Kuyini brand? Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso okushiwo kokujwayelekile amagama

Cishe kuwo wonke amazwi asetshenziswa silulumagama kwansuku, kukhona ezinye netindlela tekuphila letisetjentiswa kusetshenzisiwe kuye ngomongo. Ezinye zazo yilezi ezivamile nje, kanti abanye ngokuqinile encyclopedic, noma isikhathi futhi bekhohlakele abantu abaningi.

Mayelana nencazelo eyisisekelo yegama elithi

Wokuqonda lokho sha, kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi cabangela isimo esaba khona lapho ukusho. Okwamanje, leli gama lihlotshaniswa ukubaluleka izinto. Ikakhulukazi, Ushakov Dictionary sichaza it kanje:

1. uphawu leposi eqinisekisa ukukhokhwa kwemali ngenxa yokudlulisela izinhlamvu noma amaphasela at ibanga elithile.
2. uphawu lokuhweba noma isitembu umkhiqizo ukuthi yakhelwe ukuqashelwa okusheshayo amakhasimende kanye nemikhiqizo ngokwezifiso.
3. Igama iyunithi yemali, futhi lunge ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ensimini ka eJalimane, e-Estonia futhi Finland. NgeNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu, okubizwa ngokuthi igolide esindayo zemali nesisindo 8 namagremu.

Kunoma iluphi ulimi, ungathola omunye incazelo yegama elithi "brand" ukuthi ngekhulu xxi. ukhohliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abahloli XVIII-XIX eminyaka. ngakho ngokuthi ibanga isigxobo noma omunye sokuhle sokubalwa ndawo.

Imvelaphi izici izitembu zokuposa

Ngokuvamile, ukuthi liyini sha, isho uphawu senzelwe ekukhokheni izimali ngokuthumela izincwadi. Wabonakala eBrithani ngekhulu XIX., Uma izwe banquma unomphela onamabala ukudideka nge service leposi. Umqondo kungokwalabo uMnu Rowland Hill, ngubani ngo-1847 wanxusa kuhulumeni isiphakamiso ukubamba izinguquko leposi nekwetfula tariff olulodwa izimpahla ezweni lonkana. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, okungukuthi 10 Januwari 1840, iPhalamende yokutholwa umthetho ohambelana, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva e-UK baqale ukuhamba lokuqala isitembu emhlabeni - ephepheni omnyama nge-portrait zeNdlovukazi uVictoria, wathola eyaziwa ngokuthi "ngisho nesenti elimnyama".

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 nje, cishe kuwo wonke amazwe kuyodingeka siqu zokuposa izimpawu zayo, futhi ngo-1878, uMbusi Wendawo leposi Union yasungulwa. Sangena ezweni lakhe ivumelene ngetingucuko tariff ezivamile futhi ukulethwa imeyili. Ngakho, ngenxa obuncane iphepha ibanga phakathi abantu ziyancipha kakhulu.

Izitembu - ingxenye isiko yezwe ngalinye. Lakhicitwe izinsuku ekhumbulekayo noma izenzakalo ezithile eziqavile, ngosizo lwabo "ukukhuthaza" izindawo ezihehayo, khuluma ngezinto isiko wendabuko futhi sihlonipha abantu ezivelele - ososayensi, amaqhawe empi, abadlali. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. ngisho "limi kothando" ekhethekile sidalwe lapho indawo uphawu imvilophi kungaba ukuqashelwa noma izilokotho ezinhle.

Ngekhulu xxi. abantu ukuxhumana kaningi ocingweni noma ku-intanethi. Nokho, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni Namanje ukuthumela izincwadi, futhi inani philatelists (isitembu abaqoqi engavamile) liyakhuphuka.

Ikakhulukazi zokuhweba kanye brand

Aphatha nsuku zonke ngokuvamile izwi "ukuhweba (imakethe) brand." Kuchazwa kule umuzwa umsindo njengoba ngabanye Inkulumo okubonakalayo nomkhiqizi yimuphi umkhiqizo. Umqondo ubanzi kakhulu futhi zingase zihlanganise imibala ezinkampani, amalogo, inkampani isitayela, izimpawu zokuhweba , nokunye. Ibhekwa lahlotshaniswa nokuba sha. Nokho, lona wamuva akusho selisho noma iyiphi uphawu, kodwa kuphela okufunekayo ethandwa phakathi abathengi. Ngokwesibonelo, izicathulo "Gucci" - kuba le-brand, izicathulo elaziwayo elincane "Krapivinskii Kalinka" - uphawu lokuhweba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama ingasetshenziswa elichaza ethile umkhiqizo - iwayini, ushizi, ushokoledi nokunye. Njengomthetho, isetshenziswa ukugcizelela izinga ekhethekile kanye wedwa.

Ukuchaza ukuthi kusho ukumaka izimpahla, kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezifana ukuqokwa bhalisiwe kuphela angabhekwa. Okungukuthi, isethi izimpawu nanoma yiziphi izimpahla kufanele ikhishwe imvume ekhethekile - patent. Le mfuneko kuvamile ukuba wonke amazwe.

zezimali

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, owazisa brand, abantu kwakusho zezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ikakhulukazi, eJalimane, ngeNkathi Ephakathi wawuyingxenye njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma, isikhathi eside ehamba uhlamvu ezinkulu zegolide - sha. Ngo-1870, ngesikhathi uguquko kwezezimali, ke Yethulwa ngokobana lwemali olulodwa. Ekhulwini XX. brand ikhiqizwa ifomu banknotes kanye zemali. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, izwe waba yizinqamu 2 (FRG futhi GDR), kodwa igama ayikashintshi. Nge emakethe yezimali brand German kwesokunxele ngo-2002, indawo i-euro.

Ngokufanayo okuthiwa zezimali e-Finland (kuze 2002), Estonia (kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1928) futhi e Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Amanani yisikhathi noma underutilized

Ulimi wesintu plastic kakhulu, futhi baqonde okushiwo amanye amagama ishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukusho ukuthi lolo phawu, kungase kushiwo ukuthi kule neNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu ukuthini igama elithi encane ifa ahlukile (yifa amadodana abasebasha), iphuzu zokuphatha emngceleni, umphakathi yasemakhaya emadlelweni ezivamile nasemahlathini.

ERussia, okubizwa ngokuthi izimpawu abahloli kanye abahloli, eqondisa ingqopha kuvuleke imigwaqo kanye emathileyi nabathengisi elincane izimpahla ehamba emaphandleni - Ofen.