Iziphathimandla wezenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation. Uhlelo zezomthetho Russian Federation

Ngokuhamba nomlando wayo, isintu siye sazama izikhathi eziningi ukuthola losebenta kahle kakhulu kwezokuhlalisana nabantu, lokhu kungaphazamisa yonke imikhakha yomphakathi futhi zonke izakhamuzi. Ngo inqubo zokufuna zikhona izixazululo ezahlukene, kodwa abazange ukuletha umphumela efanele. Kodwa eduze nkathi yethu laqanjwa kwesokudla. Eqinisweni, sase ogunyazwe State, noma indawo ubukhulu ukwakheka kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha, wasebenzisa ngqo emphakathini.

Umtsetfosimiso efanayo isibe prototype yomthetho ekhona njengamanje ngomqondo lapho bonke abantu baqonde ke. Nokho, nesithakazelo esikhulu, hhayi nje ukuba isakhiwo umthetho esimweni esithile, kodwa indlela yekusetjentiswa zabo ngokushesha. Le nqubo ibizwa eyenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi i-izimiso ezisemthethweni kusukela iziphathimandla. Ngokuvamile, lezi izinqumo benziwa, noma kunalokho, ebekiwe imibhalo ethize namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi "imithethonqubo". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eRussia, njengoba kwamanye amazwe, asemthethweni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ekuqalisweni omunye umphako wawo, afakiwe isakhiwo esisodwa phezulu. Kuyinto ngenxa sabaphathi we PPA, ongayifinyelela ukulawulwa eqondile kakhulu kwezokuhlalisana emphakathini.

Ngakho, sizoqhubeka cabanga umqondo, izinhlobo izenzo zomthetho, isigaba sabaphathi zabo nokuningi.

Umqondo PPA

Uhlelo zezomthetho Russian Federation kubhekwe isakhiwo, esinye sezici okuyizinto PPA. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba sicabangele izici yonke inqubomgomo zezomthetho Russian Federation, kumele ayejwayele izihlinzeko umqondo PPA. Ngokwenkolelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho, iziqondiso ithathwa njengokuhlola asemthethweni nge ifomu elibekiwe.

Basuke ekhishwe ngaphansi kwekhono igunya lomphakathi futhi aqukethe inani elithile amazinga esiyisibopho ukuziphatha. PPA ngokuvamile yakhelwe inqwaba abantu, futhi isicelo ezikudlayo kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imithetho ingase futhi ikhishwe inhlolovo, ikhumbula zonke izinqubo zomthetho. Lo mkhuba laqanjwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, njengoba okuchaza kangcono intando yeningi umbuso.

isenzo normative deku umthetho

Emazweni we Romance namalungelo wezomthetho sabaphathi umndeni ka izenzo zomthetho ufeza indima ebalulekile e ukulawulwa ubudlelwane zomthetho. Ngenxa PPA kula mazwe - ungumthombo oyinhloko umthetho. Lezi zincwadi zibizwa ekhishwe kuphela izidumbu ogunyaziwe ezinekhono yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo omisiwe ubufakazi ukuthi i-NPA ihlanganiswe yonke nemingcele ekhona kumshini zomthetho. Njengomthetho, isigaba sabaphathi of izenzo zomthetho ezikhona emkhayeni Romance, ngoba Anglo-Saxon, amazwe umthombo oyinhloko ka-sandulela zomthetho. Kulokhu, lo isakhiwo phezulu we PPA omane ayidingeki.

Izinhlobo PPA fixed

Banikezwe izici kohlelo lomthetho we Russian Federation, iziqondiso, njengoba kufakazelwa umqondo owethulwe ngenhla, kungenziwa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu, okuyi:

1. Imithetho, okungukuthi, PPA, okuyinto zamukelwa hhayi kuphela emizimbeni ophakeme kahle kwemandla embuso lezidumbu zomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho kungenziwa ngokuthi zonke izenzo esikhishwe ngendlela yezinhlelo zokwenziwa kwemithetho.

2. Imithetho ngu-- lawa asemthethweni esikhishwe zikahulumeni ezinekhono zabo futhi, njengoba umthetho, ngesisekelo imithetho esedlule oyenzile. Ukuze lezi zincwadi zingase zihlanganisa izenzo umongameli isiRashiya, uhulumeni, zezinkonzo kanye nezinye izinhlaka sikahulumeni.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuqaleni kwazo zonke izinhlelo kuwufanele RF UMthethosisekelo ungumthetho eyisisekelo amandla. Konke lokhu izinhlobo izenzo eziyisisekelo normative-zezomthetho Russian Federation libhekene amasiko ezimisiwe zomthetho wezwe lakithi.

isigaba sabaphathi Legal

Umkhakha wezenzo zomthetho RF ngenxa isethi ethile yezici ngawo kwakuthiwa kubonisa isidingo sokupha izenzo eyodwa (izinhlobo zabo) ephakeme amandla zomthetho kunamanye. It ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Iziphathimandla mpo wezenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation - ukusatshalaliswa zonke izincwadi ezisemthethweni kusukela kumthethosisekelo izenzo umuntu zomnyango. Kulokhu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eyinhloko wokwehlayo mpo, okuyilezi: federal (okubhekisele insimu yonke WaseRussia) kanye zendawo (ezingeni ezikhonzini umfelandawonye).

2. Iziphathimandla ovundlile wezenzo normative we Russian Federation ikhombisa kwamangqamuzana yonke imibhalo esemthethweni e umgamu wawo. Isibonelo esihle iyona izenzo zendawo RF. Phakathi kwabo ngokomthetho okulingana, kodwa ukulawula yabo zokulawula Kwenziwa kuphela endaweni ethile phakathi isihloko.

Ukuze ukuliqonda eningiliziwe indlela ethulwa ngenhla izinhlobo izenzo eziyisisekelo zomthetho ukuhlela ukulawulwa wezomthetho nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ku Russian Federation, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele izici zabo ngokuhlukana nomunye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amatafula ekhethekile asetshenziswa ukulungiswa nabezomthetho. Ngosizo lwabo imfundamakhwela abameli ujwayelene izici olwakhiwe PPA uhlelo. Ngakho-ke kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini sabaphathi wezenzo zezomthetho Russian Federation, circuit. Nge-ke kulula kakhulu ukwethula isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ka-NPA.

I-Russian uMthethosisekelo

Yonke uhlelo lomthetho we Russian Federation iqinile elilodwa core uhulumeni isenzo normative - uMthethosisekelo. Njengakwamanye amazwe, umthetho eyinhloko WaseRussia linezimiso eziyisisekelo ukuqinisekisa amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi, Uvikela ukwehlukana kahulumeni zomthetho, mphathi zokwahlulela, kanye lo mshini ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nabanye. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo Russian futhi ubizwa ngokuthi uMthetho Basic, yanyatheliswa ikhiqizwa umyalelo othize. Ngendlela efanayo kwenziwa izinguquko ukuze uMthetho Basic. Ngo ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zoMthetho-sisekelo, ushintsho yayo eyenziwe ukubiza of the Constitutional Assembly. Kodwa inqubo enjalo luyasetshenziswa kuphela icala uma ufuna ukubukeza zonke umthetho lilonke. Kwezinye izimo, le ukutjhugululwa okufaneleko komthethosisekelo ayisungula imithetho kahulumeni.

Izimiso kuMthethosisekelo

Iziphathimandla we Russian Federation of izenzo zomthetho normative hhayi kuphela kuziwa kuMtsetfosisekelo, kodwa futhi isekelwe izimiso ezikulowo ke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimiso ukuchaza ububanzi wesi zomthetho isimo. Ingabe imibono elandelayo yomthetho eziyisisekelo:

1. Democracy noMbuso iziphathimandla.

2. Democracy.

3. Isimiso federal isakhiwo indawo.

4. Russia iwumbuso zomthetho kanye nomphakathi.

5. Humanism yabo bonke ubudlelwane nomphakathi.

6. Imvelo wokuziphilisa kwamandla.

7. Indlela uhulumeni - republic.

imithetho kahulumeni

Iziphathimandla wezenzo normative Russia uma kungenjalo acabangele uMthethosisekelo, okuyinto isisekelo isimiso somthetho sangaleso, eliholwa imithetho sikahulumeni. Lokho umthetho kahulumeni wenza kunomthelela oqonde ngqo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ukuthi okudingeka ilungiswe. Kulokhu kungenzeka imithetho abathintekayo cishe yizo zonke yizinto ezingabalulekile udaba oludinga umfelandawonye ngokwayo noma izikhonzi zawo. Imikhuba ye PPA adingekayo ukubulawa kuwo wonke amazinga ukulawula zokulawula. Kushicilelwe ngu yedolobha akumelwe kuphela ihambisana nemithetho kodwa akusho eziphikisana nazo.

Ngokuvamile, akuyikuthengiswa ngayo, imithetho yase bamukela phezu izinkinga ezilandelayo, isibonelo:

- izinguquko kuMthethosisekelo Russian;

- kudivayisi RF federal;

- lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela amalungelo nenkululeko isakhamuzi;

- Ukulungiswa of the system ezintathu isigaba ka zomthetho, zokwahlulela emandla;

- ukusungulwa isabelomali sikahulumeni;

- ukuphepha kanye nomthetho nokuhleleka;

- ukulawulwa nezindaba inqubomgomo angaphandle lasezindlini;

Imibuzo okuyinto engabathinti umthetho kahulumeni, kulawulwa izenzo zendawo yezihloko. Noma kunjalo, ukubusa ezindabeni ezingcwele we Russian Federation izenzo zokulawula empeleni iholwa umthetho ukuthi lithini ngendima yabo abalulekile. Ngakho-ke, izihlinzeko zoMthetho Federal zihlale lezinto ezibekwe eqhulwini.

izinhlobo Law

Imithetho, kanye nezinye NPA, kufanele ngezigaba zabo. Njengomthetho, yonke imithetho WaseRussia zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulekile:

1. Imithetho eyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ekhishwe ngumthetho-ogunyazwe ukulawulwa ubudlelwane ezithile ezingokomthetho.

2. Imithetho Izichibiyelo - izifundiso eziyimiyalo ethize, okuyinto ezifanayo ezingokomthetho amandla FZ. Eqinisweni, zingabantu imithetho, kodwa ukudla kwabo lwenteke kuphela ushintsho komthetho ezikhona, kunokuba ukulawulwa ibuphi ubuhlobo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isigaba sabefundisi izenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation iqukethe amakhodi okuthiwa. Lezi zenzo kuthiwa eyabekwa amaqoqo iziqondiso eziningi zomthetho, behlanganiswe isihloko ezivamile isiqondiso.

umthetho yesibili

Ngaphezu uMthethosisekelo noMthetho, e sabaphathi we PPA sihlanganisa iziqondiso. Basuke eyanyatheliswa kuyi purview kwezitho ngabanye kanye ejensi ukuze imisebenzi nokusebenza kanye 'iphuzu "ukuphathwa ubudlelwano ethize nokuxazulula ahlukahlukene. Yedolobha emvunulweni yalo ihlukaniswe izenzo umongameli Russian futhi uhulumeni. Ngokuqondene izenzo kamongameli, ithambekele alawule nezindaba ezihlobene esabelweni ekilasini amaviyo ngamaviyo, kwaba iziqu zokuhlonipha, aphoyintimenti emagunyeni aphakeme ngoba ukukhoseliswa ezombusazwe, kanye ezinye izindaba ezivela inqubo esingenakuqhathaniswa sokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba. Secondary umthetho kaHulumeni - NPA aphakeme esiphezulu igunya, eyakhishwa amandla esiphezulu ku isimo.

isiphetho

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sanikeza umqondo, izinhlobo futhi isigaba sabefundisi izenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbuzo ethulwa esadinga ukuba abanye ngcono zomthetho, ngakho ukulawulwa zomthetho phezu ingxenye iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukuze lelisu kahle.