Konstantin Sergeevich Novosolov: Biography, kwezesayensi kwezenhlalo, imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo. UMklomelo KaNobel ngo Physics (2010)

I-physics Russian owaziwa, wathola yisakhamuzi British futhi knighted, ilungu iRoyal Society of London, uMklomelo KaNobel ngo Physics. Lingubani leli qhawe? Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich!

biography

usosayensi odumile wazalelwa emzini Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk esifundeni Agasti 23, 1974 emndenini unjiniyela nomfundisi isiNgisi inombolo esikoleni 39, umsunguli kanye nomqondisi wanoma iyiphi yake uyisemkhulu, Viktor Konstantinovich Novoselov.

Ukuba lesithupha, Constantine uthola namakhono avelele futhi lifaka wokuqala emncintiswaneni yesifunda e-physics, futhi kamuva, ngesikhathi mncintiswano Zonke-Union, okuphindaphindiwe impumelelo, engena phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso. Ngo-1991 wathola iziqu ezengeziwe ukuxhumana physics kanye esikoleni lobuchwepheshe kanye lowo nyaka waba umfundi eMoscow Physical-Technical Institute. Ubizwa waqeqeshwa okukhethekile "I-Nanotechnology" e-Faculty of Physical futhi Quantum Electronics, futhi ngathola iziqu nge-honours ovela kuyi-Institute, okwathi ngemva kwalokho sathathwa ukusebenza IMT RAS (Institute of Microelectronics Technology RAS) e Chernogolovka. Elapho kuphothula esikoleni iziqu ngaphansi kokuqondisa Yuriya Dubrovskogo.

kwezilwandle

Ngo-1999, uKonstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - physics nge idumela usumisiwe, wathuthela eNetherlands. Lapho, e-University of Nijmegen, usebenzela kanye Andrei Geim. Kusukela ngo-2001, ososayensi bebelokhu besebenza ne-University of Manchester. Ngo-2004 yena uthola degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Jan Kees Maan ikhanda).

Okwamanje, uKonstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - uprofesa iRoyal Society kanye noSolwazi Physics and Mathematics e-University of Manchester futhi has yisakhamuzi ezimbili (Russian kanye United Kingdom). Manje uhlala Manchester.

ucwaningo

Esaziwa Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov? Ngokwenhlangano yamazwe kohlaziyo Thomson Reuters, isazi sesayensi yemvelo Russian-British ingenye njalo kunazo ekhonjiwe ososayensi. Kusukela usiba lwayo kwafika izihloko zesayensi 190. Nokho, abalulekile kakhulu nocwaningo lwakhe Yiqiniso, Graphene. Abantu abaningi abaye balizwa izwi, okubonakala elula ajwayelekile. Ubuchwepheshe sikubeke ngempela nenhle, njengazo zonke ekhaliphile. utadisha Graphene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, angethula esintwini enkathini amadivayisi ultra-fast and ultrathin mobile kanye ne-computing, izimoto kagesi, kanye nokwakhiwa eqinile kodwa engasindi kakhulu.

udumisa

Lapho Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov zasebenza Manchester University, waba inhloko uzakwabo abaphezulu abavela eRussia, u-Andre Geim. Wathi eqambe Sekuyisikhathi eside waziphatha ucwaningo kule ndawo futhi wakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha mshini adhesion ngezidladla zesigcilikisha, futhi kusekelwe kuyo wadala tape okunamathelayo, kamuva asetshenziswa emsebenzini physics kanye Graphene. Ngaphambi ukuthi Geim eyasiza umfundi Chinese, kodwa, emazwini physics, umsebenzi waqala ukuthutha kuphela ngemva kwathatha Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich. UMklomelo KaNobel waklonyeliswa kubo ngo-Okthoba 2010. manje Novoselov waziwa njengomncane kunani nonke kaNobel physics (zokugcina 37 iminyaka), hhayi kuphela okwamanje ukuthi usosayensi kuphela phakathi kaNobel premiatov abazalwa ngemva kuka-1970.

Esikhathini esifanayo 2010 Novoselov wathola isihloko webutho Order of Dutch Lion ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu isayensi yeNetherlands, futhi kamuva, ngo-2011, i-isimemezelo uQueen Elizabeth ll bambeke knight-impohlo, has ngegalelo lakhe isayensi-United Kingdom. emcimbini Esibalulekile ka Ukuqalwa ku Knights oba khona kamuva, entwasahlobo ka-2012, njengoba kulindeleke, at Buckingham Palace. Ubaholele indodakazi yakhe, Queen, UPrincess Anne.

Mangisho ukuthi Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, kwezesayensi yezenhlalakahle okuyizinto ngempela ebanzi, wathola enye indondo ophezulu lapho kutadishwa Graphene, ekubeni owawina indondo "Evrofizika" ngo-2008. Unikelwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, owazuza uMklomelo abawinile phakathi awardees yayo eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu kuphela. Umklomelo uwukuphila umklomelo imali kanye nesitifiketi sokuhambisana. Wabuye won Kurti Nokho, akuyona Graphene futhi uhlu impumelelo endaweni okushisa aphansi namandla kazibuthe.

Mayelana umndeni ukuphila

Konstantin Novoselov kuyinto ejabulayo emshadweni kumkakhe Irina. Nakuba isiRashiya, abafundile nezazi phesheya e-Netherlands. Irina livela Vologda, wahlanganyela ucwaningo emkhakheni yamagciwane, PhD (mqondo bavikela Petersburg). Lo mbhangqwana nginamadodakazi amabili, ngamawele Sophie futhi Vic bazalelwa 2009.

Stanislavski, ngamazwi akhe, hhayi uyise, laye owahlala amasonto endaweni yokucwaninga by edlulisa sasebuntwaneni izingane zabo. Ukuze angakhele eyami Transistor ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi bafundisa indodakazi yakhe ukubala ukuze amabili nesikhombisa - into imele kumugqa ofanayo. "Akekho owake kwenziwe kuwe, ungakwenzi" - uthi.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, abazali bakhe abazange wazama nomkhawulo indodana yakhe umusa. Baye njalo uqiniseka ukuthi indodana yabo ukuthi unesiphiwo kakhulu, futhi, njengoba esho, physics, abamangali lapho bathola uMklomelo KaNobel.

Lapho kuxoxwa naye ngoba umagazini Esquire, avuma ukuthi ufuna ukufunda ukudlala upiyano. Akufundayo, Nokho, ngo-wavuma siqu, imiphumela Okuqukethwe akuzwakali.

ku-USSR

Stanislavski wazalwa eSoviet Union futhi wathola imfundo yekhethelo. Yena ngokwakhe luyavuma ukuthi lolo lwazi ezijulile lapho athole ingcosana. Kodwa-ke ngeke ubuye eRussia. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi lokhu, ezinye izintatheli yezimo abhekene uhlambalaze kuye ngokuntula kwakhe nokushisekela izwe lakithi. Lokhu isazi sithi akusiwona mayelana imali, nje eBrithani ukusebenza ephephile, ngoba akekho kungaphazamisi ezindabeni zakho.

Novoselov ithatha impilo elula, musa ukugxila ukwehluleka - lokhu ingenye imithetho yayo eziyisisekelo. Uma kukhona ubunzima ebuhlotsheni nabantu, uzama ukuba kuholele break, kepha uma kuyindodakazi, yinto engeke ize igwemeke, sishiye izwi lokugcina kwenye indoda. Esikhathini physics esidumile kunezinkinga eziningi ezivamile zokuphila, isibonelo, wayeyobe uzimisele ukuchitha imali, ukuze nje athole isikhathi esithile free.

Kodwa ukuphila kwakhe emsebenzini kanye nokuphumula, akabe ehlukana, mhlawumbe lena umkhiqizo ukhiye zezemfundo. Ekhaya, eyicabangayo physics, futhi emsebenzini - nje uphumule umphefumulo.

Kuyini Graphene

Nakuba, yebo, yonke impumelelo emkhakheni physics, umsebenzi oyinhloko Novoselov kwaba kanye uhlala Graphene. Lesi sakhiwo, okuyinto Kwaqala etholakalayo endaweni yokucwaninga iphethwe yi- esikanye nabo, a "anezikhala" mgudumbili ukuzulazula kwama-athomu carbon ku ukushuba athomu eyodwa. Novoselov yena uthi ubuchwepheshe ayiyona inkimbinkimbi futhi udale Graphene ngamunye, cishe ngokurhaba. Uthi ukuthi kwanele ukuqala okuhle Thenga graphite, nakuba ingasetshenziswa ngisho amapensela kanye ukuchitha kancane ku substrate Silicon kanye ngethephu enamathelayo. Konke sekumi ngomumo ukudala Graphene ulungile! Ngakho, indaba ngeke silawula bezinhlangano ezinkulu, Novoselov futhi Geim ngokoqobo walinika emhlabeni.

izakhiwo isimanga

Futhi kusimangaze izakhiwo physics electronic le nto. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo Graphene ingasetshenziswa transistors, okuyinto ozama ukukwenza manje kwezinye izinkampani, esikhundleni imininingwane ajwayelekile kumadivayisi eselula.

Ngokwe Novoselov, Graphene uzoguqula ubuchwepheshe. Ingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi i-movie yesayensi - kungcono amagajethi Amazing, okusobala, mncane, hhayi Breakable kanye nokusebenza kakhulu. Uma igrafu yenu kuyovumelana kancane kancane esikhundleni akusebenzi Silicon ubuchwepheshe ebhayisikobho kuyoba empilweni.

Lezi zifundo esiphawulekayo ngaphezulu Novoselov futhi Geim? Iqiniso ukuthi ngokuphazima kweso babesuke laboratory zokuthutha, nokuningi - bangisiza kakhulu eminyakeni yayo yokuqala.

ubuchwepheshe ikusasa

Lapho manje usesebenzisa Graphene? Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-material esisanda kutholakala ezinjalo akakwazanga okwamanje, lusakazwe kabanzi, futhi ngezinga elingakanani lokhu kuyiqiniso. Cishe zonke yentuthuko kusahlolwa ngokwemvelo futhi kungukuthi uyokhululwa ekukhiqizweni. Nokho, ukusebenzisa le nto manje uzama cishe zonke izindawo ukuthi, mhlawumbe, angabizwa ngokuthi wangempela "Graphene imfiva."

Bala yena, naphezu isisindo ongaphakeme futhi obala cishe egcwele (bumunca 2% zokukhanya ngocansi, nse ezejwayelekile iwindi ingilazi), okokusebenza okuhlala kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwamuva ososayensi American wabonisa ukuthi Graphene kuyinto exutshwe plastic esihle. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba impahla ezisindayo-duty engasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindawo, esukela ethonyeni eliyingozi ukukhiqizwa ifenisha kanye nomakhalekhukhwini ukuze rocket isayensi.

Graphene isivele prototypes amabhethri izimoto kagesi. Basuke izimpawu obunamandla nesikhathi esincane ukushaja. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi le nkinga ngezimoto zikagesi ziyoxazululwa, nezokuthutha kuyoba eshibhe futhi enobungane kakhulu imvelo.

Graphene isetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa touch panel entsha omakhalekhukhwini. Uma izinzwa classical kungenziwa eziqhutshwa phezu flat, khona-ke igrafu lokhu ukuntula bancishwa, ngoba ingagoba ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, high conductivity kagesi kuzokwenza ephendula ubuncane.

Ngo zezindiza,

Ezezindlu ejikijelwayo izindiza, enziwe ukusetshenziswa Graphene kuyoba izikhathi eziningana kalula, okuyinto kunciphisa kakhulu intengo kaphethiloli. I izindiza kuyoba ezishibhile ukuze ukukhokhela uhambo kuze kube komunye umkhawulo womhlaba uzokwazi ukusithenga. Kodwa, ngaphezu umgibeli womgwaqo, lokhu kuzothinta, yebo, futhi imoto. Supply emakhoneni elikude lomhlaba kuyoba ngcono kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuba ziphile futhi zisebenze kuyoba abantu abaningi.