi ye-multi-bit yama-computer e-computer. Isibonelo, amakhomphyutha anganambambili asebenzise logic kanambambili njalonjalo, kuze kufike esimisweni sesimingcele.

Ngokuqinisekile konke ukuguqulwa kwe-arithmetic-logical kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zabo siqu, futhi imiphumela yokukhishwa iphathwa njengezintambo ezincane ezinamadijithi ayishumi nesithupha. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa yizimboni zokuhlukaniswa kwe-DIVS. Amaflegi ahlukahlukene akuvumela ukuba uphathe idatha ekukhipheni njengezinombolo ezine-minus noma plus sign forflowflow. I-logic yokuguqulwa kwe-bit isakhiwe kwi-modulo yezibalo. Ifulege ifakwa uma izinguquko ezingalindelekile zenzeka ngesibonakaliso. Isibonelo, ngokungeza izinombolo ezimbili ezinhle, kufanele uthole umphumela ngesibonakaliso "+". Kodwa uma ukukhishwa kwenzeka enqenqenqenqenqenqemeni ebeka i unit, futhi umphumela awubi, khona-ke ifulegi lokuchichima isethiwe.

I-logic ye-bit yokudlulisa isekelwe kwisitatimende esingabhalisiwe. Leli flegi isethwe uhlelo uma ukudluliswa okwenziwe kusuka ebangeni eliphakeme akukwazi ukubhalwa njengomphumela. Le nkinga ye-ALU iphumelela kakhulu uma usebenzisa ukuguqulwa ngezimpawu eziningi zamagama.

Isiphetho

Idivayisi ye-logic ye-Arithmetic isetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa okunengqondo nokuqondiswa kwamathenda phezu kwama-ophareji adingekayo, lapho izindima eziyala khona noma amakhodi ezinombolo zivame ukuvela. Ngemuva kokuthi isenzo sigcwaliswe, umphumela ubuyiselwa kwimemori ukuze usebenzise ezibalweni ezilandelayo.