Izithasiselo ze-antifreeze ekhambi: izici

Izithasiselo ze-antifreeze emanzini namuhla ziyasebenza kakhulu ekwakhiweni. Ukubukeka kwabo kwavumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nezakhiwo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngaphandle kokulimaza izinga lemiklamo ezayo.

Isidingo sokusebenzisa izithasiselo ze-antifreeze

Uma isixazululo sithelwa ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, ukuqina kwalo kuzokwenzeka kancane kancane, okubangelwa ukumiswa kwe-hydration yamakhemikhali. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifika -3 ° C, uketshezi oluqukethwe kukhonkolo luqala ukushintsha iqhwa, futhi inqubo yokumisa imise. Uma isixazululo siphuthuma, zonke izinqubo ziphinde zenziwe futhi isakhiwo siyaqhubeka sithola amandla. Kodwa uma ukubunjwa kweqhwa kwenzeka cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuthululela, ukukhishwa kwekhonkthi kuzohambisana nokuthola i-monolith yesakhiwo esivulekile, lokhu kuzoholela emandleni angenalutho, ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo ngeke sibe nesimangalo seqhwa.

Isithasiselo se-antifreeze sisetshenziselwa ukuqiniseka ukuthi kulesi sixazululo esigcwaliswe ebusika, izinqubo ezikhuni zenzeka ngokujwayelekile. Ama-antitifreeze agents akwazi ukwehlisa iphuzu lokuqhwaza ketshezi, ukuze ukhonkolo luqhubeke nokuthola amandla emazingeni aphansi.

I-Antifreeze additive - amanzi ammonia

Amaminia amanzi ase-Amonia asebenza njengengxube yezomnotho engokwenkolo . Inezici zekhwalithi ezivelele kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezinamafutha we-calcium chloride ne-potash. Ngakho-ke, kubonisa iphesenti elincane elihlaba umxhwele lokukhulisa, okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu empikiswaneni yezimo eziguqukayo ezingase zenzeke lapho kukhishwa iqhwa.

Isithasiselo esichazwe nge-antifreeze sisetshenziselwa isixazululo ngobuningi obunjalo, okushiwo imithetho yokushisa yomoya wangaphandle. Kuvame ukukhethwa ngamanzi ammonia, hhayi ezinye izithasiselo ezingezinye, futhi ngenxa yokuthi akubanga ukubola kwamathanga. I-additive ayinakukwazi ukwehlisa izimfanelo zokunamathela zokuqiniswa ngodaka, akunciphisi ikhono lesakhiwo ukuze kube nesibindi esiphezulu, asikwazi ukuholela ekubukeni kwezinto eziphakeme futhi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo ngesisekelo sezinhlaka. Amamoniki amanzi anciphisa isikhathi kuze kufike ukuqina kosimende, okuvumela ukuba kube nokubeka okulula kakhulu kwenkinobho, okungahlala isikhathi esilinganiselwe kumahora angu-4-7.

Izici zezingxube ze-antifreeze

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, ngaphambi kokufaka izithasiselo ze-antifreeze esixazululweni, ukuthi banekhono lokuthutha nokudala ama-clumps kwezinye izindawo, isibonelo ezinambeni noma ezingxenyeni ezingenhla. Emva kwalokho bangathola isakhiwo se-crystal. Ukuze ukhiphe lokhu, ungaqali ukusebenza ekugcwaliseni, lapho izinga lokushisa izikhathi eziningi zingakapheli ngosuku. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma izimo zishintsha ukusuka phansi ukuya ezithombeni. Lesi sici sezimiso zesimo sezulu yisici sesikhathi sekwindla-entwasahlobo noma ama-thaws ebusika.

Ezinye izithasiselo ezenziwe nge-antifreeze emhlabathini zingabangela ukubhujiswa kokhonkolo oluphelile. Lokhu kubangelwa ngenxa ye-cristallization ye-salts, engabonakala ezindaweni lapho izithasiselo zisendaweni egxilile. Kamuva, lokhu kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo. I-susceptible mostly to these phenomena yilezi zithasiselo eziphakathi kwe-potash izithako, kanye ne- calcium nitrate. Ukuqeda izinkinga ezinjalo ngokubala ngokucophelela ukulandelwa kwenani lezithako ngokuphathelene nomthamo nokubunjwa kwesisombululo, kanye nezimo zangaphandle.

Izixwayiso

Ezinye izithasiselo ezenziwe nge-antifreeze esixazululweni (Astana - omunye wemadolobha lapho zingathengwa) akufanele zisetshenziswe ngekhonkrithi ezokwehliswa ezindaweni eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kusebenza emafomeni anama- salts amabili. Ngakho-ke, i- chloride ye-sodium ne-calcium iqinisa ukubola kwesimbi, okungenzeka kakhulu ezimweni ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nokuba khona kwe-oxygen emoyeni. Kodwa uma usebenzisa amakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi ngezingxube ezinobungozi zokuqinisa, ezine- inhibitors zensimbi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwengxenye ye-chloride kungancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma i-i-nitrite ions ingeziwe kukhonkolo (isilinganiso sesisindo se-HH: HC singu-1: 1), i-chlorine ions ayingozi neze ukuphepha kwezici zekhwalithi zokuqiniswa.

Izinzuzo zezingxube ze-antifreeze

Uma kuhlanganiswa izithasiselo ze-antimorose ezidakeni zomhlabathi noma ezakhiweni zokwakha nezinye izakhiwo, kanye nezakhiwo nezakhiwo, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ziyizi:

• Ukwandisa i-plasticity yesisombululo;
• Vumela ukuqhuba umsebenzi wokwakha emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
• Ukwandisa izimfanelo zokunamathela zokhonkolo;
• Ukwandisa ubukhulu bokukhonkolo;
• Ukwandisa amandla isakhiwo emva kanzima;
• Nikeza impilo yesevisi ende yesikhashana sekhonkrithi.

Izindleko zezingxube ze-antifreeze

Izithasiselo ze-antifreeze esixazululweni zingaba nezindleko ezihlukile, ezizoxhomeka ezikhwalweni zekhwalithi zokubunjwa, izithako zayo nezinye izici. Isibonelo, isithasiselo esithi "i-Bitumast" yokukhiqizwa kweRussia ingathengwa ku-container elula, ivolumu engama-13.5 kg, lapho umthengi kufanele akhokhe ama-ruble angu-638.

Uma uhlose ukhiqiza umsebenzi wokwakha ebusika, ngokuqinisekile uzodinga izithasiselo ze-antifreeze esixazululweni. I-Kazan (okuyi-LLP "Priority") inikeza umkhiqizo onjalo kumkhiqizi waseJalimane ngama-ruble angu-285 (amalitha ayi-10).

Ungakhetha ukwakhiwa kusuka kumkhiqizi ozokwenza okuningi ngenani. Phela, emakethe yokwakha namuhla, izithasiselo zivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.