Kuyini i-aria? Ukuthuthukiswa nezici zikazwelonke

Iqedwe ngenombolo yokwakha yomsebenzi omkhulu wamazwi, ngokuvamile owenziwa ngumculi oholayo ohambisana ne-orchestra, yilokho i-aria. Lo msebenzi unomculo wezingoma, ikakhulukazi wengoma. Esikebheni somzwelo, i-aria ikhiqiza isigaba esithile sesenzo. Isakhiwo saso siningi.

I-aria yesiFulentshi

Ezikhathini zesikhathi esidlule, leli gama selisetshenziswa kakade eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wafika eFrance. Ekuqaleni, ingoma ejwayelekile yesi-stanzaic yayibizwa ngokuthi i-aria, futhi kusukela ezingxenyeni eziyi-17 zezingoma zomculo zomculo noma umlingisi womdanso waziwa ngokuthi unjalo.

Ukuqhakaza kwalolu hlobo kwakungukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-vocal solo, kanye nemisebenzi yezwi ehambisana nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Abakhiqizi abaningi balesi sikhathi basebenzisa lolu hlobo njengomthombo wokuphefumulelwa. I-Aria ayiyona nje ukudlala okuzimele, kodwa futhi iyinxenye yemisebenzi emikhulu njenge-ballet noma i-orchestral suite.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kokusungulwa kwe-opera, izici zesici se-aria zaseFrance zazicula futhi isakhiwo esilula.

Aria yase-Italy

ENtshonalanga Yurophu, ukuziphendukela kwe-aria kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa komculo we-opera nekamelo lomculo. Lapha kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: i-arias eyodwa eyodwa noma isebenza ngezinhlangothi ezimbalwa eziphambene.

Isigaba esilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo lohlobo lwama-opera ase-Italy. Lapha, umbuzo wokuthi yi-aria, ungaphendula: lokhu kuyisiqalo se-opera, isikhungo sayo. I-Arias ihluke kuye ngokuthi uhlamvu luni. Izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ziyi-protagonists futhi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa, i-coloratura, ukuphindaphinda nokuphindaphinda. Futhi abalingiswa bokuqala bavame ukwenza i-opera elula yomculo nomlingisi womdanso.

I-aria ithatha uhlamvu oluhlukile ngokuthuthukiswa esikoleni se-opera-seria se-Neapolitan. Lapha i-aria ilawulwa ukubonakaliswa kokuhleleka kwezwi, futhi okuqukethwe okudumile komculo we-opera kungokwesibili kuphela. Ukuhlela okunjalo kuholela enkingeni kule hlobo lokusebenza.

Ukuguqulwa kweGluck

Omunye wemigqa ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-aria inguquko ye-opera, eyi-K. V. Gluck. Iyini i-aria, singasho kanjalo lapha - lokhu kuyisici esixhunywe ngokuvumelana nesenzo somculo se-opera. Ihambisa yonke ingcebo yezimo ezingokomzwelo ezivela ezimweni ezahlukene. I-Aria ihlotshiswe ngefomu nezinhlobo ezintsha, ezimelela ngokucacile ama-classic aseVienna.

Okuvelele kakhulu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisithupha kwakungumsebenzi womculi wezinsimbi zomculo wezinsimbi zomculo uG. Puccini. U-Aria emsebenzini wakhe udlulela ekuthuthukisweni okusha.

I-Aria yaseRussia

Ukwakhiwa kwezimpawu zesici saseRussia kuvela ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni i-opic yama-comic yansuku zonke. Ngokuyinhloko, lisetshenziselwa abantu, izingoma zasemadolobheni nasezikhungweni, amathandabuzo wansuku zonke. Bathonya isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwo esingezansi zalolu hlobo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umuntu angabona ithonya lamasiko we-opera yase-West Europe.

I-opera yeGlinka yaba yinto ephumelelayo ye-aria. Emisebenzini yakhe, kanye nomsebenzi wabanye abaqambi, ihlala endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu. I-generalization ye-vocal kanye ne-generalization melodic kubaluleke kakhulu lapha, esekelwe ekucebeni okungenasisekelo kwezingoma zomculo. Iyini i-aria emisebenzini ye-Glinka? Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ingoma ebanzi kanye nepulasitiki ekhethekile yomculo.

Esikhathini sangaphambi kokuguqula isimo, ngokufana nabameleli be-classical yalolu hlobo, kwavela izinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-aria nezinhlobo ezithile ezivela emisebenzini yabaqambi besikhathi. Kodwa kanye nabo, incazelo ye-Aria yasekuqaleni yaseRussia itholakala, futhi isici sezinhlobo zasemakhaya.