Izinsuku iqhume utamatisi? imbewu Utamatisi: imbewu izithombo. Yini izinhlobonhlobo utamatisi kungcono?

Njalo wensimu, saqala noma kokuba isipiliyoni eside, ufuna ukuthola isivuno ocebile futhi esihlwabusayo utamatisi. Ngingathanda ukubona utamatisi ezinkulu futhi ezivuthiwe on amagatsha zalesi sihlahla, kunokuba utamatisi ezincane futhi ngandlela-thile kunganambitheki kakhulu. Uma une-greenhouse, yini okufanele kube kukhulu utamatisi nje musa ukuthole. Njengoba Bathi balimi 'ebona, zikhona izinto eziningi ezincane ngokuvamile ukunganakwa uma ukutshala nokunakekela, kodwa empeleni kubalulekile. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi yini izimfihlo utamatisi ukutshala ukwazi balimi abanolwazi, futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe ukuze ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ukuhluma utamatisi kanjani.

Ukukhethwa imbewu

Konke kuqala nge imbewu. Uma ayaqala nje uhlanganyele utamatisi, musa ukuthenga izinhlobo eliyingqayizivele, zidinga izimo ezikhethekile ezikhulayo nokunakekela. Hlala lomsebenzisi elingcono ku-abavamile, amafomu linesizotha. Lesi sakamuva futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa, kodwa utamatisi abavamile bona abanakho njengoba ezingezwakali nokunakekela kuyokwenza ukwazi kangcono ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe kutshalwa futhi kulinywe.

Yini izinhlobonhlobo utamatisi kungcono ukuthenga? Funda ngokucophelela ulwazi iphakethe, ubheke ukwakhiwa isitoreji isikhathi zokutshala impahla. Nakani ukuphakama abadala utamatisi, ukumelana kwabo ezifweni.

Amila imbewu nokutshala

Ukuze isikhathi zitshala e greenhouse ifinyelele usayizi oyifunayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ukuhluma utamatisi ungumvini. Impendulo isobala kungekho. imbewu ezomile itshalwe ngqo emhlabathini, zingakhula izinsuku eziyishumi. Uma imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala inqubo kanye potassium permanganate ukuze ufake amahora ambalwa ngamanzi afudumele, bona ziqhume ngokushesha.

Ngokuvamile, balimi imfundamakhwela ukubuza umbuzo mayelana bangaki ziqhume imbewu utamatisi. Eqinisweni Okubalulekile - yobudala lokutshala ezibonakalayo. Ngokwesibonelo, imbewu eminyakeni emithathu edlule kungenzeka ukuba kuhlume akukho ngaphambili kunesonto, kodwa ezihlukahlukene elanikezelwa eqoqwe ngonyaka odlule, ngeke sikhule 3-4 izinsuku.

Ngakho, ukubala eziningi kanjani ihlumela utamatisi, unga, uma ukunikeza izimo best for imbewu ukuhluma. Ngemva kokuba imbewu ziyakusala ezitaladini amanzi amahora ambalwa, liyadingeka wakufaka inhlabathi olungiselelwe, amboze nge ucwecwe endaweni isikhala esanele efudumele (lokushisa emoyeni lapho zihlume utamatisi, kufanele kube ngu-25 degrees).

yisithombo

Yiqiniso, kungenziwa izithombo uthenge ngomumo eyenziwe. Ngaphambi sokutshala, abaningi flower izitolo zinikeza ezihlukahlukene izinto ayihlwanyelayo. Ukuthengwa izithombo ngomumo eyenziwe ukuze ugweme izinkinga eziningi eziphathelene lapho utamatisi ihlumela. Kodwa lokhu akuyona neze efanelekayo isivuno esihle. Lezi izithombo ngokuvamile has izinga okuhle kanye ukumelana izifo utamatisi. Ngakho-ke thatha kangcono isikhathi bese uzama ukhule izithombo zabo eziqinile.

izithombo enempilo engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma izitshalo uthole zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola izithombo eqinile futhi aqine kudingeka ukulungiselela phansi bese zimila imbewu ngesikhathi kahle. Kungcono Nokho ukwazi cishe kanjani maduze ihlumela utamatisi ukuze uthole izithombo eqinile zokutshala.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo?

Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kufika isikhathi ukutshala izithombo ku abamba ukushisa noma inhlabathi, kufanele sifinyelele ukuphakama mayelana 25 amasentimitha. Izitshalo zidluliselwa ngqo phambi zom kwesikhathi, kuba lula futhi kulula ukuyiphatha ukufakelwa nezimo ezintsha.

Isici esibalulekile kuyinto inhlabathi lapho sikhule izitshalo ezisencane. Uma ucabanga ngokungathí sina ngokushada isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi izithombo kanye indlela yokukwenza kahle, lokho kusho ukuthi ukunakekela qala kwenhlabathi. Ideal - Turf emhlabathini, Peat kanye humus. Zonke izithako zithathwa ekuhlanganisweni 2: 1: 1.

Lapho utamatisi abasha ukuthola amahlamvu kweqiniso emibili kuya kwemithathu, kuyinto efiselekayo fafaza isixazululo nesweli (okungathatha indawo yalokho necebo zethusi sulfate).

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

Ukutshala utamatisi izithombo kufanele sigcwaliswe ngendlela inhlabathi ekhethekile. It angathengwa esitolo noma uzilungiselele. Ngokuvamile kungcono kakhulu inhlabathi ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi enhlabathini wenze semali umlotha ukhuni engadini umquba. Uma inhlabathi ukuba bawe akwenzeki, ungakwenza entwasahlobo.

Ngaphambi kokuba atshale izitshalo ku imithombo walungisela wathela Peat exutshwe humus (2: 1). Ngokulandelayo, emgodini ugcwele amanzi futhi avunyelwe ukuba cwilisa. Manje kungenzeka ukutshala izithombo.

By endleleni, abanye abalimi batusa zokutshala abasha izitshalo emithonjeni ejulile ukuze amahlamvu phansi uthinte phansi. Lokhu kuvumela utamatisi ngesikhathi esifushane ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ngokwanele impande.

Azonakekela utamatisi

Ngisho noma wazi ukuthi izinsuku eziningi zihlume utamatisi, indlela yokutshala izithombo ezinhle nokuthi ukulungiselela umhlabathi, lokhu kwakungenele ukuthola isivuno esihle.

izigaba ezahlukene ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa ezahlukene. Ngakho, esikhathini okuzivumelanisa utamatisi akufanele kwenziwe nanoma yiziphi izinqubo nabo, ngisho pasynkovaniya. Ukususwa kwezimiso ohlangothini amahlumela ngeke kuholele lube buthaka izitshalo, ngoba bengakabi ephethwe zahlala endaweni entsha. Pasynkovanie kangcono ukuchitha amasonto 2-3 emva kokutshala izithombo kule abamba ukushisa.

Phakathi ukususwa amahlumela lateral kudingeka ukhiqize esiphezulu iziqu ezimbili. Ukuze ukwakheka izithelo zalesi sihlahla kuyoba impela umqhele, uhambe.

Ngemva kwenyanga ukutshala utamatisi kule abamba ukushisa kuyatuseka ukuba abophe. Ungalokothi uvumele izitshalo olele phansi - ukuthi ukunikeza ithuba zonke izinhlobo izinambuzane bonakalise wesivuno sakho esizayo.

ukuchelela

Ngaphandle kwamanzi, njengoba wazi, mayelana nanoma yisiphi isitshalo kungaba kungabaza, kodwa futhi kudingeka uyophuziswa kahle. Utamatisi uncamela emoyeni elomile vlazhnovatoy inhlabathi kancane.

ukuthambisa ngokweqile kungaholela kuphela yokuthi izitshalo kukhona imvelo ezinomswakama ungalwakha okulimaza sekwephuzile. Ukunisela kufanele kube 1, inani eliphezulu izikhathi 2 ngesonto, nje ngaphansi impande.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane

Utamatisi, kanye nazo zonke izitshalo singangena ezifweni ezithile kanye izinambuzane. Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezingathinta isivuno esizayo - kuyinto esivelele bola, okulimaza sekwephuzile. Ukuze ugweme izifo, kumele afeze izinyathelo zokuvimbela, okuyinto baye basungula amasosha omzimba athile ezitshalweni.

Ngaphezu ukubola apical okulimaza sekwephuzile futhi, abasha singangena utamatisi Ukuswaba. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwesonto elilodwa ukutshala utamatisi for efiselekayo unomphela fafaza isitshalo usebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile ukuze nokuvimbela izifo.

Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakala bola apical, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yokungabi bikho amaminerali, kufanele ukondla izitshalo nge isixazululo izinkuni umlotha (cishe kanye ngenyanga). By endleleni, uma wazi kanjani izinsuku eziningi zihlume utamatisi, ungenza isheduli anolaka wonke umsebenzi ku yokutshala nezitshalo lonke isizini yesondlo.

Nge okulimaza sekwephuzile ngempumelelo ukulwa amakhemikhali amaningi. Nokho, uma uye ebeseke wavela izithelo kuqala, bese amakhemikhali Veer isitshalo hhayi kakhulu futhi bafuna. Kunezindlela eziningana ethandwayo ukukusiza ukubhekana nalesi "obukhulu". Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka fafaza izitshalo garlic wafaka emanzini. Ukulungisa imithi 500 amagremu garlic uthele amalitha amathathu amanzi afudumele. Garlic kumelwe sokunika izinsuku ezintathu.

Eziwuhlupho eliyingozi kakhulu notamatisi nematodes. Amancane ukuze uwabone ngaphandle ngesibonakhulu akunakwenzeka. Lezi izinambuzane emhlabathini futhi ukukhuthaza impande izitshalo bola.

lapho ekhula inkinga

Ngaphezu izifo isitshalo khona nalapho bebafushane khona, kungase kuphakame nobunzima lokuqala at the stage of ukuhluma, uma uthenge nevskhozhie imbewu utamatisi. Material izithombo kungenziwa kwesokunxele kuwe omkhulu futhi enhle kakhulu utamatisi isikhule ngonyaka odlule. Lapha-ke kuyoba ulwazi ewusizo ngaluphi usuku ihlumela utamatisi ukuthi uma bengabanjwa imbewu embi, ungakwazi ukutshala ezinye. Ukuze imbewu abangu germinating, badinga ukuba kuqoqwe kahle.

Abalimi abaningi ongenalwazi benza iphutha lokuqoqa bebodwa. Ukuqoqa material plant, ayagezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo, bese nje andise ephepheni noma indwangu for omiswe. imbewu lezi zinto cishe ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Iqiniso liwukuthi emhlabeni imbewu ngayinye has a ifilimu okunamathelayo. Phakathi amanzi uhlambulule lingabulewe, futhi lapho iphele iphele nje naye. Ngemva kwalokho, ifilimu kuba ezomile futhi ngokuphelele bancishwa umoya utamatisi imbewu. Imbewu izithombo ngaphambi ukugeza ke, kubalulekile ukuba lwalungabola, ukuze ubhubhise yena kanye lo ifilimu.

Ukuvutshelwa - indlela ephumelela, kodwa kufanele athathe isinyathelo ngokuqapha. Uma imbewu overdo, izinga ukuhluma uzophinde izolahleka. izimo Ideal for inqubo enjalo - lokushisa 25, lapho imbewu agcinwa imvelo azibukhali cishe izinsuku ezimbili. Ezinye izinhlobo kuyoba okwanele, futhi ngosuku, ezifana cherry utamatisi. Futhi abanye, isibonelo, utamatisi abamnyama, izinsuku 4 ezidingekayo ukuze ifilimu ngiyaquleka. Ngohlobo Lomuntu Okufanele Ube inkomba kule nqubo ukubhubhisa ifilimu fetus. Ilungiselela zethu ezingokwenyama ekutshaleni esizayo ukuze uzoba wazi kahle indlela izinsuku eziningi zihlume utamatisi, futhi bakwazi ukuzilungiselela izitshalo ezisencane kahle.

Ukwephula lokushisa umbuso

Ake sithi wazi kahle ukuthi usuku ihlumela utamatisi, kodwa isikhathi siyaphela futhi amahlumela futhi akukho. Ungagijimeli ukuthumela imbewu ku kudoti. Hlola kuqala ngabe waphawula lokushisa ububanzi adingekayo ukuhluma.

imbewu Non-imila kufanele libekwe efasiteleni, ngoba kukhona akwanele lokushisa eliphezulu salokhu. Ngo enjalo endaweni kufanele sibeke umthamo kuphela uma kuzoba amahlumela.

Bheka phansi. Kufanele kube okuxekethile ngokwanele ukuba nihlwanyele utamatisi uphefumule futhi uyoba nawo amandla anele ukuze ifohle ungqimba emhlabeni.

Hlola umswakama. Ngisho imbewu eyanikeza amagciwane, kodwa engumpristi njalo phezu-ogelezayo nokumanzisa inhlabathi kungaba ukubola futhi bafe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto inani lezinsuku ihlumela utamatisi, kuncike lokutshala ukujula. Inketho ekahle - it is hhayi kokuzifaka emhlabathini, kancane ufafaze kulo mhlabathi omanzi bayigubungele nge ucwecwe.

Futhi ukuthi inani lezinsuku zihlume utamatisi, incike izinga inhlabathi lapho ukutshala imbewu. It is hhayi njalo bathenge umhlaba ingxube anezakhi ezinhle yokudla okunempilo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ekahle - inhlabathi ingxube uye walungisa ngokwakho.

Uma inhlabathi ngezandla zakho akunakwenzeka ke in abampofu ukuhluma futhi yisithombo ukukhula ezimbi ngempela Okuphakelayo utamatisi abasha.

Lapho ukuqoqa imbewu?

Intwasahlobo kokutshala kanjani izithelo eziningi zihlume utamatisi, kuthinte yokuthi baye baqoqa. imbewu Mature kungaba utamatisi ezivuthiwe abomvu. Kodwa ulinde kuze perezreet utamatisi, futhi, ngeke sikwazi. utamatisi kakhulu ngokuvamile overripe ngaphakathi kungase kube imbewu kakade imila. Njengokuvamile, ayifanele zokutshala.

Bangaki imbewu ziqhume siqu? Zonke incike ekhosombeni efanele sombungu yabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, utamatisi sesivuthiwe sisuswa futhi bavunyelwe ukuba alale endaweni epholile izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine. Ngemva kwalokho, athathe imbewu.

Uma sikhuluma kungani kungekho ukuhluma kusuka imbewu uthenge esitolo, isizathu esiyinhloko - ukuthi yisikhathi noma isitoreji engafanele impahla zokutshala.

Amacebo eziwusizo

Abalimi Novice, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangakaze watshala utamatisi cishe akunakwenzeka ukubala inani izithombo kutawudzingeka abamba ukushisa noma abamba ukushisa.

Ngomqondo onabile, awudingi ukuba. Uma uvumela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela ngaphezulu, futhi kuphela ngaphambi nje kokutshala greenhouse ukukhetha izinto eziqine futhi oluhlaza.

Uma uphonsa a izithombo isihawu, kungaba itshalwe ekhanyayo. Ezinye izinhlobo elincane utamatisi bazizwa ngempela okuhle kanye bengaphandle.

Uma sekuvela ukuthi imbewu lachuma ngasekupheleni, futhi ukuhlwanyela entsha akazange abe nesikhathi, ungalilahli ithemba. Ngisho noma utamatisi yakho ngeke ibe isikhathi uvuthwe emvinini, bangase bakhule baze ukuvuthwa futhi ekhaya. Ngenxa yalesi utamatisi oluhlaza ezibekwe izikhwama iphepha futhi uwugcine endaweni epholile emnyama.

Ungakhohlwa ukuqapha ngokucophelela izitshalo ezindala. Uma uqaphela ngezigameko eziningi izimo, kufanele bemba futhi zibhujiswe, kuyilapho abanye sezihlahla akazange abe nesikhathi ukubamba.

Uma ayibi izithombo bebodwa ke, ukuthenga izithombo esitolo, ahlole ngokucophelela zonke ehlathini, njalo leaf. Hhayi ukuthi baqaphe, wena engozini ukuletha yakho indawo ezweni noma inkathazo noma isifo ongabhubhisa namanye amasiko.

Asanda kuluthola izithombo efiselekayo ubamba isikhathi esithile e ngokuhlukaniswa, kude nezinye imifino. Uma uqinisekise ukuthi utamatisi abasha enhle, singamkhonza ngokuphumelela ikusebenzise lonke izitshalo.

omakhelwane okungafuneki utamatisi

Ngaphezu imibono mayelana nokuthi kungani hhayi zihlume utamatisi, ngalokhu isiko akusho ubuhlungu ukufunda futhi enye into. Utamatisi azithandi ziphila ndawonye nezinkawu nezingwenya ezinye yemifino kanye nezitshalo Ornamental. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni nge amazambane kanye daffodils nethonya elilimazayo fruiting notamatisi.

Kodwa izitshalo ezifana marigolds, ukuhlobisa hhayi kuphela ngadi, kodwa futhi nokuvikela utamatisi kusuka nezilokazane (isib nematodes). Atshalwe eduze utamatisi, u-garlic kanye basil uyophinde angenze izinambuzane engadingeki. Abalimi abanolwazi ukuncoma ukuchelela njalo ngesonto ukumnika garlic notamatisi.