Iyini i-savanna futhi iphi? Savannah waseNingizimu Melika

Ngeshwa, akubona abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi yiziphi izinqolobane nokuthi ziphi. I-Savannah yindawo engokwemvelo eyenzeka ngokuyinhloko ema-subtropics nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu salesi siqeshana yisimo sezulu esiyinkathi eshisayo esinokushintshashintsha kwesikhathi ngenkathi yesomiso nemvula. Lesi sici sinquma isigqi sonyaka sezinqubo zemvelo lapha. Izitshalo zeFerrallite nezimila ze-herbaceous namaqembu ezihlahla ezihlukene ngokwazo nazo ziyizici kule ndawo.

Indawo yangasese ye-savanna

Ake sibone kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi i-savannah nokuthi ziphi. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezise-Afrika, inendawo engaba ngu-40% yendawo yaleli zwekazi. Izindawo zale ndawo yemvelo zincane eNingizimu Melika (e-plateau yaseBrazil, lapho kuthiwa yiCampos, nasesigodini se-Orinoco-Llanosi River), empumalanga nasenyakatho ye-Asia (i-Peninsula yase-Indochina, i- Deccan Plateau, i-Indo-Gangsai Plain), nase-Australia .

Isimo sezulu

I-savan ibonakala yi-monsoon-ukuhweba kwemimoya yokuhamba kwemimoya yomoya. Ihlobo kulezi zifunda lilawulwa umoya omile oshisayo, futhi ebusika - ngomoya omanzi olinganayo. Ngaphandle kwebhande le- equatorial, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sezimvula (kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-8-9 kuya ku-2-3 emingcele engaphandle yalendawo). Esikhathini esifanayo, inani lemvula yonyaka liyancipha (cishe kusukela ngo-2000 mm ukuya ku-250 mm). Ku-savanna, kukhona nokuhluka okuncane kokushisa kuye ngokuthi inkathi (kusuka ku-15C kuya ku-32C). Ukuphakama kwansuku zonke kungaba okubaluleke nakakhulu futhi kufinyelele ama degree angu-25. Izici ezinjalo zezulu zakha imvelo eyingqayizivele e-savanna.

Umhlaba

Umhlabathi wesifunda uxhomeke ekupheleni kwesikhathi semvula futhi uhlukile embusweni wokugeza. Eduze emahlathini ase-equatorial, ezindaweni lapho imvula eqhubeka khona cishe izinyanga ezingu-8, inhlabathi ye-ferraliti yakha. Ezindaweni lapho le nkathi ingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-6, ungabona inhlabathi ebomvu. Emikhawulweni ene-semi-desert, inhlabathi ayikhiqizi futhi iqukethe umsindo omncane we-humus.

Savannah waseNingizimu Melika

E-Highlands yaseBrazil, lezi zindawo zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zayo zangaphakathi. Futhi bahlala ezindaweni ze-Orinoco Lowland neGuana Plateau. EBrazil kunezinhlayiya ezijwayelekile zensimu ebomvu ferrallite. Izimila zendawo ziyizinhlanzi eziningi futhi ziqukethe imindeni yezitshalo ezikhanyayo, okusanhlamvu, kanye no-Compositae. Izinhlobo eziphilayo zezitshalo azitholakali nhlobo, noma zitholakala ngesimo sezinhlobo ze-mimosa ngayinye ngomqhele we-umbelliform, i-milkweed, i-succulents, i-xerophytes kanye ne-cacti-like cacti.

Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezintaba zaseBrazil, ingxenye enkulu yendawo ihlala nge-kaatinga (ihlathini elingavamile kakhulu elihlaselwe yisomiso nemithi emhlabathini onobomvu obomvu). Amagatsha kanye neziqu ze-kaatinga ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izitshalo ze-epiphytic nemivini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yesundu.

Ama-savanna eNingizimu Melika atholakala ezindaweni ezimelele zeGran Chaco enhlabathini enobomvu obomvu. Lapha, amahlathi amancane namahlathi omuthi ajwayelekile. Emapulini kukhona i-algarrobo, isihlahla somndeni we-mimosa, esinamakholomu alugobile kanye nomqhele oqinile owenzelayo. Amapulangwe aphansi emahlathini ayakha amahlathi angenakwenzeka.

Phakathi kwezilwane e-savanna kukhona ukulwa, i-ocelot, i-pampas deer, i-Magellanian cat, i-beaver, i-cat pampas, i-nandu kanye nabanye. Kusuka ezindongeni, uTuko-Tuko noViskach bahlala lapha. Izindawo eziningi ze-savanna zihlushwa yizinkumbi. Kukhona nezinyoka eziningi kanye nezilonda lapha. Esinye isici sesici se-landscape yinani elikhulu lama-termites.

Ama-African shrouds

Manje kubo bonke abafundi, mhlawumbe, kuyathakazelisa: "Uphi i-savan e-Afrika?" Siphendula, kuleli zwekazi elimnyama lo mkhakha uhamba ngokudlula umzila wesifunda samahlathi ashisayo. Emkhawulweni wezimngcele, amahlumela kancane kancane agxile futhi abe mpofu. Phakathi kwamahlathi kukhona izindawo zama-savanna. Ihlathi elimanzi elishisayo lihamba kancane emigodini yemifula, nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba, kufakwa indawo yamahlathi lapho izihlahla zazo zimelela amaqabunga ngenkathi eyomile, noma ama-savannah. Kunombono wokuthi ama-savannah asezindaweni ezishisayo aqala ukudala ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi wabantu, njengoba wawushisa zonke izimila ngenkathi eyomile.

Ezindaweni ezinenkathi encane yemvula, isembozo sohlaza siba mfushane futhi sincane. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi esifundeni kune-acacia ehlukene enomqhele wendlala. Lezi zindawo zibizwa ngokuthi i-savannah eyomile noma ejwayelekile. Ezindaweni ezinenkathi ende yemvula, amahlumela enameva, kanye nohlaza obunzima, akhula. Ama-massifs anjalo e-vegetative abizwa ngokuthi ama-savannas ehlane, enza umdwebo omncane enyakatho yezwe.

Izwe le-savanna lase-Afrika limelelwa yizilwane ezinjengalezi: amaqabunga, amasiraya, ama-antelopes, ama-rhinoceroses, izindlovu, izingwe, ama-hyenas, izingonyama nabanye.

Savannah wase-Australia

Masiqhubekele isihloko sethu "Kuyini i-savanna futhi baphi", beya e-Australia. Lapha, le ndawo yemvelo itholakala ikakhulukazi enyakatho ye-degrees angu-20 eningizimu. Empumalanga kukhona ama-savannah ajwayelekile (nawo ahlala eningizimu yeqhingi laseNew Guinea). Phakathi nenkathi yemvula, lesi sifunda sihlanganiswa izitshalo ezinhle zezimbali: imindeni yama-orchid, i-buttercups, i-lilacs nezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene. Izihlahla ezijwayelekile ziyi-acacia, i-eucalyptus, i-casuarina. Izihlahla ezinezihlahla ezinomzimba zivame kakhulu, lapho kutholakala khona umswakama. Ngokukhethekile, zimelelwa yizihlahla ezibizwa ngokuthi amabhodlela. Kukhona lezi zitshalo eziyingqayizivele eyenza i-savanna yase-Australia ihluke kancane, ngokungafani nemisindvo ekhona kwamanye amazwekazi.

Lo mkhakha uhlangene namahlathi amancane, amelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-eucalyptus. Ihlathi le-eucalyptus lihlala kakhulu kunogwini olusenyakatho yezwe kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yesiqhingi saseCape York. E-Australian savannah, ungathola amagundane amaningi e-marsupial: i-molecule, isikebhe, i-wombat, i-anteater. Emagqumeni amahlathi ahlala echidna. Kulezi zifunda, ungabona futhi i-emu, izinhlobonhlobo zezilwanyana nezinyoka.

Indima yama-savan abantu

Ngemuva kokuthi sithole imininingwane ecacile, ukuthi lezi zinqolobane kanye nokuthi ziphi, kubalulekile ukutshela ukuthi lezi zindawo zemvelo zidlala indima ebalulekile kumuntu. Kulezi zifunda, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, i-jute, ukotini, umoba usukhulile. Ezindaweni ezimile, ukuzaliswa kwemfuyo kuthuthukile kakhulu. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zemithi ezikhula kule ndawo zibhekwa njengeziyigugu kakhulu (isibonelo, teak).

Naphezu kokubaluleka okukhulu, le ndoda, ngeshwa, iyaqhubeka nokubhubhisa uhlelo lweSana. Ngakho, eNingizimu Melika, ngenxa yokushisa amasimu, izihlahla eziningi ziyafa. Izindawo ezinkulu ze-savan zihlanza ngezikhathi ezithile kusukela ehlathini. Kuze kube yamuva, e-Australia, cishe amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4800 ezinkomo zavalwa ngonyaka ukuze zinikeze amadlelo emfuyo. I-Km yehlathi. Manje izenzakalo ezinjalo zimiswe okwesikhashana. Izihlahla eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi nazo zinomthelela omubi esimisweni se-savannah (i-Nile acacia, i-Llandata yokuhlanza, i-Opuntia nabanye).

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuholela ekushintsheni emsebenzini kanye nesakhiwo se-savanna. Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, izitshalo ezinamandla zihlupheka kakhulu. Ngifuna ukukholelwa ukuthi maduzane abantu bazoqala ukuvikela imvelo.