Kanjani capacitor i wesifunda AC?

Uma -isixhumi sakho samandla supply ixhunywe Resistor, wamanje kanye voltage phezu kwengungu nganoma yingasiphi kulombhalo isikhathi kukhona ezilinganiselwe komunye nomunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuba nomzimba zamanje kanye voltage uyofinyelela "isiqongo" amagugu kanyekanye. Kulokhu sithi wamanje kanye voltage basesimweni esigabeni.

Manje ake sicabangele indlela ukuthi kuyoba ukuziphatha capacitor AC wesifunda.

Uma umthombo variable voltage exhunywe kwi-capacitor, ukubaluleka esiphezulu voltage yonkana kuzoba wakhona seqiwe umsinga ogeleza wesifunda. Nokho, isiqongo wave wave sine voltage ngeke kuthuthukiswe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba wamanje esiphezulu.

Kulesi sibonelo, ukubaluleka ngokuphazima kweso umsinga ifinyelela inani layo esiphezulu inkathi ikota (90 el.grad.) Ngaphambi kokuba uyokwenza ukucindezeleka. Kulokhu sithi "wamanje kuholela voltage ngu 90◦».

Ngokungafani nesimo wesifunda postoyanngo Inani lamanje V / mina akusilo njalo. Nokho, isilinganiso V max / I-value max iyasiza ku agesi ngokuthi impedance capacitive (Xc) yabaphathi. Njengoba lesi silinganiso namanje ikhombisa ratio voltage yamanje, okungukuthi, ngomqondo ongokoqobo iyunithi ukumelana yokulinganisa kuyinto ohms yayo. I capacitor ukubaluleka Xc incike capacitance (C) kanye nobuningi AC (f).

Kusukela uxhumano capacitor AC sisetshenziswa RMS voltage, ezifana kwenzeka kulesi sifunda kushintshana samanje, kunomkhawulo wemali capacitor. Le nemikhawuko kungenxa le reactance we capacitor.

Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka samanje ngesimiso somshini equkethe kungekho ezinye izingxenye ngaphandle capacitor kunqunywa uMthetho okufushane Ohm sika okunye

Mina _RMS = U _RMS / X _C

Lapho U _RMS - impande kusho isikwele (RMS) voltage. Qaphela ukuthi X esikhundleni _enenani R kule nguqulo ye Law Ohm analo DC.

Manje siyabona ukuthi capacitor yesifunda AC liziphatha hhayi njengendlela Resistor esinqunyiwe, futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ke ngaphezulu isimo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono izinqubo ezenzeka esifundeni esinjalo, kuyasiza ukwethula inkolelo yokungafi vector.

Umqondo oyinhloko we-vector - lokhu ukumelwa ukubaluleka eyinkimbinkimbi isiginali isikhathi obuhlukahlukene kungenziwa imelelwa umkhiqizo inombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi (okuyinto ozimele isikhathi) futhi isiginali eziyinkimbinkimbi okuyinto umsebenzi isikhathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, singakwazi amele cos umsebenzi A (2πνt + θ) njengoba nje eziyinkimbinkimbi A njalo ∙ e ^jΘ.

Kusukela zithwala emelelwa ubuningi (noma module) kanye engela ke zivezwa imidwebo ngu umcibisholo (Vector noma) ujikeleze indiza XY.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi voltage yonkana capacitor "okusalele emuva" maqondana wamanje emelela vertices zabo ahlelwe indiza eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba kuboniswe sibalo ngenhla. Kulesi sibalo, voltage nabathwali kwamanje ijikelezwe okuhlukile ngokwewashi.

Kulesi sibonelo, wamanje phezu capacitor ngenxa ngaphezu kwentengo yayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Njengoba capacitor AC wesifunda unekhono ukugcina bese ngezikhathi kabusha ukukhokhiswa kagesi, phakathi kwaso umthombo wamandla kuyinto exchange njalo amandla, elisetendeni kagesi ngokuthi esisheshayo.