Izinhlangano zamazwe zezimali, essence yabo emnothweni emakethe emhlabeni

Market - akuyona isiqondiso kwezomnotho kuphela ngaphakathi esimweni esithile. Izwe lonke has a Ukubambisana eduze emikhakheni izici zezombangazwe, zenhlalo nezomnotho namanye zokuphila. ubudlelwane Monetary futhi credit phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili kukhona nomninikhaya okokuqala kuyingxenye enzima kakhulu eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Khangela, basibekele izinkinga ukuthuthukiswa wonke umphakathi jikelele kanye lamazwe ngamanye. With ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane emakethe bese ugelezela kakhudlwana ngokwezimali phakathi kwamazwe. Ngesisekelo lezi ubudlelwane eziyimisebenzi izikhungo zezimali zomhlaba.

Basuke ezakhiwe isivumelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Injongo izikhungo sinjalo ukulawula nekulawulwa ukuthengiselana ezomnotho kanye zezimali ikakhulukazi phakathi uthi ngabanye. Kukhona futhi izikhungo zezimali emhlabeni ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe.

Saqala ubudlelwane international yezimali nge indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi Bank for International Settlements. Kwathi ngo-1930 e Basel. Ngesikhathi inhloko yalo mkhankaso kwakungamadodana Bank of Italy, eNgilandi, Japan, eBelgium, eJalimane futhi US amabhange eziningana ezinkulu. Injongo ebhange onjalo kwakuyiNkosi lula esivumelwaneni eJalimane phezu izikweletu impi nokubambisana zezimali esikhathini esizayo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.
Kusukela ngo-1979, ibhange waba phakathi amazwe ilungu European uhlelo yemali. It lula izibalo eziphathelene nokuthengiswa kokusebenza e zamalahle nensimbi. Amasevisi we yasebhange emazweni angaba ngu-30 indawo yaseYurophu.

International Monetary Fund, lokhu ingenye izinhlangano eyinhloko kulesi sigaba. It has sihlobene ngokuqondile imisebenzi UN. Isisekelo yasungulwa ngo-1944, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe waqala kuphela ngo-1947. Ihhovisi Foundation itholakala e-Washington, kodwa futhi unalo igama legatsha eParis.

IMF kuhlukaniswe ayisihlanu: Europe, Asia, e-Afrika, e-Eastern futhi ama- Western.

Njengoba nazo zonke izinhlangano eziningi zezimali zomhlaba, kuyasiza ngcono kwezohwebo ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili, yekusungulwa kwebudlelwane yemali, ulawula exchange rate futhi ilawula yonke inethiwekhi zezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sikhwama bekulokhu ukwabiwa kwezimali uthi umuntu ukuba silinganisele solvency yabo.

IMF uhlelo lwezimali kusekelwe iminikelo yemali eyenziwa emazweni ubulungu bayo. Bona kuxhomeke degree ukuthuthukiswa ezimakethe kanye neminotho lezi uthi. Phatha abameleli Isikhwama kusuka ezweni ngalinye njalo ngonyaka abahlangana ndawonye ukuba ibhekane nezinselelo.

Kodwa lokhu akulona nje international inhlangano valyutnofinansovye.
Enye yasebhange ekwakhiweni kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi ukubaluleka ngamazwe ihlelwe yiZizwe Ezihlangene futhi isiza emazweni ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho. Linikeza nemalimboleko futhi izikweletu ukuze States abadinga usizo. imali ebhange sika lalinabashumayeli ukubolekisa ngezibopho kanye nokulingana.

Njengoba isikhungo asizayo usethe kulandela ngamazwe izikhungo zezimali emhlabeni-class: International Finance Corporation ezingeni, i-Association for Development and Investment Isiqinisekiso Agency. bona zonke ukusiza IBRD.

I-European Union Ubuye izikhungo ayo ngamazwe zezimali kuleli zinga.
Lezi zihlanganisa European Investment Bank, esinikela ayeyiboleke umnotho wezwe emuva, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo zokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa isimo.

European Monetary Cooperation Isikhwama inikeza ukubolekisa emazweni ayingxenye ye-European Union for the ukuthengiselana lwemali.

I-European Bank neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa abasisizayo ekufezeni kwekuhlela kabusha eYurophu, okuyinto yenzelwa ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane emakethe.
Njengoba singabona, imisebenzi weemali ka alolu ihlose ukukhuthaza nokuthuthukisa umnotho emazweni onke iqhaza. Izenzakalo uthi ezihlukahlukene atehlukaniseki emakethe emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba silondoloze i ibhalansi elilungile emakethe izwe zezimali zomhlaba.