Iyini i-mausoleum? Ama-mausoleums adumile emhlabeni

Iyini i-mausoleum? Lena uhlobo olukhethekile lwezakhi zokwakha, izibonelo zazo ezingatholakala namuhla ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Yakhiwe nini futhi kuphi i-mausoleum yokuqala? Yiziphi izici zesakhiwo salolu hlobo? Futhi ziphi ama-mausoleums adume kakhulu emhlabeni?

Iyini i-mausoleum?

Phakathi nekhulu le-IV BC. E. Engxenyeni yeTurkey yanamuhla yakha isakhiwo sokuqala salolu hlobo. Kwakuyi-mausoleum kaMausolus eHalicarnassus, umbusi odumile wamaCarians. Isakhiwo esikhulu sasikuloluhlu lwezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba. Waqhubeka kwaze kwaba yiNkathi Ephakathi futhi wabhujiswa ngokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla. Namuhla, kusukela ethuneni elikhulu leNkosi King Mausolus, kwakunezinsalela kuphela, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa kwakubonakala kunomusa.

Ngakho, iyini i-mausoleum? Leli gama ngokwayo livela egameni lesiGreki elithi mausoleion, eliphinde lihlotshwe negama leNkosi uKarian uMausolus. Kuyinto isakhiwo somngcwabo ovelele negumbi elikhethekile elihloselwe ukugcinwa kwezinsalela, umlotha noma umzimba ogcotshwe ngumuntu oshonile. Esakhiweni esisodwa esinjalo, kungenzeka kube namathuna amaningana noma ukukhala. Ama-mausoleums angaba izakhiwo ezahlukene noma abe yingxenye yesikhungo samasonto.

Lezi zakhiwo zangasese zathandwa kakhulu ezikhathini zaseRoma lasendulo, kanye naseNkathini Ephakathi (emazweni asempumalanga). Ekhulwini lama-20 kule planethi kwavela ama-mausoleums amaningi ahloniphekile, azinikezelwe ozombangazwe abadumile nabaholi abanobudlova. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-mausoleums ka-VI Lenin (USSR), K. Gotwald (eCzechoslovakia), Mao Zedong (PRC), Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), Enver Hoxha (Albania) nabanye.

Sithole ukuthi yi-mausoleum. Manje ake senze uhambo olubonakalayo lwe-mausoleums edume kakhulu emhlabeni.

Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Mausoleum

Lesi sikhumbuzo esivelele esakhiweni esempumalanga siseNingizimu Kazakhstan, edolobheni laseTurkestan. Yakhiwa ethuneni lomlobi u-Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, owafaka isandla esikhulu ekusakazeni kwamaSulumane e-Asia Ephakathi. Umlobi wabulawa ngo-1166, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwe-mausoleum wamanje kwaqala ngamakhulu amabili kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Ngokwezinto zokugcina impahla, i-mausoleum yaseKhoja Ahmed Yasavi yakhiwa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaTamerlane ngokwakhe. Umlawuli owaziwayo wanikezela imingcele yesakhiwo esizayo futhi waze wanikeza izincomo ngokuhlobisa nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi.

I-mausoleum iyisakhiwo esikhulu se-rectangular esinama-portals amakhulu nendlu. Umnyango ophakathi kwethuneni uhlotshiswe ngemidwebo eminingi yobuciko ngokhuni nendlovu. Lesi sikhumbuzo sezakhiwo kanye nomlando yiNdawo yeGugu leNational UNESCO.

Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum

Ukuguquka komlilo uHu Chi Minh akakaze aphile emlandweni womlando wokwakhiwa kweVietnam eyodwa neyazimele. Kodwa-ke, ukuvulwa okukhulu kwe-mausoleum yakhe kwaqhutshwa ngo-1975, lapho uSaigon, elawulwa amabutho aseningizimu, esevele eseqalile.

Abakhi bezakhiwo ezinkulu eHanoi bavuma ukuthi baphefumulelwe yinkosikazi yaseLenin eMoscow. Lokhu kubonakala kusuka kwisisekelo esifanayo se-pyramidal yesakhiwo se-Vietnamese. Nokho, ingxenye engenhla ye-mausoleum iqinisile. Kuyinto yokwakhiwa kwe-cubic enkulu ngamakholomu angama-rectangular kanye nophahla lwaseVietnam oluyisithathu, olujwayelekile.

Ukugcoba umbusi waseVietnam kwasizwa ochwepheshe baseMoscow. Umzimba kaHo Chi Minh uhlala ehholo elincane nelincane, lapho ungahamba khona kuphela. Ukukhuluma noma ukuthatha izithombe kuleli gumbi akuvumelekile.

I-Mausoleum kaKim Il Sung

Enyakatho-mpumalanga yezindleko ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke, umzimba kaKim Il Sung "umholi omkhulu" kanye "nomongameli waphakade" uhlala. I-mausoleum yombusi itholakala ngaphakathi kwegodlo elikhulu eKym-Susan. Izivakashi ezimbalwa zakwamanye amazwe azihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yi-mausoleum ePyongyang, njengomkhosi wokuvakasha kwakhe. Lapha konke kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima kuneHanoi efanayo.

Wonke umuntu ofisa ukuvakashela ethuneni lomholi uphoqelekile ukuthatha amakhamera namavidyo kamakhamera. Khona-ke umvakashi ngamunye uhlolwe ngokucophelela futhi ahlolwe ngumtshina wensimbi. Emva kwazo zonke lezi zinqubo, izivakashi zinikezwa abadlali abanama-headphone nokuziphatha kusukela ehholo kuya ehholo.

Phakathi nalolu hambo, ama-headphones athi izindaba ezibuhlungu ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwabantu baseKorea. Okokugcina, ekamelweni lokugcina, elibhekwe ukukhanya okubomvu, kukhona i-sarcophagus engilazi egumbini eligcobekile likaKim Il Sung. Ngokwemithetho, kumele aguqe kathathu.