Izinkolo oMdala eNdiya yasendulo (kafushane)

India - izwe nge eyinqaba, isiko umnandi kakhulu futhi izinkolelo ayo yasekuqaleni. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwelinye izwe - ngaphandle mhlawumbe ukuthi waseGibhithe lasendulo futhi Greece - kukhona izinganekwane eziningi kangaka futhi izindaba imibhalo. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa kule nhlonhlo sombuso isintu. Abanye basikisela ukuthi leli lizwe - ongomunye wezindlalifa esemqoka ye amasiko abantu Aryan abafika lapha kusukela Arctis efile. izinkolo oMdala lasendulo India - Vedism - kamuva ashintshwa aba Hinduism ukhona namuhla.

Umlando waseNdiya emfushane

lasendulo populating izizwe ezwekazini laseNdiya wathutha evela ekuzingeleni futhi ubutha nezolimo bahlalele ayizinkulungwane 6-7. BC. e. Lwathi luphela ayizinkulungwane 3. Kulezi zindawo kukhona kakade isiko athuthukile ezisemadolobheni-uhlobo zokuhlala. ibizwa ngokuthi "Harappan" Izazi zanamuhla. Lokhu impucuko yathatha cishe ngemva kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Emadolobheni Harappan Indian asendulo athuthukiswe kahle izikebhe kwakukhona nesigaba sezicebi abathengisi. Yini engalungile ngalokhu isiko - alaziwa. Abanye abacwaningi baye bacabanga ukuthi kwakukhona inhlekelele ezinkulu, kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amadolobha acebile kwalesi sikhathi, nganoma isiphi isizathu, baziqhubekela yimali futhi bashiywa.

Ngemva kwalokho, e-India isikhathi eside lalibuswa amakhosi ohlanga Muslim. Ngo-1526, kula masimu yanqoba Khan Babur, ngemva kwalokho India aba ingxenye yaleso mbuso omkhulu we Mughals. Ezaqedwa isimo kwaba kuphela 1858 by bamakoloni British.

Umlando wenkolo

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka kuleli zwe uye walandela njalo nomunye:

• inkolo amaVeda of eNdiya yasendulo.
• Hinduism. Kuze kube manje, le nkolo evelele e-India. abalandeli bayo ingaphezu 80% wesibalo sabantu.
• Buddhism. Namuhla Ukuvunywa labantu.

izinkolelo ekuseni

Vedism - inkolo endala ka eNdiya yasendulo. Ezinye izazi zisikisela ukuthi wafika kuleli zwe ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukunyamalala nokuqhakaza enkulu isimo lasendulo - Arctis. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona version olusemthethweni, kodwa empeleni kakhulu futhi kuchaza okuningi. Ngokusho lo mbono, kudala ngezizathu ezingaziwa, uye sigudluke-eksisi emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kushintshe isimo sezulu kungazelelwe kakhulu. Ngo Arctida elise noma ku-North Pole, noma ezifundeni yesimanje polar yezwekazi kwakubanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ayehlala Arias wakhe baphoqwa ukuba uthuthele maqondana yenkabazwe. Ezinye zazo waya Ephakathi futhi Yuzhnyy Ural, wakha umuzi lapha Observatory, bese - kuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Enye ingxenye wathuthela ngaphesheya eScandinavia futhi le Valdai Hills. Ngo ukwakheka emasikweni amaNdiya inkolo ukuwo egatsheni wesithathu, okuyinto kwafinyelela mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi kamuva exovwe abakhileyo zomdabu zalezi zindawo - Dravidians.

Umqondo oyisisekelo

Eqinisweni, Vedism - inkolo endala ka eNdiya yasendulo - kuyinto esigabeni sokuqala Hinduism. It engakaze lalikhona ezweni lonke, kodwa kuphela ingxenye - Uttar futhi East Punjab. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, kulapha kanye Vedism ozalwa. Ukuze baleli inkolo besihambisana nesiminyaminya deification wayo yonke imvelo sisonke izingxenye zayo ezithile ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile. A wokwehlayo ecacile konkulunkulu Vedism ayikho. Izwe lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko - umhlaba, isibhakabhaka futhi ububanzi Lesisemkhatsini - antarizhnu (uqhathanise ngokoqobo Slavic, Navyu nesokudla). Ngayinye yalezi imihlaba ukuhlangabezana onkulunkulu. Liyahlonishwa futhi umdali main - Purusha.

Veda

Yileyo inkolo endala ka eNdiya yasendulo, thina kafushane ukukhuluma nawe. Ngokulandelayo, ake ukubhekana yini Vedas - umbhalo ngisho nezinhlobo eziyisisekelo.

Okwamanje, le ncwadi ingenye imisebenzi endala engcwele. Kukholakala ukuthi zeminyaka Vedas zadluliselwa kuphela ngomlomo - kumfundisi ukuba umfundi. eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, Vyasadeva esikweyoku utlole wabo. Le ncwadi, okuyinto manje empeleni bayakholelwa Vedas, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine (Turia) - "Rig Veda", "Sama", "Yajur Veda" futhi "Atharva Veda".

Uqukethe umsebenzi amazwi aphindaphindwayo kanye amaculo, ezibhaliwe evesini nabasebenzi kunayo yonke wesiqondiso abapristi Indian (imithetho imishado, noma kweminye imikhosi). Futhi-ke has a ukupela ukwelapha abantu futhi enze zonke izinhlobo yamasiko imilingo. Mythology and inkolo eNdiya yasendulo axhunyaniswa eduze kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu Vedas, le Puranas ukuphi. Zichaza umlando yokudalwa kwendawo yonke, futhi uhlu lozalo amakhosi Indian namaqhawe.

Ukuvela izinkolelo Hindu

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkolo endala ka eNdiya yasendulo - Vedism - siguqulelwa Hinduism yesimanje. Lokhu kwakubangelwa, ngokusobala, ikakhulukazi ekuqiniseni kancane kancane ithonya ekuphileni esesidlangalaleni lombhalo Brahmin. Inkolo olusha usungula yokwehlayo ecacile onkulunkulu. UMdali kuziwa ziza kuqala. Kukhona ubuthathu - Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. Brahma ukudlala indima umdali kwemithetho kwezenhlalo futhi ikakhulukazi umqalisi division of umphakathi ku castes. Vishnu likhulekelwa njengoba uMvikeli abakhulu Shiva - unkulunkulu-like ngumbhubhisi. Kancane kancane, ubuHindu kukhona izinkomba ezimbili. Vaishnavism uthi ayisishiyagalombili Uzalo Vishnu emhlabeni. Omunye avatar ngesikhathi esifanayo ubhekwa Krishna, elinye - Buddha. Abameleli mkhuba yesibili - ihlelo Shiva - ikakhulukazi ohlonishwayo unkulunkulu ekubhujisweni, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka ngesikhathi esifanayo umxhasi wenzalo kanye nezinkomo.

Iqhaza benkolo ephezulu wamaHindu waqala ukudlala eNdiya Ephakathi. Ngenxa yalokho-ke isekhona kuze kube yilolu suku. I bale nkolo ukholwa ukuthi awukwazi ube wamaHindu. Kungaba kuphela azalwe. Lokho Varna kuyinto (indima social lomuntu) - yilokho iyanikezwa futhi preordained konkulunkulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayikwazi ukushintshwa.

Uhlelo social varnasrama-dharna

Ngakho, enye inkolo elisencwadini yasendulo eNdiya yasendulo - Hinduism, waba yindlalifa ngokuqinile emasikweni amaningi nemicikilisho izinkolelo odlule. Ikakhulu, i-division of umphakathi Indian ku castes kwaphakama ezinsukwini Vedism. Ngaphezu amaqembu amane yezenhlalakahle (Brahmins, kshtarii, vaisyas futhi Sudras), ngokusho le nkolo, zikhona oda ezine kwempilo engokomoya. Isiteji yokufunda libizwa Brahmacharya, kokuphila komphakathi nokomkhaya - Grhastha, ukunakekelwa ozolandela kusukela eziwubala - Vanaprastha futhi esigabeni sokugcina ukuphila nokukhanyiselwa yokugcina - Sannyas.

Noma ubani wadala varnasrama-dharna, ngendlela enjalo ngaphambilini zokuphila usekhona emhlabeni kuze kube manje. Kunoma yiliphi izwe, kukhona abapristi (Brahmins), abaqondisi kanye lempi (kshtarii), osomabhizinisi (vaisyas) kanye nabasebenzi (Sudras). Lesi sigaba ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlela bese ukudala ukuzwana nabantu abantu izimo eziningi wajula khona ithuba nokuthuthukisa.

Ngeshwa, e-India varnashrama dharna kuze kube sesikhathini sethu phansi kakhulu. Lesi sigaba eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ku castes (futhi kuncike lokuzalwa), ezikhona namuhla, kuphambene Umqondo oyisisekelo imfundiso isidingo sokukhula ngokomoya komuntu.

Inkolo sidilizwa India kafushane: ukuvela Buddhism

Lena enye inkolelo evame kakhulu kule nhlonhlo. Buddhism - olungavamile kakhulu emhlabeni wenkolo. Iqiniso lokuthi, ngokungafani kuya ubuKristu efanayo, umsunguli sehlelo - kuba ubuntu zomlando. UMdali lokhu okwamanje ngempela imfundiso evamile (hhayi kuphela e-India) Sidgartha Shanyamuni wazalwa ngo 563 emzini Lumbene e kshtariya umndeni. Wabe usubizwa ngokuthi uBuddha ngemva kokuba sebethole ukukhanyiselwa eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-40.

Inkolo kanye ifilosofi eNdiya yasendulo Selokhu sashada unkulunkulu othile, hhayi njengoba ukujezisa noma miluyuschuyu amandla, futhi njengoba umuntu oyisibonelo, uhlobo "beacon" self. Buddhism ngokuphelele belahla umqondo ka kwasekelwa izwe yinoma yimuphi noMdali. I adepts bale nkolo ukukholelwa ukuthi umuntu angase bathembele kuphela egameni yami, ukuhlupheka awuthunyelwa kuye phezulu, zibangelwa amaphutha akhe, kanye nokungakwazi ukulahla izifiso zezwe. Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla izinkolo Indian ngaphambili, ubuBuddha liqukethe umqondo sensindiso, okungukuthi, ekufezeni Nirvana.

Ukuxoxa nesiko laseNtshonalanga

EYurophu, isiko nenkolo eNdiya yasendulo isikhathi eside ayikaziwa. Qala ukuxhumana lezi emihlabeni emibili engafani kakhulu sabekwa kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Ukuzinikela kwabo usizo kakhulu le nqubo eyenziwe osaziwayo ezifana Helena Blavatsky, uNicholas Elena Rerihi, nabanye.

Namuhla abantu abaningi eyaziwa komunye izibikezelo Vanga sika ku-India. Umprofethikazi abadumile babekholelwa ukuthi maduze umhlaba bayobuyela izimfundiso eminingi yasendulo. Futhi kuvela nje India. Mayelana naye ukubhala amabhuku amasha, wayimboza emhlabeni wonke.

Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe isisekelo sezinkolelo elisha lesikhathi esizayo ngeke ngempela kube inkolo lasendulo yeNdiya. "Fire iBhayibheli," kubikezela Wang, "umbala omhlophe nje avikele Emhlabeni," ngokufanayo ukuthi abantu basindiswe. Mhlawumbe ngisho ngomsebenzi abadumile eyabhalwa Roerichs - Yoga Agni. "Agni" elihunyushwe ngokuthi "umlilo".

Culture of India Lasendulo

Inkolo namasiko eNdiya yasendulo - lomkhuba uhlobene eduze. izwe Otherworldly ezingaqondakali wonkulunkulu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi imisebenzi abaculi Indian, Okugweda ngisho abaklami. Ngisho esikhathini sethu ngamunye umkhiqizo wawo master bavame ukwenza okuqukethwe ezijulile, umbono ezithile iqiniso kwangaphakathi, ingasaphathwa sezingcweti lasendulo.

Ngeshwa, imidwebo yasendulo Indian kanye nemidwebo safinyelela kithi kancane kakhulu. Kodwa kuleli zwe kukhona lenqwaba ukubaza zomlando eziligugu kanye esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo lasendulo. Lokho kuphela zikhona, isibonelo, omkhulu Ellorskie emigedeni Kailasa ithempeli elihle kakhulu elalizothatha maphakathi. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona izithombe ngokubabazekayo yaphezulu Trimurti Brahma-Vishnu-Shiva.

Ngakho, sizokwenza ukuthola ukuthi yini inkolo eminingi yasendulo ka eNdiya yasendulo - kuyinto Vedism. Kuvele kamuva Hinduism nobuBuddha yentuthuko yayo futhi ukuqhubeka. Izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo eNdiya zibe nomthelela omkhulu hhayi kuphela isiko kodwa futhi nokuphila emphakathini uwonke. Esikhathini sethu, kuleli zwe namanje okuthakazelisayo kokuvamile, esiyingqayizivele, yasekuqaleni futhi ngokungafani nanoma yiliphi elinye izwe emhlabeni.