Izibuyekezo. Ibhokisi-irobhothi imoto: kanjani ukuyisebenzisa?

Ukuthuthukiswa embonini yezimoto is hhayi emi namanje. Abantu abazama ukuthuthukisa ukuphila kwakho, kukwenze kube mnandi futhi elula. abakhiqizi Car ozama wengeze lula ushayela amakhasimende abo. Ngale ndlela, njalo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obehlukene. Ngakho, bamba othomathikhi iye enamathiselwe gearbox lokukhanda. Ukungeza lezi zinto ezimbili ndawonye, onjiniyela baye bathola okuthiwa ukudluliswa robotized, esihlanganisa zonke emihle nemibi lokubolekwa. Abantu futhi wazi igama "ibhokisi-irobhothi."

Design of gearbox

Ukuthola izici zalesi design, kubalulekile ukuba sinake labo ukubuyekezwa. Leli robhothi kudinga ibhokisi ethize nge ukwelashwa, kodwa ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani isidingo ukuqonda isakhiwo yayo.

Ngokusho incazelo kwangaphambilini ubungacabanga ukuthi isakhiwo sonke kuyinto umshini elula nge control ekhethekile. Nokho, akuyona. Ake sihlole kabanzi lolu daba.

Umklamo kusekelwe ibhokisi mechanical, okuyinto, ngokubona kokubili ochwepheshe kanye jikelele ukushayela labantu, kubhekwa kunokwethenjelwa ukudlula othomathikhi. Lokhu kungenziwa kuqondwe ngokufunda Izibuyekezo inthanethi. Ibhokisi-irobhothi likwazi idivayisi ekhethekile. Ziyakwazi ezidingekayo ukuze ngawakhamela out ijubane ushintsho bamba.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi usebenzisa ukudluliswa ezivamile manual, umshayeli ikhetha isikhathi usuke. Ukuze enze lokhu, agxile kulokho okwenzeka endleleni bese usebenzisa isinyathelo bamba ihambisana ukudluliswa isigwedlo uqobo. Uma kwenziwa idivayisi entsha ukuthi bekulokhu impikiswano kusuka kumazwana kwabashayeli, robot ibhokisi wazibonakalisa uhlangothi oluhlukile ngokuphelele. Kwanqunywa ukuwakhipha kusuka inqubo echazwe ngenhla, isenzo ngqo umshayeli. Zonke usuke ebalulekile ihlinzeka ikhompyutha. amayunithi Special, actuators isifakiwe ukusebenza ngempumelelo robot. Ngenxa kubo, futhi sebekwazi eshintshashintshayo, okuyinto iholwa computer ngokwawo.

Ukwahlulela ukubuyekezwa, abathengi waphawula okumbalwa ezinkulu. Sikhuluma elikhulu fuel Umnotho, kalula ukulungisa. Futhi, ezinye abathengi like ukungabikho isinyathelo bamba. Enye inzuzo yokuhamba kwesikebhe abashayeli esabiwe, wukuthi kungenzeka baguqule igiya.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ibhokisi embuzweni, bangakunaki zokusebenza-actuator ISIZINDA, esiye kakade wakhuluma ngaphambili. Babuthana ulwazi mayelana imininingwane efana idrayivu isivinini, isivinini powertrain, ukusebenza ezinye izinzwa. Ngokusekelwe idatha, i-computer yenza isinqumo ngalokho udinga kusebenze ukudluliswa. Ngokwazi abashayeli mayazi actuator bamba unesibopho. Nguye othatha umyalo umbuso ushintsho futhi iyanqamula injini kusuka kushaft input. Esikhathini actuator yesibili icushiwe ngesikhathi le nqubo, ukhetha igiya ukuthi kuyadingeka, futhi ngokushesha leli gama lihlanganisa. Esiyingqopha kamuva injini futhi ixhunywe shaft, futhi imoto uyaqhubeka nendlela yakhe. Le nqubo yonke senzeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze abantu angaluboni. Zonke ukuthi ongawaqonda - a umfutho kancane, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu. Yileyo indlela lokhu kusebenza Transmission - "irobhothi". Izibuyekezo sichaziwe ngezansi.

oshayelayo Servo are of nhlobonhlobo ezimbili. Kukhona kagesi kanye wokubacindezela. Eyokuqala injini, okuyinto uyakwazi usebenzisa gearbox, ukuhambisa esiphezulu ingxenye. Umfutholuketshezi futhi usebenza ngokusebenzisa isilinda. Uthola imiyalelo ngokuqondile control unit.

izinzuzo ukudluliswa

Phakathi ukusetshenziswa abashayeli ukuhlonza amaphutha kanye nezinzuzo. Yiqiniso, udinga ukukhuluma ngazo. Yini izitatimende zingatholakala ngokuhlola izimpendulo? Ibhokisi irobhothi has izici zayo siqu. Okokuqala, ukubheka izinzuzo.

• Abathengi uqaphele ukuthi, ngokungafani kuya umshini kanye variator, gearbox robotised okunokwethenjelwa futhi kuwusizo kakhudlwana.
• Cishe bonke onobuhle echazwe ukudluliswa uyakwazi ezisebenza imodi ibhukwana lapho umshayeli Ungashintsha amagiya.
• amakhasimende abaningi bayazi ukuthi ibhokisi-irobhothi (izimfanelo Izibuyekezo busa) has a umthamo ezincane kakhulu ukusebenza. Ngakho, kubalulekile imali encane yamafutha.
• Uma ufake u-mshini ezihlukahlukene powertrains e izimo ezifanayo ukushayela, izinga ukugeleza kakhulu ukubuyeka kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi kunamanye.
• gearbox Clutch baye ezichazwe ngenhla has 30% share.
• Abathengi waphawula ukuthi ukulungisa yokudlulisela ezinjalo kuba ishibhile.
• Isisindo gearbox robotised akuyona bungangobubanzi ukuthi we othomathikhi. Ngale ndlela-ke kulula ukufaka imoto ezihlangene.

Okumbi gearbox

Ngisho ne uhlu olunjalo izinzuzo idivayisi has nezihibe, okungase kuvimbele abanye abashayeli share. Ake sihlole kubo.

• Ngeshwa, banal futhi eshibhe ibhokisi-amarobhothi abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ukushayela ethile yokushayela. Kule ncwadi wakhuluma wawudlula automatic transmission, okuyinto uvuma kalula ukuba isitayela ukushayela. Lapha kukhona kuphela uhlobo nelilodwa lokushayela. Yena ithungwe njengezinga elifanayo e firmware.
• Uma (ehilelekile impendulo kule negative kunalokho) ebhokisini irobhothi setha ephelele actuator kagesi, ekubonisa ukulibala kancane emsebenzini. Okungukuthi, ukudluliswa ukubambezeleka okuholela phakathi isignali futhi ukushintsha ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela ngemizuzwana emibili. Leli akulona ethile sina, Nokho, ungase ulethe ngokuphazamisa lapho wenza drive iyunifomu nokusheshisa.
• Uma usebenzisa i-drive wokubacindezela nge-gearbox kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inkinobho yanda cishe 0.05 imizuzwana. Kubonakala inombolo encane, kodwa azizwa ngayo lapho ushayela. Kodwa lokhu drive njengoba ezibizayo ukuthenga futhi kuyabiza ukufaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto osindayo ku injini ngokuya amandla, ngakho-ke livame ukusetshenziswa izimoto ezemidlalo noma ezinye izimoto ezibizayo.

Kutfutfukiswa ukudluliswa - the preselektivnoy ukuvela

Ngenxa yokuthi ibhokisi has nezihibe, ngentuthuko lokuqala zanakekelwa kuhle ezimbi. Into esemqoka ukuthi ayikuthandi abashayeli - the jerks esavela lapho ihamba. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwezwakala ngenxa yesivinini esiphansi. Kodwa Onjiniyela izindleko amancane kalula umhlangano waqhubeka efuna izixazululo inkinga.

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga futhi ukunciphisa isikhathi ukubambezeleka uma ushintshela, nabaqambi baqala ukusebenzisa Ibhokisi couplings ezimbili letisebenta ngayodwana. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ukuqeda ukubambezeleka abalulekile futhi jerks. Dynamics of imishini ikhuphuke kakhulu; uphoqe umthengi imba eqolo. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi yaqala ukuthandwa kwebhokisi irobhothi. Izibuyekezo wabanikazi kancane ngcono.

Manje ake sixoxe kulowo owayengamele ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa gearbox kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi. La maphayona aba "Audi" kanye German "Volkswagen". Basuke efakwe emshinini wakho omoya enjalo kusukela 2003. Impendulo sendlela izimoto umsebenzi wabo ibhokisi uzobe kuchaziwe ngezansi.

Yikuphi avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimbili-bamba? Ngenxa-ke igiya kudingekile ukwenza ngaphambi ematfuba off kulowo odlule. Futhi ngakho umshini ngokuqhubekayo isuka komunye kuya komunye, ngenkathi sigcina traction ngesilinganiso esifanele. Lokhu gearbox robotized ngokuthi Preselektivnaya. Kuyinto isizukulwane sesibili. Ukubuyela isakhiwo zedivayisi, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi ibhokisi evamile anoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi nge imiphini zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Ukwakhiwa efanayo ngiwafaka izingcezu ezimbili. Ngoba kwenzenjani? Umbhangqwana ngamunye onesibopho noma uyinqaba noma ngisho ukudluliswa. imiphini wokufaka elise matryoshka, ukuthi ungomunye izidleke ngaphakathi kwezinye. Ixhunyiwe kwi-amandla yoPhiko ngenxa bamba multi-disc.

Emihle nemibi isizukulwane sesibili

Ngokuhlanganisa zonke ukuthuthukiswa best of the yesibili ukudluliswa isizukulwane, okungukuthi, labo abasebenza ezimbili-bamba, ngikutholile ukonga ngaphezulu futhi fast drive ubuchwepheshe. kuphindze kube ukhululekile kunazo ngesikhathi ukusebenza. Ngenxa amavolumu elincane ibhokisi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo futhi izindleko izimoto ezincane ukwedlula okuzenzakalelayo.

Kodwa ngisho ne izinzuzo isisindo bungabonakala futhi abanye minuses. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokungafani kuya isizukulwane sokuqala, ukudluliswa ezinjalo kuba nzima kakhulu ukulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayokhululwa imali esezingeni elifanele, izwe babe hhayi bonke abashayeli. ngaphambili futhi nenkinga torque, kodwa manje lokhu ehilelekile kususwe ngokuphelele.

Ibhokisi irobhothi imoto "Opel"

Inombolo yohlobo yanoma "Opel" izimoto umkhiqizi ngezinye izikhathi ezitholakele gearbox robotised. Ngeshwa, ngabo Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle ezingaphezu kuka omuhle. Mhlawumbe, kule kukhona iphutha umenzi kanye "Opel".

Ibhokisi-irobhothi Izibuyekezo ukuthi sicabanga ukuthi ukusebenza bamba eyodwa kuphela. Lokhu kuletha ezinye kabi, ngakho umshayeli bangazizwa inqubo kwethunzi. Iningi imishini ifakwe inketho okunjalo, kodwa kukhona onobuhle isizukulwane sesibili.

Ngokusho ukubuyekezwa, ukujwayela ibhokisi kuyodingeka isikhathi eside, kungenxa ethile. Nokho, kungenzeka, futhi kamuva abe lemali ehloniphekile isikhathi ukuyisebenzisa iba ekahle kakhulu. Eceleni wazi ukuthi intengo tags emishinini kanye nokulungiswa ukudluliswa ziphansi, ngakho-ke kungathiwa inzuzo ehlukile. Ivumela abakuboni nebubi-non-sina.

Abashayeli ngokuvamile bathi kufanele njalo kabusha ulungise bamba. Ngenxa yokuthi lo mbuzo cishe awukhathezekile umakhi "Opel", ibhokisi-irobhothi (lokhu kwenzeka njalo libuyekeza) efana baphile izimpilo zabo. It avumelane indlela ukushayela umshayeli, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi lingahle ukuphambuka ngisho.

Ngokuvamile, abantu abambalwa kakhulu ukweluleka ukuthenga imoto kusuka inkampani "Opel" nge-gearbox robotized. Uma kusekhona yini isifiso sokubatshela nakho, kufanele sibheke ukhetho eqolo. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi endleleni kuyodingeka ukubukela kabili njengoba ngokucophelela, ukuze ngingasebenzisi uphuthelwe, lapho ngokungazelelwe ibhokisi kuyoba "bese wehlisa ijubane."

Ibhokisi irobhothi ukuba "Opel Astra"

Kakade ngazo ngenhla isimo jikelele "Opel" Sithanda uthinte phezu Astra imoto, okuyinto esetshenziswa irobhothi ibhokisi. "Astra", ukubuyekezwa okuyinto uphikise, kodwa hhayi okubi, waya design-lokuqala isizukulwane, ukuze sikwazi ukusho ukuthi yakhelwe for the amateur. Futhi sikhuluma inqubo ukuxhashazwa, kunokuba ukulungisa. Abanye abashayeli bathi ngebhokisi enjalo ungcono lokukhanda. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe zimbi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa evamile futhi kunazo owaziwa ngokuzenzakalela. Abaningi bathi "Astra" ibhokisi irobhothi akawuthandi isiminyaminya futhi ngezinye izikhathi siqala ukuba angasebenzi kahle. Kuye uhlobo ukwehluleka, idivayisi kungaba ushibhile kakhulu ukulungisa ngaphandle automatic transmission. Nokho, ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso kuzo zonke izimo, akunakwenzeka.

Ibhokisi-irobhothi "yohlobo lweToyota Corolla"

Njengoba sazi ukuthi wonke umuntu zabo okuthandwa siqu lapho ukhetha umshini futhi ukudluliselwa kwawo, umshayeli ngeke unqume ukuthi uwamukele yini esinikeziwe "Toyota". Ibhokisi irobhothi, ukubuyekezwa zazo zinhle e-80% amacala, libonisa operation evamile. Nokho, kubuye ine ezithile.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge imoto, abaningi bacabanga ukuthi hlobo luni ukudluliswa liyoba ngcono? Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukubheka ngebuhle nebubi. Ukwenza lokhu intando, ikhumbula irobhothi amazwana ebhokisini.

"Corolla" nge ezifana imishini abazinikezele izinkondlo laudatory abashayeli. Bathi lapho sisebenzelana wachitha esincane nophethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukugcina futhi ishibhile. Kodwa kukhona nemibi. Yini? ukuqhela okuzenzakalelayo amagiya ngokushesha ukwedlula "irobhothi". Ngezinye izikhathi kuletha olubushelelezi wokusebenza ezithinta Dynamics bese ukugibela induduzo jikelele. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba uye endaweni okungavumelekile ebusika, njalo ukuxoxa imoto. Kungenjalo kukhona awokuthi ukudluliswa angeke asebenze kahle.

Akubona bonke abashayeli ngomdlandla, lamukele iqiniso lokuthi isethi kwebhokisi irobhothi "yohlobo lweToyota Corolla". Uphenyo iningi abasebenzisi ukwenza kucace - umshini kuyinto lula ukusebenza kanye kuyaqabukela kube nezinkinga. Kodwa-ke futhi, kubalulekile ukuqonda imininingwane a ukudluliswa enjalo futhi sikulungele ukuba sizivumelanise wakhe.

Ibhokisi irobhothi imoto "Lada"

Cabanga edume umenzi wezimoto basezindlini ngokunakekelwa ukudluliswa robotized. Zama ukuqonda ngebuhle nebubi, ikhumbula impendulo. «Lada Vesta 'ibhokisi Robot-like ukuthi akuwona wonke abathengi, sandile emakethe. Zonke bhala ukuthi kuyodingeka isikhathi eside ukujwayela, kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga.

Found kuwebhu in eziningi Izibuyekezo ezinhle. Bavumela lusisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi inkinga eyinhloko ibhokisi enjalo nje mincane kakhulu (uma ziqhathaniswa automatic transmission) ukushintsha isivinini. Kaningana, abashayeli ungayisebenzisi imodi ibhukwana, njengoba umthetho, lokhu akukona isimo sidinga. Ngokuvamile, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo livela kuphela uma ushayela heavy-ukugeleza. Futhi njengoba wazi, gearbox ayilungiswanga kuya silandele isitayela esithile lokushayela umshayeli, kuphephile futhi ushibhile ukusebenzisa imodi ibhukwana.

Ezinye amakhasimende ungathandi nethemba ukuzithiba, ngoba ukudluliswa kunikezwa computer, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele uphathe ke ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu.

Futhi yezinzuzo abathengi bathi ebhokisini-irobhothi awusindi kakhulu amandla iyunithi, ngakho ukugibela elula kunazo futhi zikhululekile. Inqubo ukushintsha ukudluliswa emva ukusheshisa oluphakeme okusheshayo. Kodwa namanje nomunye ukubamba - cishe ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Lokhu kukwenza ungakwazi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni omoya enjalo, ngoba lezi zinto-lokuqala isizukulwane uthole okuningi kahle ekhelini lakho futhi kunciphisa udumo zedivayisi.

Ngokuvamile, "Lada Vesta" kubhekwa evamile eziphansi inketho. Zuza ke, njengoba umthetho, labo nje ukufunda ukushayela, abantu okuthuthukile kuso bamshaya indiva.

Ibhokisi irobhothi imoto "Ford Focus"

Ngeshwa, abanikazi imoto "Ford Focus" ibhokisi Robot ukubuyekeza akuyona kamnandi. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi idonse eziningi engemihle futhi ukwahlulela maqondana nomkhiqizi American. Eyokuqala ayikuthandi abashayeli - izindleko zokulungisa. Abaningi babhale ukuthi ngemuva kokufunda intengo, ngabe lithengise imoto ukuthenga "evamile" nge automatic transmission.

Kodwa namanje it has izinzuzo zokufakaza naleli robhothi ibhokisi. Ukubuyekezwa ( "Focus" - akuyona imodeli kuphela, sona sasungula amanye isakhiwo efanayo) ivumela ukuqinisekisa leli qiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhokisi setha isizukulwane sesibili kule moto. Phakathi nalolo hambo, kukhona ezingeni esiphezulu wenduduzo lula. Sebenza obungazange buphele, futhi igiya eshintsha cishe unnoticeable.

Ngokuvamile, abanye abathengi ukuthenga imoto enjalo uyayalwa, abanye - akukho. Konke kuncike ukunambitheka, njengoba azikho ukushiyeka kwethu okungathí sina. Nokho, lapho ekhetha isidingo ngokuphelele sokucabangisisa ngezinto balinganise kuphela ke anqume ku isinyathelo ezinkulu njengoba ukuthenga imoto irobhothi "Ford". Ibhokisi-irobhothi, okuyinto libuyekeza sesikubonile - lo mniningwane obalulekile kakhulu emotweni, Ukukhetha yayo kufanele wasondela ngokucophelela.