Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni: igama, izincazelo, izindawo

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma mayelana ukwehluka yezinyoni emhlabeni okungavamile. Kuye ngezigaba, kukhona phakathi 9800 kuya 10050 zezinyoni yesimanje. Uma ucabanga ngakho, lokhu kuyinto sibalo umxhwele.

Umsuka izinyoni

Isayensi yanamuhla uthi izinyoni savela kusukela ezihuquzelayo lasendulo. Kuleli qophelo ezinye izici ezivamile isakhiwo nge ezihuquzelayo: isikhumba esomile, izimpaphe, izikali like ngokwesibonelo, isilwane esihuquzelayo, ukufana kwamazwi imibungu, amaqanda.

Mangisho ukuthi Jurassic kwaba ifomu Intermediate phakathi izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokuthi lwatholakala kuyi-archaeopteryx. Ekupheleni kwe-Mesozoic, kukhona izinyoni yangempela. izinyoni Modern babe izici zayo eqhubekayo kwehlukaniswe ezihuquzelayo. It yasungulwa izinhlaka ukuzwa, umbono, kusebentisana ukunyakaza ne izikhungo ezithile e cortex cerebral, ukubukeka esinegazi elifudumele, ngenxa yezinguquko amasistimu sezinzwa futhi zokuphefumula, khona inhliziyo emine chambered namaphaphu sithambile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni

Manje izwe inyoni wehlukile kakhulu. Zonke izinyoni zingahlukaniswa zibe ezintathu superorder:

1. Ratites. Iningi amalungu aleli qembu amaphiko kabi athuthukile. Lezi izinyoni musani ukundiza, kodwa bayakwazi ngokushesha futhi kahle ukusebenzisa. Isibonelo okuphawuleka nentshe Afrika lohlala amathafa, lulwimi ezingwadule futhi emaqeleni Afrika, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika.
2. Penguins. Leli qembu uyindlala. Amalungu ayo baphile ikakhulukazi e Nenkabazwe eningizimu, ogwini Antarctica. Lezi zinyoni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza, kodwa ukubhukuda kahle. forelimbs yabo modified zibe emaphikweni. Penguins phezu eqhweni ezihambayo esimweni mpo faka futhi uthathelwe umsila. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi abazi akha izidleke. Baqhubeka iqanda ku nolwelwesi yezingalo nemilenze, uwafihle ngaphansi emphethweni okunayo kwesisu. Ngokuvamile okusezingeni eliphezulu amafutha ungqimba kuvikela penguins abandayo ngokumelene.
3. Keel. Leli qembu likhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amayunithi engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. It passerines, kurinoobraznye, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Iziqophamithi nokunye. D.

Njengengxenye lesi sihloko sifuna ukukhombisa ukuhlukahluka izinyoni zezibonelo eziqondile abanye abameleli emhlabeni enezimpiko, besina phakathi kwayo yonke inkulumo akunakwenzeka.

intshe

Afrika nentshe - inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphambili, ayephathwa ngayo, kanye nezinye ezihlobene zilwane, rheas futhi emus. Nokho, abacwaningi yesimanje attribute them oda angawodwana. Ngakho manje, kusukela iphuzu zesayensi of umbono kunendlela eyodwa kuphela intshe real - Afrika.

Into yokuqala ukuthi bayamangala ku inyoni, ngakho-ke kwaba usayizi wakhe omkhulu. Ukuphakama akusiyo esingaphansi amahhashi enkulu. Intshe ukuphakama zokhahlamba kusuka amamitha 1.8 2.7, futhi nesisindo 75 kg. Kukhona ngisho nabesilisa ezinkulu, okuyinto nesisindo 131 amakhilogremu. Ngokwemvelo, iningi ukukhula ifikile kusukela entanyeni nasemilenzeni. Inhloko inyoni, kunalokho, lincane kakhulu, fana ncane than ubuchopho i intshe, lokubonakala intelligence wezinyoni.

Kwezimpaphe zezinyoni sikhule ngokulinganayo wonke umzimba, futhi empeleni iningi izinyoni ezibekwe phezu imigqa ekhethekile okuthiwa pteriliyami. izintshe Afrika abanalo keel, kodwa ngoba aguqulelwe indiza. Kodwa imilenze umsebenzi oncomekayo kanye nokugijima. Le nyoni has a imilenze emide kakhulu ezicutshini kakhulu athuthukile of the imilenze. On umlenze ngamunye kukhona iminwe emibili kuphela. Omunye usayizi omkhulu nge uzipho, ezinye ezincane. Umunwe wesibili isiza ukugcina ukulinganisela lapho egijima.

On umzimba, umsila kanye amaphiko izinyoni nezimpaphe eziningi, kodwa ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane imilenze babe kuphela emfushane phansi, kubonakala sengathi bahamba-ze. Abesilisa nabesifazane kuhluke Afrika nentshe izimpaphe Umbala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukene kungase kudingeke coloration ezahlukene imilenze kanye umlomo.

Habitat nentshe Afrika

Intshe Afrika uhlala cishe kulo lonke i-Afrika, ngeke kutholakale kuphela Sahara naseNyakatho Afrika. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho le nyoni waphila indawo eseduze nezwekazi lase-Afrika, iSiriya no eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya.

Ngokuvamile izikhova uncamela emathafeni evulekile. Bona bahlala nasemahlathini ezomile, amathafa aluhlaza, lulwimi ezingwadule. Kodwa emahlozini, moorland, ehlane esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila yini angayithandi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona abakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini okusezingeni eliphezulu lwengubo lapho egijima. Bahola ukuphila umzimba, ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane. Kakhulu akuvamile ukupakisha ingase ihlanganise abantu kufika ku-50, futhi zingase zidle kanye antelopes kanye namadube. Esikhathini iphakethe akukho nto oyibukayo ngeke iphele, kodwa yokwehlayo ecacile ebusa. Abasezikhundleni ubambe umsila nentamo uqotho nabameleli buthaka - obliquely. inyoni umsebenzi iboniswa kuhwelela, ebusuku, futhi ngesikhathi sokushisa kosuku yokuphumula.

Izintshe ayisithutha ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye - niqaphelisise. Phakathi nesidlo, bahlalele uqalaza ngapha nangapha, ohlola ezizungeze. Ukubona isitha, basuke isuswe ngokushesha engasafuni ukubhekana umhlaseli. Sinenkosi abukhali kakhulu. Isitha bayakwazi uqaphele ikhilomitha. Izilwane eziningi ukuqapha ukuziphatha i intshe, uma bona abe nombono omuhle kangaka. Intshe ikwazi ukuthuthukisa ijubane amakhilomitha 70 ngehora, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, futhi kufika ku-90 ngehora.

undlunkulu

Ukukhuluma ngalokho ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni emhlabeni, siye omele enkulu omunye kencanikhulu - ukuba nondlunkulu. Kithi, inyoni okunjalo ejwayelene kusukela ebuntwaneni. Sparrow - inyoni asabalele emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni. Ungishiya usayizi encane, enesisindo 20 kuya 35 amagremu. Bird ingena vrobinoobraznyh lamabutho, okuyinto, ngaphezu kwakhe, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5000 zilwane. Omele elikhulu leli qembu - negwababa, kanye kencanikhulu - Wren.

Sparrow - inyoni lethiwa ezikhathini zasendulo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni abathanda raid Amasimu zabalimi. Uyazixosha, abantu babememeza ngokumemeza "isela hit."

izinhlobo ezimbili ondlunkulu ezitholakala Russia: indlu (idolobha) angadle ngabuhle obutheni. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi lolu hlobo izinyoni has a isakhiwo ekhethekile samehlo, ubone umhlaba wonke lezi zinyoni in pink. Lo mzwilili usuku ibusa amanani abalulekile amandla, futhi-ke abakwazi ukuzila ukudla izinsuku engaphezu kwemibili.

kondlunkulu

Bird izimpaphe ube nsundu ngemivimbo black longitudinal. Ubude ingeqi nesikhombisa amasentimitha, balinganise akukho kuka 35 amagremu. Cabanga emhlabeni kuhlaba ezihlukahlukene ngakho futhi ezicebile kuphela londlunkulu seliphindeke izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-16 kwezinhlobo. Uma inyoni kutholakala kuphela enyakatho Yurophu. Kodwa-ke kancane kancane ondlunkulu ixazululwe cishe wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Arctic. Manje kuyabonakala noma eNingizimu Afrika, eMelika, e-Australia, lapho bebehlala khona: bawungenisa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ondlunkulu njalo axazulule eduze indoda phila khona ixazululwe. Futhi kuphela izinyoni abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho more uthuthele ku ebusika e climes ukufudumala.

Ondlunkulu - engumngane engunaphakade phakathi komuntu. Basuke izimpawu okuzala eliphezulu. Ngesisekelo ukudla kwabo ukudla isitshalo. Kodwa izinyoni zibanjwa izinambuzane sivikele amachwane alo antekenteke yabo. Emadolobheni amancane, lezi zinyoni zindiza emasimini ukukhetha imbewu laphaya. Ngezinye izikhathi wondlunkulu Peck izihlahla zezithelo kanye berry, kanjalo enza umonakalo kubantu.

Kolunye ehlobo kungaletha ezizukulwaneni ezimbili noma ngisho ezintathu inzalo.

nonogolantethe

Stork - inyoni engajwayelekile. Sekuyisikhathi eside uphawu lokuthula emhlabeni. White inyoni enhle kangaka futhi ngomusa ukuthi ngaye iculo eziningi sakhiwa netinkondlo. Umkhaya storks emelelwa zilwane nambili. Lena abantu esikhundleni esikhulu. Lapho isikhulile befinyelela imitha ubude, has namaphiko ngamamitha amabili. Zonke storks babe nemilenze emide, intamo kanye umlomo.

Ziyakwazi ezivamile cishe wonke amazwekazi. Bahlala hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele. Labo abantu ezihlala ezindaweni efudumele, musa ngimuke ebusika, kuyilapho abanye bebehamba Afrika naseNdiya. Phila yenkukhu iminyaka engamashumi amabili.

Lezi zilwane esaziwa kakhulu kuyinto nonogolantethe emhlophe. Izinyoni ngayo umhlaba kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, njengoba kufakazelwa imivubukulo. Lolu hlobo cishe buthule, ngoba ongakasetshenzwa ngokuphelele yezwi.

Storks kuthiwa lalidume nokukhuthazela kwabo, ngoba bayakwazi ukwenza izindiza eside.

Indlela Yokuphila nezinkukhu umsoco kuncike kule ndawo. White Stork ukhetha elisezansi izimfunda kanye emaxhaphozini. Ngezinye izikhathi ezinza ku uphahla lwemizi yama-, okwenza kube esidlekeni. Zidla on ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni: izibankwa, amaxoxo, izinambuzane, amagundane amancane. Stork - inyoni enhle futhi muhle.

ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi

Swan - inyoni emhlophe esanqoba zonke ubuhle bayo kanye nobuhle. Wathola iqembu elincane izinyoni owaziwa kuhlanganisa 7 zilwane. Ngokuvamile, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi basonta umndeni amadada, futhi izihlobo zabo abaseduze kakhulu goose Brant.

Swans - iyona enkulu kunazo zonke Waterfowl izinyoni zasendle. Nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili. Izinyoni abe nentamo ende kakhulu futhi ikhululekile, ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi libhekene ekwakhiweni yayo ekhethekile. Imilenze zinyoni short ngokwanele futhi ifakwe ekhethekile ukubhukuda ulwelwesi. On izwe bahambe kubonakala enganakiwe. Indlala amafutha izinyoni inike ukuphila kube mnandi kuphela ekhethekile, lapho izimpaphe musa cwilisa emanzini.

Zonke ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi babe Umbala efanayo - omhlophe, dada elimnyama futhi uhluke kuphela.

Bahlala khona iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia nase-Australia. Ngokuvamile axazulule loMfula amadamu, lapho kungaba namachibi encane, futhi umkhathi enkulu yamanzi, efana zemifula noma amatheku.

Zonke ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi zingahlukaniswa zibe eningizimu nasenyakatho. South usephila impilo umzimba, futhi kufanele fly enyakatho ebusika. Eurasia izinyoni ebusika e-South nase-Asia Ephakathi, futhi US ngidlulise nobusika eCalifornia Florida.

izinyoni bukhoma ngokuvamile ngababili. Ziyakwazi onesimo onokuthula ezolile. Amazwi ka izinyoni amakholi anele, kodwa bakhonza umsindo kukalutshwana kakhulu, kodwa swan thulisa ubengase ikhwelo uma ingozi.

Njengoba izinyoni zisebenzisa ukudla izinso, imbewu kanye izimpande izitshalo emanzini, utshani kanye ezingenamgogodla ezincane zasemanzini. Okuphakelayo basuke amanzi, ezijulile ezingena ikhanda. Kodwa izinyoni abakwazi ungene.

bee-hummingbird

Saxoxa yokuthi nentshe Afrika - iyona inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke. I-hummingbird luncane-bee. Le nyoni-Cuban akuyona kuphela amancane emhlabeni, kodwa futhi uye kulencane kakhulu isidalwa ezinegazi elifudumele Emhlabeni. Iduna has a ubude ngamasentimitha hhayi ningi than ezinhlanu futhi akukho-paper clip ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho ezimbili, ngesisindo. Kodwa abesifazane kukhona inkudlwana. Igama ngokwayo isikisela ukuthi lezi zinyoni ngokwako akusisizi ezingaphezu kuka bee.

Ngisho nenyoni encane kunazo - isidalwa kakhulu futhi fast ezinamandla. wings Shiny kubukeke sengathi elinqabileyo. Nokho, akuyona into ebonakalayo kwesinye isikhathi umbala emibalabala konke kuncike engela wokubuka.

Naphezu ubukhulu ezincane, inyoni udlala indima ebalulekile kabusha izitshalo. It izimpukane kusuka kwenye imbali kuya ukubuthwa umpe lezi yayo mncane, ngesikhathi esifanayo edlulisela impova kusuka kwenye imbali kuya. Ngosuku olulodwa, kancane bee ukuvakashelwa komunye nengxenye ayizinkulungwane izimbali.

Kolibri ukwakha ngokwayo isokhethi inkomishi emise akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 2.5 amasentimitha ububanzi. Bona trudge emagxolweni, ulele futhi cobwebs. Bona inyoni izalela amaqanda amabili amancane nenkundla ipea.

izinyoni zasehlathini

Lapha kulapho kungena khona ungase uqaphele ukwehluka samanje izinyoni, ngakho-ke kuba ehlathini. Phela, iyikhaya izinyoni eziningi. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana inombolo wabo okungavamile. Lapha izinyoni zasendle sifake izidleke zazo emagatsheni awo, thola ukudla yabo ngokuthini sivikele amachwane alo antekenteke. kwamahlamvu aminyene ivikela izinyoni ezitheni nasezilwaneni sezulu esibi. Ukulula sinqamula ihlathi, ungezwa ezihlukahlukene amazwi zezinyoni, thina ungaziboni kodwa uzwe umculo wazo omnandi futhi ajwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni "Cuckoo".

Yini izinyoni ezihlala emahlathini zethu? Izwe izinyoni kuzo ecebe kangaka, kunzima kubala zonke izinhlobo. Asikhumbule kuphela edume kunazo: grouse Iziqophamithi, nutcracker, amahlolamvula, izikhova, nightingale, grouse emnyama izikhova, cuckoos, izinkozi, udali, nutcrackers, ama-blood orange, flycatcher, chickadees, oklebe, crossbill, piggy nabanye abaningi. Ihlathi izinyoni baye ngiyijwayele impilo emahlozini ehlathi. Ngamunye zilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezisengozini ezithile kuleli zwe, endaweni ejwayelekile bona. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngokuphelele zonke izinyoni zasehlathini ephila endaweni efanayo, kodwa phakathi kwabo kukhona nalabo abanukubeza izingane esesabekayo, nezinyoni ngokuphelele ayinangozi futhi amancane kakhulu. Nje inhlanganisela emangalisayo.

ivuba ezivamile

Kingfisher - inyoni encane ngezimpaphe elikhanyayo. umbala izimpaphe isuka amnyama imihlane blue elikhanyayo orange esiswini. Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i ivuba kuyinto evamile: eside futhi iqonde. Izinsikazi ezincane kuno kwabesilisa. Lungisa izinyoni ogwini imifula, amadamu, amachibi amakhulu ukusakaza. Ngokuvamile, kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona okuthulile, kwamanzi agelezayo.

Kodwa wenze izidleke zabo phezu amabhange emaweni phakathi sezihlahla. Kingfisher ngempela kahle futhi uzizwe ezintabeni, ngezinye izikhathi selyas khona.

Laba bobabili yezinyoni nibuthana kuphela yokukhwelana. Ensimini ka-Russia - imayelana kwesigamu April wesibili, ngemva nje ebuya sezulu esishisayo. abesilisa izidleke nabesifazane umbe ngoqhwaku, imilenze phansi liyaphambuka. Mink ngokuvamile etholakala eduze kwamanzi futhi ingabonakali kahle amagatsha.

Eqinisweni Okumangalisayo ukuthi balale yakho kingfisher ukubuyela zezinkathi eziningana. Ngaphakathi akuyona njengoba izidleke ezinjalo, amaqanda ngqo emhlabathini. Ngezikhathi ezithile kukhona enye udoti. Ngokuvamile, Insikazi ibekela amaqanda eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi eziyishumi. La maqanda achanyuselwa ngokulandelana, omunye ngemva komunye, iduna nensikazi.

Phakathi kingfisher abe imiphakathi ezifudukayo futhi umzimba. Ziyakwazi ezivamile, i-Eurasia, e-Indonesia futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, e-New Zealand.

Kingfisher hlala kuphela mayelana amanzi ahlanzekile, ngakho ingasetshenziswa ukwahlulela degree kwabo ubumsulwa.

On isibonelo esicashunwe yezinyoni kungabonwa ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo. Yehluka nomunye hhayi kuphela ukubukeka, kodwa futhi indlela yokuphila nemikhuba, nakuba bonke basonta suborder efanayo.